Preliminary Study of the Effects of Headwater Riparian Reserves with
... Buffer configurations ranged from those positioned in a longitudinal series along a single long stream reach (Figure 2A, B) to one where the headmost stream reach was buffered by a single buffer and separated from other reaches by a tributary junction (Figure 2C, D), and sometimes also an intervenin ...
... Buffer configurations ranged from those positioned in a longitudinal series along a single long stream reach (Figure 2A, B) to one where the headmost stream reach was buffered by a single buffer and separated from other reaches by a tributary junction (Figure 2C, D), and sometimes also an intervenin ...
The Use of Extant Non-Indigenous Tortoises as a Restoration Tool
... (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (North et al. 1994). Its decline was concomitant with an increase of grazing-intolerant invasive grasses, e.g., Cenchrus echinatus and Chloris barbata (Bullock et al. 2002), which have encroached on the shorter-stature and slow-growing native grassland community, a complex of ...
... (Oryctolagus cuniculus) (North et al. 1994). Its decline was concomitant with an increase of grazing-intolerant invasive grasses, e.g., Cenchrus echinatus and Chloris barbata (Bullock et al. 2002), which have encroached on the shorter-stature and slow-growing native grassland community, a complex of ...
FD is a package
... Legendre 2010). Still, one potential advantage of FDis over Rao’s Q is that in the unweighted case (i.e. with presence-absence data), it opens possibilities for formal statistical tests for differences in FD between two or more communities through a distance-based test for homogeneity of multivariat ...
... Legendre 2010). Still, one potential advantage of FDis over Rao’s Q is that in the unweighted case (i.e. with presence-absence data), it opens possibilities for formal statistical tests for differences in FD between two or more communities through a distance-based test for homogeneity of multivariat ...
Landscapes and Their Ecological Components
... 1986; Naveh and Lieberman, 1994; Forman, 1995; Zonneveld, 1995) have drawn ample attention to this characteristic while nevertheless expressing very different and often divergent visions of the discipline. Indeed, whereas Naveh and Lieberman have an anthropocentric, globalizing vision, that of Zonne ...
... 1986; Naveh and Lieberman, 1994; Forman, 1995; Zonneveld, 1995) have drawn ample attention to this characteristic while nevertheless expressing very different and often divergent visions of the discipline. Indeed, whereas Naveh and Lieberman have an anthropocentric, globalizing vision, that of Zonne ...
Species interactions on the biome transition zone in
... second to fourth growing season. Black grama, one of the most important forage species of the semi-desert grassland type, was seriously damaged by burning, and did not recover during the period of study. It is not expected that blue grama, with its deeper root system (Riegel, 1940), will be affected ...
... second to fourth growing season. Black grama, one of the most important forage species of the semi-desert grassland type, was seriously damaged by burning, and did not recover during the period of study. It is not expected that blue grama, with its deeper root system (Riegel, 1940), will be affected ...
2010rat4
... Spathodea) placed in each cage with no other food for 24 h. To roughly adjust for differences in fruit volume and mass among species, the number of fruits offered to each rat ranged from one to 35 (Table 1). After 24 h of exposure to each rat, fruits were visually inspected to estimate the proportio ...
... Spathodea) placed in each cage with no other food for 24 h. To roughly adjust for differences in fruit volume and mass among species, the number of fruits offered to each rat ranged from one to 35 (Table 1). After 24 h of exposure to each rat, fruits were visually inspected to estimate the proportio ...
Elephants versus butterflies: the ecological role of large herbivores
... Our primary focus is on lowland tropical rain forest; for our purposes, the maps in Whitmore (1998) depict the areas where these occur. Rain forest landscapes include a variety of vegetation formations of smaller extent, including heath forests, isolated savannas, etc.; however, our analysis will no ...
... Our primary focus is on lowland tropical rain forest; for our purposes, the maps in Whitmore (1998) depict the areas where these occur. Rain forest landscapes include a variety of vegetation formations of smaller extent, including heath forests, isolated savannas, etc.; however, our analysis will no ...
The Ecology of Invasions and The Invasions of Ecology
... categorically studied and quantified.xxxv Such a system would have to provide criteria which invasion managers and ecologists alike could use to achieve their respective aims and consolidate the two practices into one discipline. The distinction of non-native “invasive” species from native species a ...
... categorically studied and quantified.xxxv Such a system would have to provide criteria which invasion managers and ecologists alike could use to achieve their respective aims and consolidate the two practices into one discipline. The distinction of non-native “invasive” species from native species a ...
MB_20_win
... 3. Three species of birds forage for insects in the same tree. However, each species tends to forage in different parts of the tree. This pattern of foraging is best explained as an adaptation to which of the following relationships? A. predation B. mutualism C. competition D. commensalism ...
... 3. Three species of birds forage for insects in the same tree. However, each species tends to forage in different parts of the tree. This pattern of foraging is best explained as an adaptation to which of the following relationships? A. predation B. mutualism C. competition D. commensalism ...
Ecosystem engineers on plants: indirect facilitation of arthropod
... The plants (n ¼ 60) were sequentially numbered according to the order of encounter and then randomly assigned to the following treatments: (1) expanded leaves (control; n ¼ 15), (2) rolled leaves forming a cylinder 0.5 cm in diameter (n ¼ 15), (3) rolled leaves forming a cylinder 1.5 cm in diameter ...
... The plants (n ¼ 60) were sequentially numbered according to the order of encounter and then randomly assigned to the following treatments: (1) expanded leaves (control; n ¼ 15), (2) rolled leaves forming a cylinder 0.5 cm in diameter (n ¼ 15), (3) rolled leaves forming a cylinder 1.5 cm in diameter ...
Defining drivers of the trophic niche width in reef fish communities
... II. The Layman metrics modified by Cucherousset & Villéger (submitted) ......... ^O! ...
... II. The Layman metrics modified by Cucherousset & Villéger (submitted) ......... ^O! ...
Zooplankton Diversity Indices: Assessment of an Ox
... A survey of the zooplankton communities of a water body was conducted from April 2013 to March 2014 in the Chhariganga oxbow lake located in Nakashipara block of Nadia district, India and an analysis of zooplankton with using diversity indices like Shannon-weaver and Simpson diversity index, species ...
... A survey of the zooplankton communities of a water body was conducted from April 2013 to March 2014 in the Chhariganga oxbow lake located in Nakashipara block of Nadia district, India and an analysis of zooplankton with using diversity indices like Shannon-weaver and Simpson diversity index, species ...
doc Term Paper Handout
... There are two components of the start up assignment worth 5% each. The first assignment is simply to do some reading of the literature (especially the primary literature), choose an appropriate study system (we will provide a list to choose from) and provide three key references that are different f ...
... There are two components of the start up assignment worth 5% each. The first assignment is simply to do some reading of the literature (especially the primary literature), choose an appropriate study system (we will provide a list to choose from) and provide three key references that are different f ...
Phylogenetic diversity stabilizes community
... as originally hypothesized by Darwin (1859), greater differences in species niches in communities with higher phylogenetic diversity may act to reduce the intensity of competition; this may, in turn, result in overyielding that buffers communities against demographic stochasticity (Loreau and de Maz ...
... as originally hypothesized by Darwin (1859), greater differences in species niches in communities with higher phylogenetic diversity may act to reduce the intensity of competition; this may, in turn, result in overyielding that buffers communities against demographic stochasticity (Loreau and de Maz ...
community - canesbio
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions. • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism). • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects ...
... • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions. • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism). • Interspecific interactions can affect the survival and reproduction of each species, and the effects ...
CHANGES IN TURBULENT MIXING SHIFT COMPETITION FOR
... water column, kj is the specific light attenuation coefficient of phytoplankton species j, Kbg is the total background turbidity caused by all nonphytoplankton components in the water column, and s is an integration variable. We note, from Eq. 2, that the light gradient is dynamic. Changes in the po ...
... water column, kj is the specific light attenuation coefficient of phytoplankton species j, Kbg is the total background turbidity caused by all nonphytoplankton components in the water column, and s is an integration variable. We note, from Eq. 2, that the light gradient is dynamic. Changes in the po ...
A new Subgenus of Giant Snakes (Anaconda) from
... to highlight the size and ferocity of these particularly large snakes. It was complete with all the embellishment and hype that a blockbuster film would be expected to have. Native to most of the northern half of South America east of the Andes, these snakes are reasonably common where they occur an ...
... to highlight the size and ferocity of these particularly large snakes. It was complete with all the embellishment and hype that a blockbuster film would be expected to have. Native to most of the northern half of South America east of the Andes, these snakes are reasonably common where they occur an ...
L E T T E R
... responses focused on a different subset of plots for each species (Table 1) and we were unable to test directly for differences in responses among species. Our restrictions resulted in the analysis of 12 abundant herbivorous insect species (of which 7 were specialists) and 7 abundant predator and pa ...
... responses focused on a different subset of plots for each species (Table 1) and we were unable to test directly for differences in responses among species. Our restrictions resulted in the analysis of 12 abundant herbivorous insect species (of which 7 were specialists) and 7 abundant predator and pa ...
Empirical Evidence for the Scale Dependence of Biotic Interactions
... exist for the first stop of each route. For routes between 29 and 49 km in length, we used ArcGIS and Python to generate likely locations for the remaining 49 stops, spaced equidistant along each route, beginning at the known start point. Routes that appeared interrupted or contained sections that c ...
... exist for the first stop of each route. For routes between 29 and 49 km in length, we used ArcGIS and Python to generate likely locations for the remaining 49 stops, spaced equidistant along each route, beginning at the known start point. Routes that appeared interrupted or contained sections that c ...
1 PETITION TO LIST ONE SPECIES OF HAWAIIAN YELLOW
... Oahu, Molokai, Lanai and Maui that is in imminent danger of going extinct. There is strong evidence of significant decline of H. facilis (Magnacca 2005, Magnacca 2007). Perkins, whose 1892-1906 survey of the Hylaeus is the basis for most of the historic records of the genus in Hawaii, called Hylaeus ...
... Oahu, Molokai, Lanai and Maui that is in imminent danger of going extinct. There is strong evidence of significant decline of H. facilis (Magnacca 2005, Magnacca 2007). Perkins, whose 1892-1906 survey of the Hylaeus is the basis for most of the historic records of the genus in Hawaii, called Hylaeus ...
Allocation in High-Sea Fisheries
... Reality though forced me to the Keplerian epiphany that fisheries management science has, because of various uncertainties, to instead be primarily an exercise in robust statistical estimation Though, as an Applied Mathematician, I considered (like Kepler) that this “smelt like a cartload of dung” ...
... Reality though forced me to the Keplerian epiphany that fisheries management science has, because of various uncertainties, to instead be primarily an exercise in robust statistical estimation Though, as an Applied Mathematician, I considered (like Kepler) that this “smelt like a cartload of dung” ...
3 Rodents and lagomorphs 3.9.07 - Hystrix, the Italian Journal of
... ICETA/Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairao, Portugal The relationship between genetic diversity and parasites has been often studied, but there are few that report natural populations and multiple pathogen systems. Parasite resistance is expected to be higher in genetical ...
... ICETA/Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairao, Portugal The relationship between genetic diversity and parasites has been often studied, but there are few that report natural populations and multiple pathogen systems. Parasite resistance is expected to be higher in genetical ...
(2016). Exotics Exhibit More Evolutionary History Than Natives
... In the past, the rate at which species colonized new areas, such as distant islands, was relatively slow, and long‐distance dispersal events were rare. As a result, species within biogeographic regions shared much of their evolutionary history; for any given species group, closely related species te ...
... In the past, the rate at which species colonized new areas, such as distant islands, was relatively slow, and long‐distance dispersal events were rare. As a result, species within biogeographic regions shared much of their evolutionary history; for any given species group, closely related species te ...
Pinyon Jay - New Mexico Avian Conservation Partners
... Colorado pinyon (Pinus edulis). These trees rely on the jay for dispersal of their wingless seeds, and the jay has a suite of morphological and behavioral adaptations to efficiently exploit the rich food resource that pinyon seeds provide. Pinyon seed production is sporadic, and mobile flocks requir ...
... Colorado pinyon (Pinus edulis). These trees rely on the jay for dispersal of their wingless seeds, and the jay has a suite of morphological and behavioral adaptations to efficiently exploit the rich food resource that pinyon seeds provide. Pinyon seed production is sporadic, and mobile flocks requir ...
implications of invasion by juniperus virginiana on small mammals
... away from other traps within each cell and 6 or 12 m from traps in adjacent cells throughout the grid. We trapped seasonally (May, August, November, and February) from May 2001 to August 2002 for a total of 6 trapping periods. Within a season, one grid was trapped for 5 consecutive days, followed im ...
... away from other traps within each cell and 6 or 12 m from traps in adjacent cells throughout the grid. We trapped seasonally (May, August, November, and February) from May 2001 to August 2002 for a total of 6 trapping periods. Within a season, one grid was trapped for 5 consecutive days, followed im ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.