Community Ecology (Bio 3TT3) - McMaster Department of Biology
... known as the realized niche. Fundamental niche represents species potential or capability while the realized niche is often seen as being reduced by biotic factors such as competition or predation. For example, leopards can and often do hunt during both the day and night. However, in areas of high l ...
... known as the realized niche. Fundamental niche represents species potential or capability while the realized niche is often seen as being reduced by biotic factors such as competition or predation. For example, leopards can and often do hunt during both the day and night. However, in areas of high l ...
Mammals of the Bodoquena Mountains, Mammals of the
... two or three sampling areas at Princesinha (180 trap-nights) and Califórnia (160 trap-nights) farms, and placed at different environments in the region studied (cerrado sensu stricto: 60 trap-nights; cerradão: 90 trap-nights; semideciduous gallery forest: 60 trap-nights; deciduous forest: 220 trap-n ...
... two or three sampling areas at Princesinha (180 trap-nights) and Califórnia (160 trap-nights) farms, and placed at different environments in the region studied (cerrado sensu stricto: 60 trap-nights; cerradão: 90 trap-nights; semideciduous gallery forest: 60 trap-nights; deciduous forest: 220 trap-n ...
Chapter 41
... in which an herbivore eats parts of a plant or alga In addition to behavioral adaptations, some herbivores may have chemical sensors or specialized teeth or digestive systems Plant defenses include chemical toxins and protective structures ...
... in which an herbivore eats parts of a plant or alga In addition to behavioral adaptations, some herbivores may have chemical sensors or specialized teeth or digestive systems Plant defenses include chemical toxins and protective structures ...
Batesian Mimicry between a Cardinalfish (Apogonidae) and a
... In Ju ly of 1981, while diving at Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro, Republic of the Philippines, one of us (Seigel) observed a mimetic association involving the cardinalfish Fowleria sp. and the scorpionfish S corpaenodes guamensis. Two stations (PI81-36 , 37, Table 1) were particularly note worthy, ...
... In Ju ly of 1981, while diving at Puerto Galera, Oriental Mindoro, Republic of the Philippines, one of us (Seigel) observed a mimetic association involving the cardinalfish Fowleria sp. and the scorpionfish S corpaenodes guamensis. Two stations (PI81-36 , 37, Table 1) were particularly note worthy, ...
Infochemicals structure marine, terrestrial and freshwater food webs
... to the risk of predation (Kats and Dill, 1998, Tollrian and Harvell, 1999). Such induced defences, which are a type of phenotypic plasticity, may involve the formation of spines, thorns, helmets or other defensive morphologies, as well as defensive behaviours, such as refuge use, diel migrations, re ...
... to the risk of predation (Kats and Dill, 1998, Tollrian and Harvell, 1999). Such induced defences, which are a type of phenotypic plasticity, may involve the formation of spines, thorns, helmets or other defensive morphologies, as well as defensive behaviours, such as refuge use, diel migrations, re ...
Expert Panel Assessment 2007 [PDF-698 KB
... The sustainable management of a grassland requires that sufficient plant material (biomass) be present to provide habitat for the range of species associated with it. Plant biomass accumulates as a result of energy capture from the sun and thus provides the primary energy source to support ecosystem ...
... The sustainable management of a grassland requires that sufficient plant material (biomass) be present to provide habitat for the range of species associated with it. Plant biomass accumulates as a result of energy capture from the sun and thus provides the primary energy source to support ecosystem ...
Extreme diversity of tropical parasitoid wasps exposed by iterative
... reared caterpillars were found to be parasitized by a wasp in 1 of the 6 genera of Microgastrinae targeted for analysis. Unless hyperparasitized, each of the 2,978 attacked caterpillars produced 1 wasp or many sibling wasps that invariably belonged to a single morphospecies. The morphotaxonomic proc ...
... reared caterpillars were found to be parasitized by a wasp in 1 of the 6 genera of Microgastrinae targeted for analysis. Unless hyperparasitized, each of the 2,978 attacked caterpillars produced 1 wasp or many sibling wasps that invariably belonged to a single morphospecies. The morphotaxonomic proc ...
(Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in the shortgrass steppe
... I then tested 2 alternative hypotheses (B1 and B2, below) regarding the relationships among predation risk, body size, and shrub cover. Although eleodids can produce unpalatable quinones when threatened with predation (Tschinkel 1975a), they are sometimes preyed upon by birds and rodents (Wiens et a ...
... I then tested 2 alternative hypotheses (B1 and B2, below) regarding the relationships among predation risk, body size, and shrub cover. Although eleodids can produce unpalatable quinones when threatened with predation (Tschinkel 1975a), they are sometimes preyed upon by birds and rodents (Wiens et a ...
![arXiv:q-bio/0504020v1 [q-bio.PE] 16 Apr 2005](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016274523_1-eadb1fa1870c75ac16e4c5225bb2f5b2-300x300.png)
arXiv:q-bio/0504020v1 [q-bio.PE] 16 Apr 2005
... Models are normally useful in understanding the real world. In principle, models can be verbal or symbolic, graphical or abstract, qualitative or quantitative. However, throughout this paper, by the term model we shall always mean mathematical models that not only indicate qualitative features of va ...
... Models are normally useful in understanding the real world. In principle, models can be verbal or symbolic, graphical or abstract, qualitative or quantitative. However, throughout this paper, by the term model we shall always mean mathematical models that not only indicate qualitative features of va ...
Modeling Biodiversity Dynamics in Countryside and Native Habitats
... agricultural matrix is more inhabitable than an ocean for most species. An alternative is to use the SAR from habitat isolates (e.g., in agricultural land) to estimate extinctions. A problem with this second approach is that, in many cases, time after fragmentation is still relatively short for the ...
... agricultural matrix is more inhabitable than an ocean for most species. An alternative is to use the SAR from habitat isolates (e.g., in agricultural land) to estimate extinctions. A problem with this second approach is that, in many cases, time after fragmentation is still relatively short for the ...
Food web structure and habitat loss
... Ongoing habitat destruction is the primary cause of biodiversity loss (Pimm & Raven 2000). Little is still known about how biodiversity is reduced in complex ecological webs. The goal of this paper is to explore how metacommunity structure affects the response of food webs to habitat loss. Previous ...
... Ongoing habitat destruction is the primary cause of biodiversity loss (Pimm & Raven 2000). Little is still known about how biodiversity is reduced in complex ecological webs. The goal of this paper is to explore how metacommunity structure affects the response of food webs to habitat loss. Previous ...
Dispersal in Marine Organisms without a Pelagic Larval Phase
... objects that become entrained in Gulf Stream currents can reach the eastern Atlantic in a few months time, but whether any attached organisms can survive and become introduced is unknown, although the recent report of trans-Atlantic rafting by the brooding reef coral Favia fragum (Hoeksema et al. 20 ...
... objects that become entrained in Gulf Stream currents can reach the eastern Atlantic in a few months time, but whether any attached organisms can survive and become introduced is unknown, although the recent report of trans-Atlantic rafting by the brooding reef coral Favia fragum (Hoeksema et al. 20 ...
Species at Risk Stations
... southeastern Ontario (Windsor) to southwestern Quebec (Sherbrooke). Breeding has only been confirmed in the second of these two regions; foxes observed in the former region may be individuals that have come across the border with the United States and are not breeding in Canada. No quantitative popu ...
... southeastern Ontario (Windsor) to southwestern Quebec (Sherbrooke). Breeding has only been confirmed in the second of these two regions; foxes observed in the former region may be individuals that have come across the border with the United States and are not breeding in Canada. No quantitative popu ...
report - DIGITAL.CSIC, el repositorio institucional
... Ongoing habitat destruction is the primary cause of biodiversity loss (Pimm & Raven 2000). Little is still known about how biodiversity is reduced in complex ecological webs. The goal of this paper is to explore how metacommunity structure affects the response of food webs to habitat loss. Previous ...
... Ongoing habitat destruction is the primary cause of biodiversity loss (Pimm & Raven 2000). Little is still known about how biodiversity is reduced in complex ecological webs. The goal of this paper is to explore how metacommunity structure affects the response of food webs to habitat loss. Previous ...
Unit 2 Homework Sheet
... 7) Understand the different ways in which populations grow and how this is related to the reproductive characteristics of the organisms that make up the population. 8) Understand succession as a process of ecosystem change. 9) Analyze island biogeography as a model of ecosystem biodiversity 10) Appl ...
... 7) Understand the different ways in which populations grow and how this is related to the reproductive characteristics of the organisms that make up the population. 8) Understand succession as a process of ecosystem change. 9) Analyze island biogeography as a model of ecosystem biodiversity 10) Appl ...
The role of plant species size in invasibility: a
... (Schamp et al. 2008), where 25 individuals were sampled per species (n = 11, R2 = 0.75, P = 0.008). All individuals were sampled in late season at reproductive stage. To test whether larger species would self-thin in such a way as to allow greater invasion, we regressed the number of invading specie ...
... (Schamp et al. 2008), where 25 individuals were sampled per species (n = 11, R2 = 0.75, P = 0.008). All individuals were sampled in late season at reproductive stage. To test whether larger species would self-thin in such a way as to allow greater invasion, we regressed the number of invading specie ...
Population Growth Finz 2012
... • Populations with more individuals aged at or before reproductive age have a pyramidshaped age structure graph, and can expand rapidly as the young mature and breed. • Stable populations have relatively the same numbers in each of the age classes. ...
... • Populations with more individuals aged at or before reproductive age have a pyramidshaped age structure graph, and can expand rapidly as the young mature and breed. • Stable populations have relatively the same numbers in each of the age classes. ...
Large mammal diversity and their conservation in the human
... or if reproductive and survival rates decrease for other reasons (Rodewald et al. 2011). In contrast other species may thrive as human-dominated landscapes offer improved living conditions (Chown et al. 2003). Consequently, depending on the taxa of interest these effects then lead to both positive o ...
... or if reproductive and survival rates decrease for other reasons (Rodewald et al. 2011). In contrast other species may thrive as human-dominated landscapes offer improved living conditions (Chown et al. 2003). Consequently, depending on the taxa of interest these effects then lead to both positive o ...
Issue Summary for Great Lakes Coastal Wetlands
... communities that include reproducing native fish species, especially ciscos, lake whitefish, lake trout, coaster brook trout, lake sturgeon, perch and walleye, as a significant component. Self-sustaining populations of naturalized game fish help fill critical ecological niches left empty by extirpat ...
... communities that include reproducing native fish species, especially ciscos, lake whitefish, lake trout, coaster brook trout, lake sturgeon, perch and walleye, as a significant component. Self-sustaining populations of naturalized game fish help fill critical ecological niches left empty by extirpat ...
Gardening with Nature - Pinelands Preservation Alliance
... individual species can be found only in our Pinelands, because they have been or are being wiped out in the rest of their natural range. The community of plants found here also does not exist anywhere else, as the New Jersey Pinelands is a unique mixture of southern and northern species that found a ...
... individual species can be found only in our Pinelands, because they have been or are being wiped out in the rest of their natural range. The community of plants found here also does not exist anywhere else, as the New Jersey Pinelands is a unique mixture of southern and northern species that found a ...
Plant Succession
... The plants therefore alter their local environment by modifying the conditions of the site to such an extent that other species may now find the habitat stable. Such species may not have previously been able to colonise because the environment was too harsh e.g. lack of water, nutrients and exposur ...
... The plants therefore alter their local environment by modifying the conditions of the site to such an extent that other species may now find the habitat stable. Such species may not have previously been able to colonise because the environment was too harsh e.g. lack of water, nutrients and exposur ...
ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH
... statues, cars, and sometimes people, and feed on grain (Long 1981; Smith, 1992). The control costs of pigeons are at least $9 per pigeon per year (Haag-Wackernagel 1995). Assuming 1 pigeon per ha in urban areas (Johnston and Janiga 1995) or approximately 0.5 pigeons per person, and using potential c ...
... statues, cars, and sometimes people, and feed on grain (Long 1981; Smith, 1992). The control costs of pigeons are at least $9 per pigeon per year (Haag-Wackernagel 1995). Assuming 1 pigeon per ha in urban areas (Johnston and Janiga 1995) or approximately 0.5 pigeons per person, and using potential c ...
Predator Management- Here We Go Again?
... Aevidence@ been collected and reliably identified (tracks, photos, sign on carcasses or eggs, etc.) • Have extrinsic, contributing factors been examined throughly (habitat conditions, weather effects, land management activities) that may have, on the short-time, caused an imbalance in predator and/o ...
... Aevidence@ been collected and reliably identified (tracks, photos, sign on carcasses or eggs, etc.) • Have extrinsic, contributing factors been examined throughly (habitat conditions, weather effects, land management activities) that may have, on the short-time, caused an imbalance in predator and/o ...
Biodiversity (or Biological Diversity) BIODIVERSITY
... food, and water. Some may also fundamentally alter ecological processes, making it difficult or impossible for native species to survive. It is critical to control populations of established invasives on your property and to aggressively prevent the spread of invasive species, especially those that ...
... food, and water. Some may also fundamentally alter ecological processes, making it difficult or impossible for native species to survive. It is critical to control populations of established invasives on your property and to aggressively prevent the spread of invasive species, especially those that ...
American Perceptions of Immigrant and Invasive Species
... Siamese catWsh crawl out of a canal choked with the Asian weed hydrilla, while Columbian iguanas scampered through Australian pines beneath a squadron of Amazonian parakeets.”5 In the trans-Mississippi West, Wre-adapted cheatgrass from Eurasia encroaches on scrublands hitherto dominated by sagebrush ...
... Siamese catWsh crawl out of a canal choked with the Asian weed hydrilla, while Columbian iguanas scampered through Australian pines beneath a squadron of Amazonian parakeets.”5 In the trans-Mississippi West, Wre-adapted cheatgrass from Eurasia encroaches on scrublands hitherto dominated by sagebrush ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.