Trophic Downgrading of Planet Earth REVIEW
... The omnipresence of top-down control in ecosystems is not widely appreciated because several of its key components are difficult to observe. The main reason for this is that species interactions, which are invisible under static or equilibrial conditions, must be perturbed if one is to witness and d ...
... The omnipresence of top-down control in ecosystems is not widely appreciated because several of its key components are difficult to observe. The main reason for this is that species interactions, which are invisible under static or equilibrial conditions, must be perturbed if one is to witness and d ...
Avian Diversity and Feeding Guilds in a Secondary Forest, an Oil
... each). The bulbuls, belonging to nine species, fed on small berries, insects, small invertebrates and geckos. Whiskered treeswifts (Hemiprocne comate) and Greyrumped treeswifts (Hemiprocne longipennis) were usually seen individually or in a large flock perching on branches of tall trees. The Whisker ...
... each). The bulbuls, belonging to nine species, fed on small berries, insects, small invertebrates and geckos. Whiskered treeswifts (Hemiprocne comate) and Greyrumped treeswifts (Hemiprocne longipennis) were usually seen individually or in a large flock perching on branches of tall trees. The Whisker ...
Trophic Downgrading of Planet Earth REVIEW
... The omnipresence of top-down control in ecosystems is not widely appreciated because several of its key components are difficult to observe. The main reason for this is that species interactions, which are invisible under static or equilibrial conditions, must be perturbed if one is to witness and d ...
... The omnipresence of top-down control in ecosystems is not widely appreciated because several of its key components are difficult to observe. The main reason for this is that species interactions, which are invisible under static or equilibrial conditions, must be perturbed if one is to witness and d ...
Plant Genetic Resources Conservation in Turkey
... Ex situ conservation has been the most widely accepted and implemented strategy for conserving plant genetic diversity, because it is reasonably easy and cost effective. Therefore many ex-situ conservation programs such as gene banks, clone banks, collection gardens were established worldwide up to ...
... Ex situ conservation has been the most widely accepted and implemented strategy for conserving plant genetic diversity, because it is reasonably easy and cost effective. Therefore many ex-situ conservation programs such as gene banks, clone banks, collection gardens were established worldwide up to ...
from pest to keystone species
... concentrated in the South-East of the NP. Therefore the sites with interior edges were located mostly in this part of the area. Because stand structures are similar throughout the whole of the NP, the three exterior edges in the North-West are directly comparable with the other studied edges. On eac ...
... concentrated in the South-East of the NP. Therefore the sites with interior edges were located mostly in this part of the area. Because stand structures are similar throughout the whole of the NP, the three exterior edges in the North-West are directly comparable with the other studied edges. On eac ...
olabisi onabanjo university pls317: plant ecology
... lake) that have not been previously modified by biological processes or occupied by a community. 3.2.2 Secondary succession occurs on surfaces that have been modified by mild biological disturbances that do not totally remove the regenerative capacity of the local vegetation. Thus the subsequent pro ...
... lake) that have not been previously modified by biological processes or occupied by a community. 3.2.2 Secondary succession occurs on surfaces that have been modified by mild biological disturbances that do not totally remove the regenerative capacity of the local vegetation. Thus the subsequent pro ...
Mutualism or cooperation among competitors promotes coexistence
... Resources-related niche differentiation alone is hard to explain the coexistence of species, which obviously exploit very similar resources. For example, all plants living together use light, CO2 , nitrogen and water. The phytoplankton species in water also use very similar resources. The competitio ...
... Resources-related niche differentiation alone is hard to explain the coexistence of species, which obviously exploit very similar resources. For example, all plants living together use light, CO2 , nitrogen and water. The phytoplankton species in water also use very similar resources. The competitio ...
1999 USA -3F Interd 3
... been measured unambiguously ± species richness ± although there is recently much emphasis on structural, process, and functional diversity. So we must determine exactly what aspects of biodiversity to seek, and why. A battery of suggestions about how to achieve this re-focus on biodiversity (e.g., e ...
... been measured unambiguously ± species richness ± although there is recently much emphasis on structural, process, and functional diversity. So we must determine exactly what aspects of biodiversity to seek, and why. A battery of suggestions about how to achieve this re-focus on biodiversity (e.g., e ...
Determinants of Distribution
... Whitebark, limber, Colorado pinyon, single-leaf pinyon and southwestern white pines depend on nutcrackers for seed dispersal This interaction has changed the trees’ seeds, cones, and even overall shape in comparison with other wind-dispersed pine species ...
... Whitebark, limber, Colorado pinyon, single-leaf pinyon and southwestern white pines depend on nutcrackers for seed dispersal This interaction has changed the trees’ seeds, cones, and even overall shape in comparison with other wind-dispersed pine species ...
Disentangling the effects of water and nutrients for studying the
... through disentangling direct factors along complex productivity gradients (Goldberg & Barton 1992; Goldberg & Novoplansky 1997; Liancourt et al. 2005b). Most of the experiments analysing changes in competition along natural productivity gradients rather support the Grime model, whereas most experime ...
... through disentangling direct factors along complex productivity gradients (Goldberg & Barton 1992; Goldberg & Novoplansky 1997; Liancourt et al. 2005b). Most of the experiments analysing changes in competition along natural productivity gradients rather support the Grime model, whereas most experime ...
The role of plant species in biomass production and response to
... (P. Reich, unpublished data). A diversity effect was not present aboveground in August 2000 at any combination of CO2 or N. Belowground, biomass increased with diversity for all 10 harvests (P < 0.001). Although the diversity effect was variable in absolute and relative strength over time, there app ...
... (P. Reich, unpublished data). A diversity effect was not present aboveground in August 2000 at any combination of CO2 or N. Belowground, biomass increased with diversity for all 10 harvests (P < 0.001). Although the diversity effect was variable in absolute and relative strength over time, there app ...
Host Plant Utilization by Grasshoppers
... Diet breadths for each grasshopper species are presented in Table 1. The average number of categories in the diet is 13.7 and the average value of B is 8.3. Confidence intervals (95%) allow the comparison of diet breadths among species. The fewest number of plants species in a diet was found in Erit ...
... Diet breadths for each grasshopper species are presented in Table 1. The average number of categories in the diet is 13.7 and the average value of B is 8.3. Confidence intervals (95%) allow the comparison of diet breadths among species. The fewest number of plants species in a diet was found in Erit ...
Information Sheet on DOJRAN LAKE
... ancient Macedonians ( Micevski, 1997), several endemic subspecies of fish, one endemic fish species , 11 endemic invertebrates, 4 CORINE species of Dragonflies (Odonata), 5 CORINE Fish Species and 10 CORINE bird Species. (The CORINE is a program. ( Co- ordination of Information on the Environment) i ...
... ancient Macedonians ( Micevski, 1997), several endemic subspecies of fish, one endemic fish species , 11 endemic invertebrates, 4 CORINE species of Dragonflies (Odonata), 5 CORINE Fish Species and 10 CORINE bird Species. (The CORINE is a program. ( Co- ordination of Information on the Environment) i ...
hybrid - UBC Botany
... species in USA •Colonizes riparian habitats, displacing native vegetation and consume precious water resources •Most common invasive in USA is a hybrid of two species that do not grow in the same areas of Asia ...
... species in USA •Colonizes riparian habitats, displacing native vegetation and consume precious water resources •Most common invasive in USA is a hybrid of two species that do not grow in the same areas of Asia ...
Determinants of Distribu_on
... environmental condi/ons in which a taxon survives and reproduces in nature, including bio/c factors (compe//on, preda/on, mutualism, etc). Balanus: realized niche ~ fundamental niche Chthamalus: constrained by compe/ ...
... environmental condi/ons in which a taxon survives and reproduces in nature, including bio/c factors (compe//on, preda/on, mutualism, etc). Balanus: realized niche ~ fundamental niche Chthamalus: constrained by compe/ ...
assessment
... control is conducted in Fitzgerald River National Park as part of ‘Western Shield’. Aerial baiting is also carried out at Waychinicup National Park. Operational feral Cat control is not yet possible. Boullanger and Whitlock Islands are regularly visited and Escape Island sometimes visited by recreat ...
... control is conducted in Fitzgerald River National Park as part of ‘Western Shield’. Aerial baiting is also carried out at Waychinicup National Park. Operational feral Cat control is not yet possible. Boullanger and Whitlock Islands are regularly visited and Escape Island sometimes visited by recreat ...
Amphibian Survival Alliance (ASA)
... Until 2014, the extinction risk of 7,647 taxa of the Brazilian fauna was validated, being 6,809 vertebrate and 838 invertebrates. To reach this number, 55 assessment workshops and two validation workshops were performed, with the participation of 929 researchers. The remaining vertebrate species and ...
... Until 2014, the extinction risk of 7,647 taxa of the Brazilian fauna was validated, being 6,809 vertebrate and 838 invertebrates. To reach this number, 55 assessment workshops and two validation workshops were performed, with the participation of 929 researchers. The remaining vertebrate species and ...
Environmental warming alters food
... increasingly dominated by autotrophs and bacterivores. Changes in the relative distribution of organisms among trophically de®ned functional groups lead to differences in ecosystem function beyond those expected from temperature-dependent physiological rates. Diverse communities retain more species ...
... increasingly dominated by autotrophs and bacterivores. Changes in the relative distribution of organisms among trophically de®ned functional groups lead to differences in ecosystem function beyond those expected from temperature-dependent physiological rates. Diverse communities retain more species ...
Amphibian Survival Alliance (ASA)
... Until 2014, the extinction risk of 7,647 taxa of the Brazilian fauna was validated, being 6,809 vertebrate and 838 invertebrates. To reach this number, 55 assessment workshops and two validation workshops were performed, with the participation of 929 researchers. The remaining vertebrate species and ...
... Until 2014, the extinction risk of 7,647 taxa of the Brazilian fauna was validated, being 6,809 vertebrate and 838 invertebrates. To reach this number, 55 assessment workshops and two validation workshops were performed, with the participation of 929 researchers. The remaining vertebrate species and ...
Re-assessing current extinction rates
... when no living individual has been seen for 50 years. This has been changed with a small number of species (n = 37) now recognised in a relatively new category of ‘extinct in the wild’. There have been remarkable changes in the global environment over the last 50 years with large increases in rates ...
... when no living individual has been seen for 50 years. This has been changed with a small number of species (n = 37) now recognised in a relatively new category of ‘extinct in the wild’. There have been remarkable changes in the global environment over the last 50 years with large increases in rates ...
The effect of land-use gradients on composition
... being generalists, typically living sympatrically, separated only temporally, monitors being diurnally active and civets being nocturnal (Traeholt, 1997a; Traeholt, 1997b; Seymour et al. 2010) . It might be expected that abundance of V. s. macromaculatus would be higher in areas of high anthropogeni ...
... being generalists, typically living sympatrically, separated only temporally, monitors being diurnally active and civets being nocturnal (Traeholt, 1997a; Traeholt, 1997b; Seymour et al. 2010) . It might be expected that abundance of V. s. macromaculatus would be higher in areas of high anthropogeni ...
Assessing the likely effectiveness of multispecies overlap analysis
... habitat availability and use. We calculated a niche overlap value for each reference that reported data for at least 2 species, rather than compiling all selectivity data into a single analysis because different papers often used different techniques for assessing habitat availability and use. Data ...
... habitat availability and use. We calculated a niche overlap value for each reference that reported data for at least 2 species, rather than compiling all selectivity data into a single analysis because different papers often used different techniques for assessing habitat availability and use. Data ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.