Mutualism, Facilitation, and the Structure of Ecological Communities
... conditions, facilitating the persistence of other species and exchanging levels of physical stresses (e.g., gradients in temtending their elevational or geographic range. Examples of this perature, moisture, exposure), so it follows that habitat“nurse plant” effect appear to be particularly common i ...
... conditions, facilitating the persistence of other species and exchanging levels of physical stresses (e.g., gradients in temtending their elevational or geographic range. Examples of this perature, moisture, exposure), so it follows that habitat“nurse plant” effect appear to be particularly common i ...
The poverty of the protists
... greater than this. In the first place, lineages can be functionally different even if they share a considerable part of their genomes. He proposed 70% similarity as a conservative criterion to distinguish types that were likely to be as different, or more different, than closely related eukaryote sp ...
... greater than this. In the first place, lineages can be functionally different even if they share a considerable part of their genomes. He proposed 70% similarity as a conservative criterion to distinguish types that were likely to be as different, or more different, than closely related eukaryote sp ...
AND SPECIES RICHNESS
... new functionalgroupsare added,but less rapidlywhen new species areredundant of existing functional groups. Lawton (102) proposed a model in which species may have strong,idiosyncraticeffects on ecosystems. If this is the case, thereis no predictableeffect of species richnessper se on ecosystem funct ...
... new functionalgroupsare added,but less rapidlywhen new species areredundant of existing functional groups. Lawton (102) proposed a model in which species may have strong,idiosyncraticeffects on ecosystems. If this is the case, thereis no predictableeffect of species richnessper se on ecosystem funct ...
Mossy Prehensile-tailed Gecko Rhacodactylus chahoua Class
... declining, e.g. on Dôme de Tiébaghi closed forest habitat occupied by Rhacodactylus chahoua is being lost to expansion of the nickel mine and degraded by mining activities [1]. o The primary threat to this species is the continued loss or degradation of forest habitat. This is a particular risk near ...
... declining, e.g. on Dôme de Tiébaghi closed forest habitat occupied by Rhacodactylus chahoua is being lost to expansion of the nickel mine and degraded by mining activities [1]. o The primary threat to this species is the continued loss or degradation of forest habitat. This is a particular risk near ...
Are Species Adapted to Their Regeneration Niche, Adult Niche, or
... the tall species experience on average higher light levels than small species, which should have led to the evolution of important high-light adaptations. In their groundbreaking study, Thomas and Bazzaz (1999) evaluated the evolutionary responses to vertical gradients in irradiance by examining lea ...
... the tall species experience on average higher light levels than small species, which should have led to the evolution of important high-light adaptations. In their groundbreaking study, Thomas and Bazzaz (1999) evaluated the evolutionary responses to vertical gradients in irradiance by examining lea ...
Coevolution between native and invasive plant competitors
... genetic shifts between species that represent true coevolutionary process have not yet been demonstrated in plant communities. Continuing coevolution between competitors has historically been considered unlikely: character displacement was predicted to be the outcome of coevolution between competito ...
... genetic shifts between species that represent true coevolutionary process have not yet been demonstrated in plant communities. Continuing coevolution between competitors has historically been considered unlikely: character displacement was predicted to be the outcome of coevolution between competito ...
Appendix S1. Characteristics of ungulate carcasses.
... 1986; YNP, unpublished data). A five-year old bison, for example, was assigned a live weight of 408 kg for a female and 725 kg for a male. Of note, the few bison (0-6 months) that we detected were very small, neonate bison (i.e., < a few weeks old). For other species, which occurred only rarely (see ...
... 1986; YNP, unpublished data). A five-year old bison, for example, was assigned a live weight of 408 kg for a female and 725 kg for a male. Of note, the few bison (0-6 months) that we detected were very small, neonate bison (i.e., < a few weeks old). For other species, which occurred only rarely (see ...
A Three-Way Trade-Off Maintains Functional Diversity under
... Because P is commonly limiting in freshwater systems (Lampert and Sommer 2007) and to follow Sommer, we focus on it as the nutrient. As a metric of competitive ability for P, we use scaled uptake affinity for phosphate (Psaff), which is a composite of three functional traits: maximum cell-specific p ...
... Because P is commonly limiting in freshwater systems (Lampert and Sommer 2007) and to follow Sommer, we focus on it as the nutrient. As a metric of competitive ability for P, we use scaled uptake affinity for phosphate (Psaff), which is a composite of three functional traits: maximum cell-specific p ...
PII: S0020-7519(01) - University of Otago
... were used. For many helminth species, infected fish harboured only a single worm; in many other species, even if numbers of worms per fish reached high values, the median number was usually low. Consequently, the first measure of interspecific association we chose is based on presence/absence data. ...
... were used. For many helminth species, infected fish harboured only a single worm; in many other species, even if numbers of worms per fish reached high values, the median number was usually low. Consequently, the first measure of interspecific association we chose is based on presence/absence data. ...
(Part 2) The adaptationist program
... 1. Observe or describe some organismal trait. 2. Formulate an adaptive hypothesis for the evolution of that trait. 3. Test hypothesis by experiment or by collecting additional data. ...
... 1. Observe or describe some organismal trait. 2. Formulate an adaptive hypothesis for the evolution of that trait. 3. Test hypothesis by experiment or by collecting additional data. ...
Energy, Density, and Constraints to Species Richness: Ant
... was inspected piece by piece for nests (ant colonies of !100 workers often nest in hollow twigs, acorns, and between leaves; Wilson 1959; Herbers 1986; Byrne 1994; Kaspari 1996). Litter was inspected over a white sample tray to catch and to locate stray ants. Litter nests were bagged for later proce ...
... was inspected piece by piece for nests (ant colonies of !100 workers often nest in hollow twigs, acorns, and between leaves; Wilson 1959; Herbers 1986; Byrne 1994; Kaspari 1996). Litter was inspected over a white sample tray to catch and to locate stray ants. Litter nests were bagged for later proce ...
Grassland root communities: species distributions and how they are
... However, important shortcomings are associated with methods typically used to measure root distributions in the field. Excavating roots, perhaps the most common method of examining root distributions, misses fine roots that are usually the most physiologically active. Other studies that rely on morpho ...
... However, important shortcomings are associated with methods typically used to measure root distributions in the field. Excavating roots, perhaps the most common method of examining root distributions, misses fine roots that are usually the most physiologically active. Other studies that rely on morpho ...
Ecological Succession
... • Natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area; can be primary or secondary • The gradual replacement of one plant community by another through natural processes over time ...
... • Natural, gradual changes in the types of species that live in an area; can be primary or secondary • The gradual replacement of one plant community by another through natural processes over time ...
Global journal of biodiversity science and management
... Impact of farm management and physical- chemical soil characteristics on weed species diversification weeds are not only part of fields of biodiversity, but also are able to keep other farmland biodiversity (Marshall et al., 2003).6 -year review were of low-input farms, most dominant weeds were, ann ...
... Impact of farm management and physical- chemical soil characteristics on weed species diversification weeds are not only part of fields of biodiversity, but also are able to keep other farmland biodiversity (Marshall et al., 2003).6 -year review were of low-input farms, most dominant weeds were, ann ...
A generalized model for population dynamics where interactions
... There is an enormous amount of cases where it is exactly the transition from one kind of relation among species, to the opposite one, in which relays the more interesting aspect of them. It happens either when the relation begins as mutualistic and becomes antagonistic, or when the relation begins ...
... There is an enormous amount of cases where it is exactly the transition from one kind of relation among species, to the opposite one, in which relays the more interesting aspect of them. It happens either when the relation begins as mutualistic and becomes antagonistic, or when the relation begins ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... By definition, speciation is the production of new daughter species. For some, speciation means transformation of one species to another (phyletic speciation), an idea championed by Lamarck which is also known as vertical tradition. For others led by Darwin (horizontal tradition), speciation implies ...
... By definition, speciation is the production of new daughter species. For some, speciation means transformation of one species to another (phyletic speciation), an idea championed by Lamarck which is also known as vertical tradition. For others led by Darwin (horizontal tradition), speciation implies ...
network topology and biodiversity loss in food webs: robustness
... undergoing secondary extinctions. The same amount of random removals results in ~20% secondary extinctions in the Grassland web and <10% in the other three webs. Similar results were reported for the taxonomic versions of the latter three webs, including the very extreme fragility of the Scotch Broo ...
... undergoing secondary extinctions. The same amount of random removals results in ~20% secondary extinctions in the Grassland web and <10% in the other three webs. Similar results were reported for the taxonomic versions of the latter three webs, including the very extreme fragility of the Scotch Broo ...
Species-rich ecosystems are vulnerable to cascading extinctions in an increasingly variable world
... in abundance when rare—the so-called invasibility criterion (MacArthur 1972). One of the conditions for this criterion to be fulfilled is that species differ in their response to the environmental variability. On a similar note, it has been argued that intermediate intensity and frequency of disturb ...
... in abundance when rare—the so-called invasibility criterion (MacArthur 1972). One of the conditions for this criterion to be fulfilled is that species differ in their response to the environmental variability. On a similar note, it has been argued that intermediate intensity and frequency of disturb ...
Niche and fitness differences relate the maintenance of
... AP for identifying mechanisms that drive BEF relationships; accordingly, they propose that future ...
... AP for identifying mechanisms that drive BEF relationships; accordingly, they propose that future ...
Species Richness and the Temporal Stability of Biomass Production
... grasslands, substantial effort was often made to minimize spatial heterogeneity across plots, although some year-toyear variation in abiotic conditions like temperature or precipitation was inevitable. Finally, terrestrial experiments typically included more species than their aquatic counterparts ( ...
... grasslands, substantial effort was often made to minimize spatial heterogeneity across plots, although some year-toyear variation in abiotic conditions like temperature or precipitation was inevitable. Finally, terrestrial experiments typically included more species than their aquatic counterparts ( ...
Mutualism, Facilitation, and the Structure of Ecological Communities
... acilitative, or positive, interactions are encounters between organisms that benefit at least one of the participants and cause harm to neither. Such interactions are considered “mutualisms” when both species derive benefit from the interaction. Positive interactions are ubiquitous: They may lie at ...
... acilitative, or positive, interactions are encounters between organisms that benefit at least one of the participants and cause harm to neither. Such interactions are considered “mutualisms” when both species derive benefit from the interaction. Positive interactions are ubiquitous: They may lie at ...
Measuring the diversity of what? And for what purpose?
... of a species in an ecosystem may be measured by simply counting the number of individuals of that species, in which case ai ∈ IN0 . In the example illustrated in Figure 1, aA = (6, 1, 1) and aB = (4, 4), i.e. in system A there are six individuals of species 1 (monarch butterfly), one individual of s ...
... of a species in an ecosystem may be measured by simply counting the number of individuals of that species, in which case ai ∈ IN0 . In the example illustrated in Figure 1, aA = (6, 1, 1) and aB = (4, 4), i.e. in system A there are six individuals of species 1 (monarch butterfly), one individual of s ...
Terrestrial Salamander Monitoring Project
... young … reproductive strategy? • no lungs – respire through skin, must avoid dessication • cold-blooded • territorial and aggressive ...
... young … reproductive strategy? • no lungs – respire through skin, must avoid dessication • cold-blooded • territorial and aggressive ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.