24. Life Beyond Earth: Prospects for Microbes, Civilizations, and
... • Which outer solar system moons seem to be candidates for life, and why? • Europa probably has a deep, subsurface ocean of liquid water, and Ganymede and Callisto might have oceans as well. If so, it is possible that life has arisen and survived in these oceans. Titan may have other liquids on its ...
... • Which outer solar system moons seem to be candidates for life, and why? • Europa probably has a deep, subsurface ocean of liquid water, and Ganymede and Callisto might have oceans as well. If so, it is possible that life has arisen and survived in these oceans. Titan may have other liquids on its ...
The Milky Way
... What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun? • The force of gravity from the Sun • To orbit, a planet at a particular distance from the Sun must have a particular orbital speed. ...
... What keeps the planets in orbit around the Sun? • The force of gravity from the Sun • To orbit, a planet at a particular distance from the Sun must have a particular orbital speed. ...
What is a pulsar planet ? How do planets form ?
... When do planets form ? before explosions ? after explosions ? ...
... When do planets form ? before explosions ? after explosions ? ...
Why Aren`t All Galaxies Barred?
... Although the initial disk of stars in Fig. 3 was in equilibrium, the equilibrium is about as unstable as a pencil balanced on its point. Just as a tiny disturbance will cause the pencil to fall, so a slight clumping of stars will attract more, making the attraction stronger and so dragging in yet m ...
... Although the initial disk of stars in Fig. 3 was in equilibrium, the equilibrium is about as unstable as a pencil balanced on its point. Just as a tiny disturbance will cause the pencil to fall, so a slight clumping of stars will attract more, making the attraction stronger and so dragging in yet m ...
LETTERS A giant planet orbiting the ‘extreme horizontal
... helium in its core and pulsating. The maximum radius of the redgiant precursor of V 391 Pegasi may have reached 0.7 AU, while the orbital distance of the planet during the stellar main-sequence phase is estimated to be about 1 AU. This detection of a planet orbiting a post-red-giant star demonstrate ...
... helium in its core and pulsating. The maximum radius of the redgiant precursor of V 391 Pegasi may have reached 0.7 AU, while the orbital distance of the planet during the stellar main-sequence phase is estimated to be about 1 AU. This detection of a planet orbiting a post-red-giant star demonstrate ...
The First Thousand Exoplanets
... and proportional to the planet mass times the sin of the inclination angle of the orbit. Because of the uncertainty in inclination, a minimum mass is measured and for any sample of planet systems at random orientations the masses will on average be underestimated by a factor of two. Multiple planets ...
... and proportional to the planet mass times the sin of the inclination angle of the orbit. Because of the uncertainty in inclination, a minimum mass is measured and for any sample of planet systems at random orientations the masses will on average be underestimated by a factor of two. Multiple planets ...
Today`s Powerpoint
... black hole the same mass as the Earth if you launched a rocket from a platform 6400 km above the event horizon (1 Earth radii): A: 22 km/s B: 11 km/s C: 6 km/s ...
... black hole the same mass as the Earth if you launched a rocket from a platform 6400 km above the event horizon (1 Earth radii): A: 22 km/s B: 11 km/s C: 6 km/s ...
Planets beyond the solar system
... • First extrasolar planet was discovered around a neutron star in 1991 • First extrasolar planet orbiting a normal star was found in 1995 by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz of the Geneva Observatory in Switzerland orbiting the star 51 Pegasi • 336 candidate planets have been discovered orbiting 286 d ...
... • First extrasolar planet was discovered around a neutron star in 1991 • First extrasolar planet orbiting a normal star was found in 1995 by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz of the Geneva Observatory in Switzerland orbiting the star 51 Pegasi • 336 candidate planets have been discovered orbiting 286 d ...
Measuring the mass of galaxies Luminous matter in a
... Measuring the mass of galaxies Luminous matter in a galaxy: • stars (of different masses) • gas (mostly hydrogen) Can detect these directly using optical and radio telescopes - get an estimate of how much mass they contain BUT… also non-luminous matter which we can’t see directly. Example that we kn ...
... Measuring the mass of galaxies Luminous matter in a galaxy: • stars (of different masses) • gas (mostly hydrogen) Can detect these directly using optical and radio telescopes - get an estimate of how much mass they contain BUT… also non-luminous matter which we can’t see directly. Example that we kn ...
Which planet has never been orbited or flown past by a
... • With the deaths of stars, we have to say goodbye to NGC 6397, complete with funeral (see main presentation) • For the remainder of the semester, we focus on galaxies and cosmology, for which there are numerous HST images to exemplify the concepts. • My particular favorites are the Hubble Deep Fiel ...
... • With the deaths of stars, we have to say goodbye to NGC 6397, complete with funeral (see main presentation) • For the remainder of the semester, we focus on galaxies and cosmology, for which there are numerous HST images to exemplify the concepts. • My particular favorites are the Hubble Deep Fiel ...
Stars
... also run out of hydrogen, and expand to the Red Giant stage. This is also about three times the size of the original star. Once the small/medium stars run out of gas, they will Nova and end up as White Dwarfs. In this stage, the stars slowly burn out. Mrs. Degl ...
... also run out of hydrogen, and expand to the Red Giant stage. This is also about three times the size of the original star. Once the small/medium stars run out of gas, they will Nova and end up as White Dwarfs. In this stage, the stars slowly burn out. Mrs. Degl ...
PLANETS
... It has a very large field of view for an astronomical telescope —105 square degrees— or about the area of both your hands held at arm's length, in order to observe the necessary large number of stars. It stares at the same star field for the entire mission and continuously and simultaneously monitor ...
... It has a very large field of view for an astronomical telescope —105 square degrees— or about the area of both your hands held at arm's length, in order to observe the necessary large number of stars. It stares at the same star field for the entire mission and continuously and simultaneously monitor ...
Testing
... themselves • Indirect: Measurements of stellar properties revealing the effects of orbiting planets ...
... themselves • Indirect: Measurements of stellar properties revealing the effects of orbiting planets ...
Sample Answer Sheet for The 10 Tourist Wonders of the
... Website: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/37/image/a/ Justification: Massive stars end their lives in huge explosions that astronomers call supernovae. As much as 90% of the star’s material can be thrown off during the explosion and, in the process, new (heavier) elements are m ...
... Website: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2005/37/image/a/ Justification: Massive stars end their lives in huge explosions that astronomers call supernovae. As much as 90% of the star’s material can be thrown off during the explosion and, in the process, new (heavier) elements are m ...
Sirius Astronomer - Orange County Astronomers
... GJ1214b, and was discovered in 2009. Observations soon after showed that it has an atmosphere of water vapor. New HST observations in infrared showed that the whole atmosphere seems to be water vapor, not just a haze layer of water. Since it is a transiting planet (passes in front of its star), astr ...
... GJ1214b, and was discovered in 2009. Observations soon after showed that it has an atmosphere of water vapor. New HST observations in infrared showed that the whole atmosphere seems to be water vapor, not just a haze layer of water. Since it is a transiting planet (passes in front of its star), astr ...
Stars and the Milky Way
... • the Milky Way is one of billions of galaxies in the universe • the Milky Way is made up of over 200 billion stars Other facts about the Milky Way • The Sun is just one of the stars in the Milky Way. • It is called the Milky Way because when astronomers looked up at the sky, they saw a line of ligh ...
... • the Milky Way is one of billions of galaxies in the universe • the Milky Way is made up of over 200 billion stars Other facts about the Milky Way • The Sun is just one of the stars in the Milky Way. • It is called the Milky Way because when astronomers looked up at the sky, they saw a line of ligh ...
Cubs worksheet
... If you can’t see yourself, you’re too close! Move backwards from the screen! 2. What colour shows (a) the hottest things? ________________________________ (b) the coolest things? ________________________________ 3. Which part of you looks the hottest? ______________________________________ Near the ...
... If you can’t see yourself, you’re too close! Move backwards from the screen! 2. What colour shows (a) the hottest things? ________________________________ (b) the coolest things? ________________________________ 3. Which part of you looks the hottest? ______________________________________ Near the ...
Watching Galaxies Form Near the Beginning of Time
... always see things after they have happened–a delay of 8 minutes for the Sun and about 12 billion years for the most distant galaxies we can observe. In other words, ...
... always see things after they have happened–a delay of 8 minutes for the Sun and about 12 billion years for the most distant galaxies we can observe. In other words, ...
Flagship imaging SAG report
... Objective 11: Understand the time evolution of circumstellar disk properties around a wider star sample at greater distances, from early protoplanetary stages through mature main sequence debris disks. Discussion These Objectives are not prioritized, but represent three broad categories of science i ...
... Objective 11: Understand the time evolution of circumstellar disk properties around a wider star sample at greater distances, from early protoplanetary stages through mature main sequence debris disks. Discussion These Objectives are not prioritized, but represent three broad categories of science i ...
Stars Study Guide KEY
... *7. Which stars live the longest, high-mass or low-mass? Low Mass Stars live longer. Why? They have less self-gravity which means they burn through their fuel slower. 8. What will happen to our star, the Sun, at the end of its life? The sun will expand in the Red Giant phase, then will release its o ...
... *7. Which stars live the longest, high-mass or low-mass? Low Mass Stars live longer. Why? They have less self-gravity which means they burn through their fuel slower. 8. What will happen to our star, the Sun, at the end of its life? The sun will expand in the Red Giant phase, then will release its o ...
Page 25 - Types of Galaxies
... • Edwin Hubble classified galaxies into four major types: A) spiral B) barred spiral C) elliptical D) irregular • Most galaxies are spirals, barred spirals, or ellipticals. • Earth can be found in the Milky Way Galaxy, which is a spiral galaxy ...
... • Edwin Hubble classified galaxies into four major types: A) spiral B) barred spiral C) elliptical D) irregular • Most galaxies are spirals, barred spirals, or ellipticals. • Earth can be found in the Milky Way Galaxy, which is a spiral galaxy ...
The Hubble Space Telescope - the first 10 years
... • Thanks to the Hubble Space Telescope we have a picture in which our universe formed 10 billion years ago and 2 billion years into this the galaxies formed through mergers of smaller building blocks into the large and well ordered galaxies we see around us today - this new perspective into our Univ ...
... • Thanks to the Hubble Space Telescope we have a picture in which our universe formed 10 billion years ago and 2 billion years into this the galaxies formed through mergers of smaller building blocks into the large and well ordered galaxies we see around us today - this new perspective into our Univ ...
Main-sequence stars - Stellar Populations
... Life expectancy of 10 MSun star: 10 times as much fuel, uses it 10,000 times as fast 10 million years ~ 10 billion years x 10 / 10,000 Life expectancy of 0.1 MSun star: 0.1 times as much fuel, uses it 0.01 times as fast 100 billion years ~ 10 billion years x 0.1 / 0.01 ...
... Life expectancy of 10 MSun star: 10 times as much fuel, uses it 10,000 times as fast 10 million years ~ 10 billion years x 10 / 10,000 Life expectancy of 0.1 MSun star: 0.1 times as much fuel, uses it 0.01 times as fast 100 billion years ~ 10 billion years x 0.1 / 0.01 ...
Space Interferometry Mission
The Space Interferometry Mission, or SIM, also known as SIM Lite (formerly known as SIM PlanetQuest), was a planned space telescope developed by the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), in conjunction with contractor Northrop Grumman. One of the main goals of the mission was the hunt for Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of nearby stars other than the Sun. SIM was postponed several times and finally cancelled in 2010.In addition to hunting for extrasolar planets, SIM would have helped astronomers construct a map of the Milky Way galaxy. Other important tasks would have included collecting data to help pinpoint stellar masses for specific types of stars, assisting in the determination of the spatial distribution of dark matter in the Milky Way and in the Local Group of galaxies and using the gravitational microlensing effect to measure the mass of stars.The spacecraft would have used optical interferometry to accomplish these and other scientific goals. This technique collects light with multiple mirrors (in SIM's case, two) which is combined to make an interference pattern which can be very precisely measured.The initial contracts for SIM Lite were awarded in 1998, totaling US$200 million. Work on the SIM project required scientists and engineers to move through eight specific new technology milestones, and by November 2006, all eight had been completed.SIM Lite was originally scheduled for a 2005 launch, aboard an Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV). As a result of continued budget cuts, the launch date has been pushed back at least five times. NASA has set a preliminary launch date for 2015 and U.S. federal budget documents confirm that a launch date is expected ""no earlier"" than 2015. The budget cuts to SIM Lite are expected to continue through FY 2010. As of February 2007, many of the engineers working on the SIM program had moved on to other areas and projects, and NASA directed the project to allocate its resources toward engineering risk reduction. However, the preliminary budget for NASA for 2008 included zero dollars for SIM.In December 2007, the Congress restored funding for fiscal year 2008 as part of an omnibus appropriations bill which the President later signed. At the same time the Congress directed NASA to move the mission forward to the development phase. In 2009 the project continued its risk reduction work while waiting for the findings and recommendations of the Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey, Astro2010, performed by the National Academy of Sciences, which would determine the project's future.On 13 August 2010, the Astro2010 Decadal Report was released and did not recommend that NASA continue the development of the SIM Lite Astrometric Observatory. This prompted NASA Astronomy and Physics Director, Jon Morse, to issue a letter on 24 September 2010 to the SIM Lite project manager, informing him that NASA was discontinuing its sponsorship of the SIM Lite mission and directing the project to discontinue Phase B activities immediately or as soon as practical. Accordingly, all SIM Lite activities were closed down by the end of calendar year 2010.