lecture 32 orbits
... even move backwards with respect to the surrounding stars (retrograde motion). During a planet’s retrograde motion, it appeared brighter than at other times. This suggested to the Greeks that the planet was closer to Earth during its retrograde motion. ...
... even move backwards with respect to the surrounding stars (retrograde motion). During a planet’s retrograde motion, it appeared brighter than at other times. This suggested to the Greeks that the planet was closer to Earth during its retrograde motion. ...
`Anthropocene` Is Here—But It Began Long Ago
... freezes out to an inner boundary within which the greenhouse would overheat, as may have happened on Venus. In the case of the Kepler-62 system, The Kepler spacecraft has achieved plenty of The planets range from half the size of Earth only Kepler-62f—super-Earth-size at 1.41 milestones in the 4 yea ...
... freezes out to an inner boundary within which the greenhouse would overheat, as may have happened on Venus. In the case of the Kepler-62 system, The Kepler spacecraft has achieved plenty of The planets range from half the size of Earth only Kepler-62f—super-Earth-size at 1.41 milestones in the 4 yea ...
Early Observers (The Beginnings of Astronomy)
... Planets traveled in smaller circular paths as they traveled around the Earth (epicycles and deferents) Popular model of universe for 1,500 years. ...
... Planets traveled in smaller circular paths as they traveled around the Earth (epicycles and deferents) Popular model of universe for 1,500 years. ...
Archaeologists Say the `Anthropocene` Is Here—But It Began Long
... freezes out to an inner boundary within which the greenhouse would overheat, as may have happened on Venus. In the case of the Kepler-62 system, The Kepler spacecraft has achieved plenty of The planets range from half the size of Earth only Kepler-62f—super-Earth-size at 1.41 milestones in the 4 yea ...
... freezes out to an inner boundary within which the greenhouse would overheat, as may have happened on Venus. In the case of the Kepler-62 system, The Kepler spacecraft has achieved plenty of The planets range from half the size of Earth only Kepler-62f—super-Earth-size at 1.41 milestones in the 4 yea ...
Episode 14: Planetary paths-2
... was a turning point in Tycho’s life; he decided to take upon himself the task of making accurate observations of the sky to correct the existing tables. And that involved years of dedicated observation from an observatory Tycho built in 1571. An important discovery made by Tycho was that of a ‘nova’ ...
... was a turning point in Tycho’s life; he decided to take upon himself the task of making accurate observations of the sky to correct the existing tables. And that involved years of dedicated observation from an observatory Tycho built in 1571. An important discovery made by Tycho was that of a ‘nova’ ...
Aristotle to Newton
... (and Moon smaller), so guessed that Earth orbits the Sun. Also guessed Earth spins on its axis once a day => apparent motion of stars. Aristotle: But there's no wind or parallax. Difficulty with Aristotle's "Geocentric" model: "Retrograde motion of the planets". ...
... (and Moon smaller), so guessed that Earth orbits the Sun. Also guessed Earth spins on its axis once a day => apparent motion of stars. Aristotle: But there's no wind or parallax. Difficulty with Aristotle's "Geocentric" model: "Retrograde motion of the planets". ...
Document
... • A hypothesis that explains this: the earth is round • A prediction of this theory is that the location of the stars in the sky should be different for observers at different latitudes • This is confirmed by additional observations – E.g. Canopus is visible in Egypt but not further north ...
... • A hypothesis that explains this: the earth is round • A prediction of this theory is that the location of the stars in the sky should be different for observers at different latitudes • This is confirmed by additional observations – E.g. Canopus is visible in Egypt but not further north ...
Document
... Planets are everywhere! Other solar systems are NOT like our own! Hot Jupiters (how did those get there?) Super-Earths Hot Neptunes Many more questions... ...
... Planets are everywhere! Other solar systems are NOT like our own! Hot Jupiters (how did those get there?) Super-Earths Hot Neptunes Many more questions... ...
Name__________________________________________ J
... o Used perfect circles to represent the orbits of the planets. There was a problem though! The planets seemed to stray from their predicted positions….wonder why? SEE KEPLER! Brahe - 1546-1601 (Denmark) Brahe’s observations, especially of Mars, were far more precise than any made previously. T ...
... o Used perfect circles to represent the orbits of the planets. There was a problem though! The planets seemed to stray from their predicted positions….wonder why? SEE KEPLER! Brahe - 1546-1601 (Denmark) Brahe’s observations, especially of Mars, were far more precise than any made previously. T ...
The Copernican Model (1543)
... ......and this gives rise to the seasons. The inclination direction slowly changes The Precession Period is about 25,700 years (cf. Hipparchus) ...
... ......and this gives rise to the seasons. The inclination direction slowly changes The Precession Period is about 25,700 years (cf. Hipparchus) ...
Motion of stars, planets
... • For heliocentric – Simplified retrograde motion, but epicycles were necessary to account for the planets’ changing speed – The distances to the planets could be measured. These distances were ordered, and therefore aesthetically pleasing to the philosophy of the day ...
... • For heliocentric – Simplified retrograde motion, but epicycles were necessary to account for the planets’ changing speed – The distances to the planets could be measured. These distances were ordered, and therefore aesthetically pleasing to the philosophy of the day ...
The Newtonian Revolution: The discovery of natural law
... Of course, one can jam a nail through the Earth and COMPEL the rest of the Solar System to do ALL of the moving… • As observations improved after Ptolemy’s death, this is what forced epicycles on top of epicycles, and deferrents away from the centers. • His construction is essentially what we would ...
... Of course, one can jam a nail through the Earth and COMPEL the rest of the Solar System to do ALL of the moving… • As observations improved after Ptolemy’s death, this is what forced epicycles on top of epicycles, and deferrents away from the centers. • His construction is essentially what we would ...
Document
... should swept-up equal areas in any given period of time. [1A] It means that when Halley is furthest away from the Sun, its speed must be lower than the speed it has when it is closest to the Sun. [1A] Therefore, Kc – Kf > 0。 [1A] ...
... should swept-up equal areas in any given period of time. [1A] It means that when Halley is furthest away from the Sun, its speed must be lower than the speed it has when it is closest to the Sun. [1A] Therefore, Kc – Kf > 0。 [1A] ...
Quantum Well Electron Gain Structures and Infrared Detector Arrays
... an orbital signature with amplitude = 50 m/s in a 4.23day period around star 51 Pegasi • Mass = 0.5 MJUP First extra-solar planet ...
... an orbital signature with amplitude = 50 m/s in a 4.23day period around star 51 Pegasi • Mass = 0.5 MJUP First extra-solar planet ...
Planet Questions
... __________________1. The main component of the atmosphere of Venus is ? __________________2. The longest day is on the planet ? __________________3. The mean distance from the earth to the sun is called a ? __________________4. The longest year is on the planet ? __________________5. The largest pla ...
... __________________1. The main component of the atmosphere of Venus is ? __________________2. The longest day is on the planet ? __________________3. The mean distance from the earth to the sun is called a ? __________________4. The longest year is on the planet ? __________________5. The largest pla ...
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... closer to the Sun overtake planets further away, indicating heliocentric model • Calculated distances to other planets based on an astronomical unit (AU) • Showed that the universe was much, much larger than thought. People began thinking other stars might be suns with other planets orbiting them. ...
... closer to the Sun overtake planets further away, indicating heliocentric model • Calculated distances to other planets based on an astronomical unit (AU) • Showed that the universe was much, much larger than thought. People began thinking other stars might be suns with other planets orbiting them. ...
Document
... • Why is asteroseismology important to the primary science goal of Kepler? • Transit only gives radius of planet relative to the unknown stellar radius ...
... • Why is asteroseismology important to the primary science goal of Kepler? • Transit only gives radius of planet relative to the unknown stellar radius ...
cosmogony
... 1: Compare and contrast the Ptolemaic and Copernican cosmologies by explaining a variety of naked-eye observations, using both models. 2: State Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion and describe the geometric content and observational consequences of each. 3: List Galileo’s telescopic observations ...
... 1: Compare and contrast the Ptolemaic and Copernican cosmologies by explaining a variety of naked-eye observations, using both models. 2: State Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion and describe the geometric content and observational consequences of each. 3: List Galileo’s telescopic observations ...
Questions to answer - high school teachers at CERN
... Exact methods of finding distances Exact but only for near objects ...
... Exact methods of finding distances Exact but only for near objects ...
31_Finding Earths
... Otherwise change in velocity of star is too small to measure. Lost in turbulence of star surface. Transit searches most sensitive to large planets orbiting close in. Otherwise unlikely to be exactly edge on and drop in brightness of star during transit will be very small. We can and have found Jupit ...
... Otherwise change in velocity of star is too small to measure. Lost in turbulence of star surface. Transit searches most sensitive to large planets orbiting close in. Otherwise unlikely to be exactly edge on and drop in brightness of star during transit will be very small. We can and have found Jupit ...
04 Aug 2007
... exist. At least for life resembling our own, liquid water is essential. The average temperature on Gliese 581 is estimated to be between 32 and 104 degrees Fahrenheit. However, any number of details could prevent life: The planet might have no atmosphere, or too thick an atmosphere, or happen to ha ...
... exist. At least for life resembling our own, liquid water is essential. The average temperature on Gliese 581 is estimated to be between 32 and 104 degrees Fahrenheit. However, any number of details could prevent life: The planet might have no atmosphere, or too thick an atmosphere, or happen to ha ...
Navigating by the Stars
... In the sixteenth century, most people believed in the ideas of the ancient astronomer Ptolemy, that the planets, Moon, and Sun all orbited around the Earth. Then in 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the idea that the planets and the Earth orbited around the Sun. However, Copernicus' new theory was ...
... In the sixteenth century, most people believed in the ideas of the ancient astronomer Ptolemy, that the planets, Moon, and Sun all orbited around the Earth. Then in 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus proposed the idea that the planets and the Earth orbited around the Sun. However, Copernicus' new theory was ...
How many planets are there in the galaxy?
... massive they are. In the case of the transit method, planets are detected when they pass directly in front of their star, causing it to dim. Here, size and mass are estimated based on the level of dimming. In the course of its mission, the Kepler mission has observed about 150,000 stars, which durin ...
... massive they are. In the case of the transit method, planets are detected when they pass directly in front of their star, causing it to dim. Here, size and mass are estimated based on the level of dimming. In the course of its mission, the Kepler mission has observed about 150,000 stars, which durin ...
etlife_douglas_ewart_short
... Could some of those planets be like the Earth? Most planets we’ve found so far are ‘hot Jupiters’: gas giants, much bigger and closer to their parent star than the Earth is to the Sun. ...
... Could some of those planets be like the Earth? Most planets we’ve found so far are ‘hot Jupiters’: gas giants, much bigger and closer to their parent star than the Earth is to the Sun. ...
Another Earth in the Universe
... By analysing the collected data, we know that the planet’s radius is about 1.1 times that of the Earth and currently its mass is being determined. This datum is essential in order to evaluate the density of the planet and therefore understand if it is rocky or gaseous. More precisely, a distinction ...
... By analysing the collected data, we know that the planet’s radius is about 1.1 times that of the Earth and currently its mass is being determined. This datum is essential in order to evaluate the density of the planet and therefore understand if it is rocky or gaseous. More precisely, a distinction ...
Kepler (spacecraft)
Kepler is a space observatory launched by NASA to discover Earth-like planets orbiting other stars. The spacecraft, named after the German Renaissance astronomer Johannes Kepler, was launched on March 7, 2009.Designed to survey a portion of our region of the Milky Way to discover dozens of Earth-size extrasolar planets in or near the habitable zone and estimate how many of the billions of stars in the Milky Way have such planets, Kepler's sole instrument is a photometer that continually monitors the brightness of over 145,000 main sequence stars in a fixed field of view. This data is transmitted to Earth, then analyzed to detect periodic dimming caused by extrasolar planets that cross in front of their host star.Kepler is part of NASA's Discovery Program of relatively low-cost, focused primary science missions. The telescope's construction and initial operation were managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, with Ball Aerospace responsible for developing the Kepler flight system. The Ames Research Center is responsible for the ground system development, mission operations since December 2009, and scientific data analysis. The initial planned lifetime was 3.5 years, but greater-than-expected noise in the data, from both the stars and the spacecraft, meant additional time was needed to fulfill all mission goals. Initially, in 2012, the mission was expected to last until 2016, but this would only have been possible if all remaining reaction wheels used for pointing the spacecraft remained reliable. On May 11, 2013, a second of four reaction wheels failed, disabling the collection of science data and threatening the continuation of the mission.On August 15, 2013, NASA announced that they had given up trying to fix the two failed reaction wheels. This meant the current mission needed to be modified, but it did not necessarily mean the end of planet-hunting. NASA had asked the space science community to propose alternative mission plans ""potentially including an exoplanet search, using the remaining two good reaction wheels and thrusters"". On November 18, 2013, the K2 ""Second Light"" proposal was reported. This would include utilizing the disabled Kepler in a way that could detect habitable planets around smaller, dimmer red dwarfs. On May 16, 2014, NASA announced the approval of the K2 extension.As of January 2015, Kepler and its follow-up observations had found 1,013 confirmed exoplanets in about 440 stellar systems, along with a further 3,199 unconfirmed planet candidates. Four planets have been confirmed through Kepler 's K2 mission. In November 2013, astronomers reported, based on Kepler space mission data, that there could be as many as 40 billion Earth-sized planets orbiting in the habitable zones of Sun-like stars and red dwarfs within the Milky Way. It is estimated that 11 billion of these planets may be orbiting Sun-like stars. The nearest such planet may be 3.7 parsecs (12 ly) away, according to the scientists.On January 6, 2015, NASA announced the 1000th confirmed exoplanet discovered by the Kepler Space Telescope. Four of the newly confirmed exoplanets were found to orbit within habitable zones of their related stars: three of the four, Kepler-438b, Kepler-442b and Kepler-452b, are near-Earth-size and likely rocky; the fourth, Kepler-440b, is a super-Earth.