Evolution of Comets Into Asteroids - SwRI Boulder
... objects could be of cometary origin. The problem is not a simple one. The chaotic nature of the dynamical evolution of objects in planet-crossing orbits, as well as nongravitational accelerations on comets caused by outgassing, make it impossible to track orbits accurately backwards (or forwards) i ...
... objects could be of cometary origin. The problem is not a simple one. The chaotic nature of the dynamical evolution of objects in planet-crossing orbits, as well as nongravitational accelerations on comets caused by outgassing, make it impossible to track orbits accurately backwards (or forwards) i ...
chapter16StarBirth
... • Gravity can create stars only if it can overcome the force of thermal pressure in a cloud • Emission lines from molecules in a cloud can prevent a pressure buildup by converting thermal energy into infrared and radio photons ...
... • Gravity can create stars only if it can overcome the force of thermal pressure in a cloud • Emission lines from molecules in a cloud can prevent a pressure buildup by converting thermal energy into infrared and radio photons ...
CHP 25
... c. are only found in the outer layers of asteroids and not in the core. d. are very volatile and evaporated from the asteroids before they could decay. e. are only found on rocks that formed on the earth and in no other celestial objects. The iron meteorites a. represent the largest number of falls. ...
... c. are only found in the outer layers of asteroids and not in the core. d. are very volatile and evaporated from the asteroids before they could decay. e. are only found on rocks that formed on the earth and in no other celestial objects. The iron meteorites a. represent the largest number of falls. ...
Jupiter – friend or foe? II: the Centaurs Accepted for publication in
... showed that in systems containing bodies which grew only to the size of, say, Uranus and Neptune, the impact flux from comets originating in the Oort Cloud1, experienced by any terrestrial planet, would be a factor of a thousand times greater than that seen today in our System, as a direct result of ...
... showed that in systems containing bodies which grew only to the size of, say, Uranus and Neptune, the impact flux from comets originating in the Oort Cloud1, experienced by any terrestrial planet, would be a factor of a thousand times greater than that seen today in our System, as a direct result of ...
Joining the Party - Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School
... moving more slowly and tend to be further apart. That is, the gas is at a low temperature and a low pressure. The protons have enough time, and space, to avoid each other. ...
... moving more slowly and tend to be further apart. That is, the gas is at a low temperature and a low pressure. The protons have enough time, and space, to avoid each other. ...
Presentation in PDF format.
... But is astronomical change on such historical timescales possible? ...
... But is astronomical change on such historical timescales possible? ...
File - Zemali Salem
... are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, They all have roughly circular orbits in the same direction, and most have at least one moon. They vary widely in size, temperature, composition, and distance from the sun. The solar system contains billions of comets, but most of th ...
... are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, They all have roughly circular orbits in the same direction, and most have at least one moon. They vary widely in size, temperature, composition, and distance from the sun. The solar system contains billions of comets, but most of th ...
Comets in ancient India
... The above discussion makes it clear that for the seers of antiquity, the night sky and its attendants were sacred. It is highly unlikely that comets of the past would have gone unnoticed. Asko Parpola (2009) has drawn attention to a late Rigvedic verse that speaks of an Indian fig tree whose aerial ...
... The above discussion makes it clear that for the seers of antiquity, the night sky and its attendants were sacred. It is highly unlikely that comets of the past would have gone unnoticed. Asko Parpola (2009) has drawn attention to a late Rigvedic verse that speaks of an Indian fig tree whose aerial ...
Lecture14
... There are about a million asteroids with a diameter greater than 1 km The largest asteroid is Ceres and was the first to be discovered in 1801 ...
... There are about a million asteroids with a diameter greater than 1 km The largest asteroid is Ceres and was the first to be discovered in 1801 ...
New Horizons - Montgomery College
... By far the smallest planet. Not a gas giant like other outer planets. Has an icy composition like a comet. Has a very elliptical, inclined orbit. Pluto has more in common with comets than with the eight major planets ...
... By far the smallest planet. Not a gas giant like other outer planets. Has an icy composition like a comet. Has a very elliptical, inclined orbit. Pluto has more in common with comets than with the eight major planets ...
Word doc - UC-HiPACC - University of California, Santa Cruz
... common set of genes,” said Mark Krumholz, associate professor at University of California, Santa Cruz. The pattern of abundances, set at birth, is consistent regardless of an individual star’s spectral type. But most stellar families don’t stay together: stars don’t form fast enough for them to rema ...
... common set of genes,” said Mark Krumholz, associate professor at University of California, Santa Cruz. The pattern of abundances, set at birth, is consistent regardless of an individual star’s spectral type. But most stellar families don’t stay together: stars don’t form fast enough for them to rema ...
Asteroids The Asteroid Belt Composition and Classification
... available for direct study Using radioactive dating, the average age of meteorites is between 4.54 ± 0.1 billion years Q ...
... available for direct study Using radioactive dating, the average age of meteorites is between 4.54 ± 0.1 billion years Q ...
Chapter 16 Star Birth
... • Elements like carbon and oxygen had not yet been made when the first stars formed • Without CO molecules to provide cooling, the clouds that formed the first stars had to be considerably warmer than today’s molecular clouds • The first stars must therefore have been more massive than most of today ...
... • Elements like carbon and oxygen had not yet been made when the first stars formed • Without CO molecules to provide cooling, the clouds that formed the first stars had to be considerably warmer than today’s molecular clouds • The first stars must therefore have been more massive than most of today ...
Chapter 16 Star Birth Where do stars form? Star
... • Elements like carbon and oxygen had not yet been made when the first stars formed • Without CO molecules to provide cooling, the clouds that formed the first stars had to be considerably warmer than today’s molecular clouds • The first stars must therefore have been more massive than most of today ...
... • Elements like carbon and oxygen had not yet been made when the first stars formed • Without CO molecules to provide cooling, the clouds that formed the first stars had to be considerably warmer than today’s molecular clouds • The first stars must therefore have been more massive than most of today ...
Cosmochemistry from Nanometers to Light- Years A Written by
... other primitive materials that formed in the solar nebula before the planets formed. We have known for a long time that the CAIs were the oldest solids to form in the solar nebula, but it was not clear if chondrules formed at the same time, or later, and if later, how much later? Age-dating wizards ...
... other primitive materials that formed in the solar nebula before the planets formed. We have known for a long time that the CAIs were the oldest solids to form in the solar nebula, but it was not clear if chondrules formed at the same time, or later, and if later, how much later? Age-dating wizards ...
Jupiter – friend or foe? II: the Centaurs
... work with a known, albeit modified, system, rather than a theoretical construct. For a flux of objects moving inwards from the Edgeworth–Kuiper belt, this does not seem unreasonable – by choosing a population of objects well beyond the ‘Jupiter ’ in our simulations, with initial perihelia between 17 a ...
... work with a known, albeit modified, system, rather than a theoretical construct. For a flux of objects moving inwards from the Edgeworth–Kuiper belt, this does not seem unreasonable – by choosing a population of objects well beyond the ‘Jupiter ’ in our simulations, with initial perihelia between 17 a ...
Chapter 8 Formation of the Solar System What properties of our
... formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar gas cloud—the solar nebula ...
... formed from the gravitational collapse of a giant interstellar gas cloud—the solar nebula ...
Lecture #33: Solar System Origin I The Main Point What is a
... All of the planets orbit the Sun in roughly the same plane (the ecliptic), which is very close to the Sun's equatorial plane. The orbits of the major planets are nearly circular. Planets, asteroids, and most comets circle the Sun counter-clockwise as viewed from “above” (exceptions: some comets). Th ...
... All of the planets orbit the Sun in roughly the same plane (the ecliptic), which is very close to the Sun's equatorial plane. The orbits of the major planets are nearly circular. Planets, asteroids, and most comets circle the Sun counter-clockwise as viewed from “above” (exceptions: some comets). Th ...
chapter16StarBirth
... Thought Question What would happen to a contracting cloud fragment if it were not able to radiate away its thermal energy? A. It would continue contracting, but its temperature would not change B. Its mass would increase C. Its internal pressure would increase ...
... Thought Question What would happen to a contracting cloud fragment if it were not able to radiate away its thermal energy? A. It would continue contracting, but its temperature would not change B. Its mass would increase C. Its internal pressure would increase ...
Embedded star clusters and the formation of the Oort Cloud
... In 1950 Jan Hendrik Oort observed that comets with long periods have their semi-major axes concentrated near a ∼ 104 AU. He therefore proposed that the Sun is surrounded by a spherical cloud of comets whose semi-major axes are of order a ∼ 104 AU (Oort, 1950). In his model, planetary perturbations w ...
... In 1950 Jan Hendrik Oort observed that comets with long periods have their semi-major axes concentrated near a ∼ 104 AU. He therefore proposed that the Sun is surrounded by a spherical cloud of comets whose semi-major axes are of order a ∼ 104 AU (Oort, 1950). In his model, planetary perturbations w ...
Artificial comets
... dust tail. The comet’s activity, the emission of gases, begins and ends at a distance of 3 astronomical units1 between Sun and comet. ...
... dust tail. The comet’s activity, the emission of gases, begins and ends at a distance of 3 astronomical units1 between Sun and comet. ...
The Origin of the Solar System and Other Planetary Systems
... between two planetesimals, where much of the mantle was lost. 2. Two large bodies may have merged to form Venus. 3. Earth–Moon system may have formed after a collision. 4. A late collision may have caused Mars’ north–south asymmetry and stripped most of its atmosphere. 5. Uranus’ tilted axis may be ...
... between two planetesimals, where much of the mantle was lost. 2. Two large bodies may have merged to form Venus. 3. Earth–Moon system may have formed after a collision. 4. A late collision may have caused Mars’ north–south asymmetry and stripped most of its atmosphere. 5. Uranus’ tilted axis may be ...
Universe Now - Course Pages of Physics Department
... • The formation theory has to explain currently observed dynamical and physical properties of different objects in the Solar System: – Orbits of the planets are nearly circular and nearly in the equatorial plane of the Sun (but not exactly!). – The planets are orbiting in the same direction (also t ...
... • The formation theory has to explain currently observed dynamical and physical properties of different objects in the Solar System: – Orbits of the planets are nearly circular and nearly in the equatorial plane of the Sun (but not exactly!). – The planets are orbiting in the same direction (also t ...
Oort cloud
The Oort cloud (/ˈɔrt/ or /ˈʊərt/) or Öpik–Oort cloud, named after Dutch astronomer Jan Oort and Estonian astronomer Ernst Öpik, is a theoretical spherical cloud of predominantly icy planetesimals believed to surround the Sun at a distance of up to around 100,000 AU (2 ly). This places it at almost half of the distance to Proxima Centauri, the nearest star to the Sun, and in interstellar space. The Kuiper belt and the scattered disc, the other two reservoirs of trans-Neptunian objects, are less than one thousandth as far from the Sun as the Oort cloud. The outer limit of the Oort cloud defines the cosmographical boundary of the Solar System and the region of the Sun's gravitational dominance.The Oort cloud is thought to comprise two regions: a spherical outer Oort cloud and a disc-shaped inner Oort cloud, or Hills cloud. Objects in the Oort cloud are largely composed of ices, such as water, ammonia, and methane.Astronomers conjecture that the matter composing the Oort cloud formed closer to the Sun and was scattered far into space by the gravitational effects of the giant planets early in the Solar System's evolution. Although no confirmed direct observations of the Oort cloud have been made, it may be the source of all long-period and Halley-type comets entering the inner Solar System, and many of the centaurs and Jupiter-family comets as well. The outer Oort cloud is only loosely bound to the Solar System, and thus is easily affected by the gravitational pull both of passing stars and of the Milky Way itself. These forces occasionally dislodge comets from their orbits within the cloud and send them towards the inner Solar System. Based on their orbits, most of the short-period comets may come from the scattered disc, but some may still have originated from the Oort cloud.