Meet the Dwarf Planets Pluto: The Demoted Former Planet
... For three-quarters of a century, schoolkids learned that our solar system has nine planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. But things changed five years ago. On Aug. 24, 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) struck Pluto from the list, demoting it ...
... For three-quarters of a century, schoolkids learned that our solar system has nine planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune and Pluto. But things changed five years ago. On Aug. 24, 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) struck Pluto from the list, demoting it ...
Lecture #33: Solar System Origin I The Main Point What is a
... changes in planetary composition with solar distance. • "Lewis Model"; more details in Lecture 34. ...
... changes in planetary composition with solar distance. • "Lewis Model"; more details in Lecture 34. ...
planets suitable for life
... The number 4 x 106 still seems to be an optimistic estimate, if giant Moon is necessary to make Earth suitable for life. The same number could well be a pessimistic estimate, if migration of Jovian planets is not so common a phenomenon in reality. Recent progress in theory of planet formation and di ...
... The number 4 x 106 still seems to be an optimistic estimate, if giant Moon is necessary to make Earth suitable for life. The same number could well be a pessimistic estimate, if migration of Jovian planets is not so common a phenomenon in reality. Recent progress in theory of planet formation and di ...
10. Exoplanets
... • Close gravitational encounters between two massive planets can eject one planet while flinging the other into a highly elliptical orbit. • Multiple close encounters with smaller planetesimals can also cause inward migration. ...
... • Close gravitational encounters between two massive planets can eject one planet while flinging the other into a highly elliptical orbit. • Multiple close encounters with smaller planetesimals can also cause inward migration. ...
A brief history of extra-solar planets - X
... A brief history of extra-solar planets • In the 16th century the Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno said that the fixed stars are really suns like our own, with planets going round them • 1991 Radio astronomers Alex Wolszczan & Dale Frail discovered planets around a pulsar PSR1257+12 – Variations i ...
... A brief history of extra-solar planets • In the 16th century the Italian philosopher Giordano Bruno said that the fixed stars are really suns like our own, with planets going round them • 1991 Radio astronomers Alex Wolszczan & Dale Frail discovered planets around a pulsar PSR1257+12 – Variations i ...
Planets of Our, and Other, Solar Systems
... “Slow” Core Accretion goes faster when gravity gets strong enough, but… • Once the core grows past ~0.5-1 mile across, gravity becomes significant and accelerates the process. • Growth rate goes as radius to the 4th power (for constant density). • So, those cores which get to the self-gravity point ...
... “Slow” Core Accretion goes faster when gravity gets strong enough, but… • Once the core grows past ~0.5-1 mile across, gravity becomes significant and accelerates the process. • Growth rate goes as radius to the 4th power (for constant density). • So, those cores which get to the self-gravity point ...
Lecture8_v2 - Lick Observatory
... shapes move from the infinite into a great void; they come together there and produce a single whirl, in which, colliding with one another and revolving in all manner of ways, they begin to separate like to like. ...
... shapes move from the infinite into a great void; they come together there and produce a single whirl, in which, colliding with one another and revolving in all manner of ways, they begin to separate like to like. ...
strange new Worlds - Scholars at Princeton
... They are composed of gas and dust left over from star formation, which is the raw material for planet formation. [NASA-JPL/Caltech] ...
... They are composed of gas and dust left over from star formation, which is the raw material for planet formation. [NASA-JPL/Caltech] ...
Seeing another Earth: Detecting and Characterizing Rocky Planets
... In the past decade, astronomers have discovered nearly 1000 planetary systems. Microlensing, radial velocity, and transit surveys have yielded more than 300 planets with masses ranging from a few Earth masses (ME) to 20-30 Jupiter masses (MJ). Observations in the thermal infrared with the IRAS and S ...
... In the past decade, astronomers have discovered nearly 1000 planetary systems. Microlensing, radial velocity, and transit surveys have yielded more than 300 planets with masses ranging from a few Earth masses (ME) to 20-30 Jupiter masses (MJ). Observations in the thermal infrared with the IRAS and S ...
PLANETS
... Note that for young objects, there is no large change in properties at the deuterium burning limit. ALL young stars / brown dwarfs / planets liberate gravitational potential energy as they contract Types of planet A. Giant planets (gas giants, `massive’ planets) • Solar System prototypes: Jupiter, S ...
... Note that for young objects, there is no large change in properties at the deuterium burning limit. ALL young stars / brown dwarfs / planets liberate gravitational potential energy as they contract Types of planet A. Giant planets (gas giants, `massive’ planets) • Solar System prototypes: Jupiter, S ...
6 Scale Model of the Solar System
... based upon the assumption that the Sun-to-Pluto average distance in Astronomical Units (which is already entered into the table, above) is represented by 100 yards, or goal-line to goal-line, on the football field. To determine similar scalings for each of the planets, you ...
... based upon the assumption that the Sun-to-Pluto average distance in Astronomical Units (which is already entered into the table, above) is represented by 100 yards, or goal-line to goal-line, on the football field. To determine similar scalings for each of the planets, you ...
6 Scale Model of the Solar System
... based upon the assumption that the Sun-to-Pluto average distance in Astronomical Units (which is already entered into the table, above) is represented by 100 yards, or goal-line to goal-line, on the football field. To determine similar scalings for each of the planets, you ...
... based upon the assumption that the Sun-to-Pluto average distance in Astronomical Units (which is already entered into the table, above) is represented by 100 yards, or goal-line to goal-line, on the football field. To determine similar scalings for each of the planets, you ...
Star and Planet Formation - Homepages of UvA/FNWI staff
... 1. If the Earth rotates around the Sun, birds should actually stay behind because of the movement of the Earth on its orbit. 2. If the Earth rotates around its axis (as required to explain day and night), things should fly off the spinning planet. 3. If the Earth rotates around the Sun, we should ob ...
... 1. If the Earth rotates around the Sun, birds should actually stay behind because of the movement of the Earth on its orbit. 2. If the Earth rotates around its axis (as required to explain day and night), things should fly off the spinning planet. 3. If the Earth rotates around the Sun, we should ob ...
THE SOLAR SYSTEM
... the Sun at a rate of 108,000 kilometers (67,000 miles) per hour! Q: Do all the planets rotate and revolve at the same speed? A: No. Each planet rotates on its axis at a different speed and revolves around the Sun at a different rate as well. The time it takes a planet to circle the Sun is known as i ...
... the Sun at a rate of 108,000 kilometers (67,000 miles) per hour! Q: Do all the planets rotate and revolve at the same speed? A: No. Each planet rotates on its axis at a different speed and revolves around the Sun at a different rate as well. The time it takes a planet to circle the Sun is known as i ...
The solar system
... So the solar system is not simple at all. The difficulties are numerous: - the number of interacting bodies is both big and unclearly defined. Even if asteroids are unknown and all the planets not yet discovered, how many are involved? - initial conditions are unclear. However, the problem is not ho ...
... So the solar system is not simple at all. The difficulties are numerous: - the number of interacting bodies is both big and unclearly defined. Even if asteroids are unknown and all the planets not yet discovered, how many are involved? - initial conditions are unclear. However, the problem is not ho ...
The first cool rocky/icy exoplanet
... OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, the first cool, rocky/icy planet orbiting a main-sequence star other than the Sun (Beaulieu et al. 2006). This discovery from gravitational microlensing, the technique of monitoring stars in the galactic bulge magnified by the bending of light due to the gravitational field of ...
... OGLE-2005-BLG-390Lb, the first cool, rocky/icy planet orbiting a main-sequence star other than the Sun (Beaulieu et al. 2006). This discovery from gravitational microlensing, the technique of monitoring stars in the galactic bulge magnified by the bending of light due to the gravitational field of ...
Habitable worlds with JWST: transit spectroscopy of the TRAPPIST
... them could have an Earth-like atmosphere. NEMESIS couples a fast correlated-k (Goody & Yung 1989; Lacis & Oinas 1991) radiative transfer model with an optimal estimation retrieval algorithm (Rodgers 2000). It has been extensively used to model both exoplanets and solar system worlds (e.g. Lee et al. ...
... them could have an Earth-like atmosphere. NEMESIS couples a fast correlated-k (Goody & Yung 1989; Lacis & Oinas 1991) radiative transfer model with an optimal estimation retrieval algorithm (Rodgers 2000). It has been extensively used to model both exoplanets and solar system worlds (e.g. Lee et al. ...
Jumping on Another Planet!
... of matter that a body contains. It never varies despite the gravitational field in which it’s found. Even in zero gravity, mass is always present and is felt as inertia (resistance to change). Weight, on the other hand, measures the force exerted on a body placed within a given gravitational field. ...
... of matter that a body contains. It never varies despite the gravitational field in which it’s found. Even in zero gravity, mass is always present and is felt as inertia (resistance to change). Weight, on the other hand, measures the force exerted on a body placed within a given gravitational field. ...
We especially need imagination in science. It is not all mathematics
... Observation: Asteroids & Comets • Their orbits generally lie close to the plane of the planetary orbits, although they are usually tilted a bit more. Some have quite large eccentricities. • Almost 10,000 asteroids have been identified; these are probably only the largest ones. The largest asteroids ...
... Observation: Asteroids & Comets • Their orbits generally lie close to the plane of the planetary orbits, although they are usually tilted a bit more. Some have quite large eccentricities. • Almost 10,000 asteroids have been identified; these are probably only the largest ones. The largest asteroids ...
Transits of extrasolar moons around luminous giant planets
... I exclude moons around the local terrestrial planets (most notably the Earth’s moon) and focus on large moons around the solar system giant planets to construct an empirical moon sample representative of moons forming in the accretion disks around giant planets. This family of natural satellites has ...
... I exclude moons around the local terrestrial planets (most notably the Earth’s moon) and focus on large moons around the solar system giant planets to construct an empirical moon sample representative of moons forming in the accretion disks around giant planets. This family of natural satellites has ...
Aliens
... of stars observed had Earthlike terrestrial planets, Kepler would find about 480 of them. The mission is therefore ideally suited to determine the frequency of Earthlike planets around other stars. 350 of Kepler’s planet candidates (all sizes) are in the “habitable zone” (where water can be liquid-- ...
... of stars observed had Earthlike terrestrial planets, Kepler would find about 480 of them. The mission is therefore ideally suited to determine the frequency of Earthlike planets around other stars. 350 of Kepler’s planet candidates (all sizes) are in the “habitable zone” (where water can be liquid-- ...
PLANETS
... inner edge begins around 25 AU away, farther than the average orbital distance of Uranus in the Solar System. Its outer edge appears to extend as far out as 550 AUs away from the star. ...
... inner edge begins around 25 AU away, farther than the average orbital distance of Uranus in the Solar System. Its outer edge appears to extend as far out as 550 AUs away from the star. ...
PLANETS
... inner edge begins around 25 AU away, farther than the average orbital distance of Uranus in the Solar System. Its outer edge appears to extend as far out as 550 AUs away from the star. ...
... inner edge begins around 25 AU away, farther than the average orbital distance of Uranus in the Solar System. Its outer edge appears to extend as far out as 550 AUs away from the star. ...
Planet
A planet (from Ancient Greek ἀστήρ πλανήτης (astēr planētēs), or πλάνης ἀστήρ (plánēs astēr), meaning ""wandering star"") is an astronomical object orbiting a star, brown dwarf, or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.The term planet is ancient, with ties to history, science, mythology, and religion. Several planets in the Solar System can be seen with the naked eye. These were regarded by many early cultures as divine, or as emissaries of deities. As scientific knowledge advanced, human perception of the planets changed, incorporating a number of disparate objects. In 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) officially adopted a resolution defining planets within the Solar System. This definition is controversial because it excludes many objects of planetary mass based on where or what they orbit. Although eight of the planetary bodies discovered before 1950 remain ""planets"" under the modern definition, some celestial bodies, such as Ceres, Pallas, Juno, Vesta (each an object in the solar asteroid belt), and Pluto (the first trans-Neptunian object discovered), that were once considered planets by the scientific community are no longer viewed as such.The planets were thought by Ptolemy to orbit Earth in deferent and epicycle motions. Although the idea that the planets orbited the Sun had been suggested many times, it was not until the 17th century that this view was supported by evidence from the first telescopic astronomical observations, performed by Galileo Galilei. By careful analysis of the observation data, Johannes Kepler found the planets' orbits were not circular but elliptical. As observational tools improved, astronomers saw that, like Earth, the planets rotated around tilted axes, and some shared such features as ice caps and seasons. Since the dawn of the Space Age, close observation by space probes has found that Earth and the other planets share characteristics such as volcanism, hurricanes, tectonics, and even hydrology.Planets are generally divided into two main types: large low-density giant planets, and smaller rocky terrestrials. Under IAU definitions, there are eight planets in the Solar System. In order of increasing distance from the Sun, they are the four terrestrials, Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, then the four giant planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Six of the planets are orbited by one or more natural satellites.More than a thousand planets around other stars (""extrasolar planets"" or ""exoplanets"") have been discovered in the Milky Way: as of 1 October 2015, 1968 known extrasolar planets in 1248 planetary systems (including 490 multiple planetary systems), ranging in size from just above the size of the Moon to gas giants about twice as large as Jupiter. On December 20, 2011, the Kepler Space Telescope team reported the discovery of the first Earth-sized extrasolar planets, Kepler-20e and Kepler-20f, orbiting a Sun-like star, Kepler-20. A 2012 study, analyzing gravitational microlensing data, estimates an average of at least 1.6 bound planets for every star in the Milky Way.Around one in five Sun-like stars is thought to have an Earth-sized planet in its habitable zone.