The Astrobiology Primer
... The benefits of this interdisciplinary collaboration have been, and continue to be, immense. The input of scientists from multiple areas has forced researchers to become aware of their basic assumptions and why they do science the way they do. Cooperation has led to insights about the many connectio ...
... The benefits of this interdisciplinary collaboration have been, and continue to be, immense. The input of scientists from multiple areas has forced researchers to become aware of their basic assumptions and why they do science the way they do. Cooperation has led to insights about the many connectio ...
2_ISM - UCT Astronomy Department
... - the normalized amount of extinction as a function of wavelength, - derived from looking at pairs of stellar spectra with similar temperatures but different foreground extinctions. - The general extinction curve within each of the Milky Way, LMC, and SMC is fairly well defined - The overall increas ...
... - the normalized amount of extinction as a function of wavelength, - derived from looking at pairs of stellar spectra with similar temperatures but different foreground extinctions. - The general extinction curve within each of the Milky Way, LMC, and SMC is fairly well defined - The overall increas ...
The Stability of Exomoons in the Habitable Zone
... a required mechanism for life, as it recycles materials on the surface of the body. These conditions must then be upheld for quite some time to allow potential life to arise, meaning the orbit of the body must be fairly stable. In this investigation, all the objects at exoplanets.org (as of 2014-04- ...
... a required mechanism for life, as it recycles materials on the surface of the body. These conditions must then be upheld for quite some time to allow potential life to arise, meaning the orbit of the body must be fairly stable. In this investigation, all the objects at exoplanets.org (as of 2014-04- ...
Exploring Solar Systems Across the Universe
... other planets in the Solar System (e.g., MESSENGER mission to Mercury; top left) help us better understand the properties of other planets, including the Earth (top right), as well as of the whole Solar System. Studies of extrasolar planets (e.g., an artist’s impression of a giant extrasolar planet ...
... other planets in the Solar System (e.g., MESSENGER mission to Mercury; top left) help us better understand the properties of other planets, including the Earth (top right), as well as of the whole Solar System. Studies of extrasolar planets (e.g., an artist’s impression of a giant extrasolar planet ...
Comets and the Age of the Solar System
... explosive release of gas in the form of jets, which can cause Because darker coloured objects are better absorbers of large changes in the brightness of the coma. The solar wind radiation than lighter ones, a darker nucleus should be heated shoves the ionised gas away from the Sun, forming an almos ...
... explosive release of gas in the form of jets, which can cause Because darker coloured objects are better absorbers of large changes in the brightness of the coma. The solar wind radiation than lighter ones, a darker nucleus should be heated shoves the ionised gas away from the Sun, forming an almos ...
The Oort Cloud
... The total mass contained in all the comets is highly uncertain. Modern estimates range from 1 to 100 Earth masses. Part of the uncertainty concerns the reality of a hypothesized massive "inner Oort cloud" -- or "Kuiper belt" (if the distribution is flattened)--of comets that would exist at distances ...
... The total mass contained in all the comets is highly uncertain. Modern estimates range from 1 to 100 Earth masses. Part of the uncertainty concerns the reality of a hypothesized massive "inner Oort cloud" -- or "Kuiper belt" (if the distribution is flattened)--of comets that would exist at distances ...
star formation and galactic evolution
... sweep around these clouds, ablating their outer layers but doing relatively little damage to their denser inner regions. By contrast, ionization simply evaporates even very dense clouds, and this destroys them very effectively at a rate that is not strongly sensitive to the cloud structure or densit ...
... sweep around these clouds, ablating their outer layers but doing relatively little damage to their denser inner regions. By contrast, ionization simply evaporates even very dense clouds, and this destroys them very effectively at a rate that is not strongly sensitive to the cloud structure or densit ...
On the Nature of the Dust in the Debris Disk Around HD69830
... measurements of Beichman et al. (2005) yield a value of 7 ± 3 mJy for the 70 um excess. We thus concur with conclusion that there is no large amount of cold (i.e., Kuiper Belt dust) contributing to the excess emission detected by Spitzer, and that the emission is dominated by the single debris disk ...
... measurements of Beichman et al. (2005) yield a value of 7 ± 3 mJy for the 70 um excess. We thus concur with conclusion that there is no large amount of cold (i.e., Kuiper Belt dust) contributing to the excess emission detected by Spitzer, and that the emission is dominated by the single debris disk ...
Comets, the Kuiper Belt and the Oort Cloud
... existence is now being linked to an unobserved spherical halo of trillions of icy cometary nuclei, which was proposed only because of the observed existence of comets, both short and long period, in an alleged 4.6-billion-year-old solar system. In 1950, based on a very careful statistical study of t ...
... existence is now being linked to an unobserved spherical halo of trillions of icy cometary nuclei, which was proposed only because of the observed existence of comets, both short and long period, in an alleged 4.6-billion-year-old solar system. In 1950, based on a very careful statistical study of t ...
Tidal Evolution of Close-In Extra-Solar Planets
... reduced a. As the tides became stronger, they would circularize the orbit, which in turn would shut down the tidal heating mechanism. The relative strength and timing of these two effects would determine a planet’s history, typically with a gradual increase in the heating rate followed by a decrease ...
... reduced a. As the tides became stronger, they would circularize the orbit, which in turn would shut down the tidal heating mechanism. The relative strength and timing of these two effects would determine a planet’s history, typically with a gradual increase in the heating rate followed by a decrease ...
Science Across Disciplines
... The discovery of extra-solar planets is one of the greatest achievements of modern astronomy. There are now more than two hundred such objects known, and the recent detection of planets with masses approximately 5 times that of Earth demonstrates that extra-solar planets of low mass exist. In additi ...
... The discovery of extra-solar planets is one of the greatest achievements of modern astronomy. There are now more than two hundred such objects known, and the recent detection of planets with masses approximately 5 times that of Earth demonstrates that extra-solar planets of low mass exist. In additi ...
Migration of giant planets in planetesimal discs
... HD 222582, HD10697 and HD 29587: these represent only 15 per cent of all the planets that have been discovered by 2000 October. Three planets (51 Peg, t Boo, v And) are in extremely tight circular orbits with periods of a few days; two planets (r 1 Cnc and r CrB) have circular orbits with periods of ...
... HD 222582, HD10697 and HD 29587: these represent only 15 per cent of all the planets that have been discovered by 2000 October. Three planets (51 Peg, t Boo, v And) are in extremely tight circular orbits with periods of a few days; two planets (r 1 Cnc and r CrB) have circular orbits with periods of ...
A Bayesian method for the detection of planetary transits
... number of photon is large enough. It is basically a multiplicative process so that its variance is changing during a transit event. Nevertheless, the decrease in the number of photons is so small during an eclipse that the variance can be considered as a constant and the photons noise behaves as an ...
... number of photon is large enough. It is basically a multiplicative process so that its variance is changing during a transit event. Nevertheless, the decrease in the number of photons is so small during an eclipse that the variance can be considered as a constant and the photons noise behaves as an ...
General Astrophysics And Comparative Planetology
... measured radius is especially important for classifying new kinds of planets such as super Earths, ocean planets, and planets around non-solar type stars (e.g., Kuchner 2003). Figure 2 shows the masses and radii of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and the Earth, compared to the mass-radius relationships for ...
... measured radius is especially important for classifying new kinds of planets such as super Earths, ocean planets, and planets around non-solar type stars (e.g., Kuchner 2003). Figure 2 shows the masses and radii of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and the Earth, compared to the mass-radius relationships for ...
No. 54 - Institute for Astronomy
... software to replace ourselves with a robot,” said Fulton. “This level of automation is a game-changer in astronomy,” said Howard. “It’s a bit like owning a driverless car that goes planet shopping.” The Kepler Space Telescope has discovered thousands of extrasolar planets and demonstrated that they ...
... software to replace ourselves with a robot,” said Fulton. “This level of automation is a game-changer in astronomy,” said Howard. “It’s a bit like owning a driverless car that goes planet shopping.” The Kepler Space Telescope has discovered thousands of extrasolar planets and demonstrated that they ...
DOWNLOAD THIS RESOURCE (6.3 MB Powerpoint Presentation)
... If Newton could predict the return of a comet this would prove that it was natural. ...
... If Newton could predict the return of a comet this would prove that it was natural. ...
The early stages of planet formation Ormel, Christiaan Wessel
... also resulted in the formation of a disk. Over the centuries the low specific rotation of the sun compared to that of the planets was an argument against a nebula origin of the planets.2 In the previous century, however, the nebular theory has seen a re-emergence, with the Soviet scientist Viktor Sa ...
... also resulted in the formation of a disk. Over the centuries the low specific rotation of the sun compared to that of the planets was an argument against a nebula origin of the planets.2 In the previous century, however, the nebular theory has seen a re-emergence, with the Soviet scientist Viktor Sa ...
Protostellar/PMS Mass Infall Luminosity Problem
... Only a qualitative comparison, because we are not tailoring the simulation to any specific star-forming region. Evans et al.’s full sample (class 0 to III), 1024 source from different regions (blue), compared with our 631 sinks found at t=2.6 Myr (black). Useful to compare the underlying IMFs: We la ...
... Only a qualitative comparison, because we are not tailoring the simulation to any specific star-forming region. Evans et al.’s full sample (class 0 to III), 1024 source from different regions (blue), compared with our 631 sinks found at t=2.6 Myr (black). Useful to compare the underlying IMFs: We la ...
On disc driven inward migration of resonantly coupled planets with
... leads to the orbital separation of the planets being slightly larger than that required for a strict 2:1 commensurability without considering the history in detail as it is beyond the scope of this paper. However, we comment that this might have been complicated with the planet masses varying with t ...
... leads to the orbital separation of the planets being slightly larger than that required for a strict 2:1 commensurability without considering the history in detail as it is beyond the scope of this paper. However, we comment that this might have been complicated with the planet masses varying with t ...
Origin and loss of nebula-captured hydrogen envelopes from `sub`
... masses in a range between ‘sub-Earth’-like bodies of 0.1 M⊕ and ‘super-Earths’ with 5 M⊕ in the habitable zone at 1 au of a Sun-like G star, assuming that their rocky cores had formed before the nebula gas dissipated. We model the gravitational attraction and accumulation of nebula gas around a plan ...
... masses in a range between ‘sub-Earth’-like bodies of 0.1 M⊕ and ‘super-Earths’ with 5 M⊕ in the habitable zone at 1 au of a Sun-like G star, assuming that their rocky cores had formed before the nebula gas dissipated. We model the gravitational attraction and accumulation of nebula gas around a plan ...
CHEOPS Science Requirements Document
... opening the door to actual characterization of exoplanets not only in terms of physical parameters but also in terms of understanding their diversity by better constraining their formation mechanisms and their evolutions. In our solar system, giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are loca ...
... opening the door to actual characterization of exoplanets not only in terms of physical parameters but also in terms of understanding their diversity by better constraining their formation mechanisms and their evolutions. In our solar system, giant planets (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune) are loca ...
allowed planetary orbits
... extrasolar system. We have investigated a successive numbering and suggested a Schmidtlike formula in the planets and the Jovian moons. We have introduced some new functions (called ``normalized parameters") of usual parameters of extrasolar systems in chapter 4. One pair of these parameters exhibit ...
... extrasolar system. We have investigated a successive numbering and suggested a Schmidtlike formula in the planets and the Jovian moons. We have introduced some new functions (called ``normalized parameters") of usual parameters of extrasolar systems in chapter 4. One pair of these parameters exhibit ...
Event Booklet - Exoplanets I Conference
... Using the full four-year Kepler dataset, we estimated an occurrence rate of 0.24 (+0.18/-0.08) Earthsize planets and 0.21 (+0.11/-0.06) super-Earths per small star habitable zone and predicted that the nearest, potentially habitable transiting planet orbits an M dwarf within 11 pc. We are now search ...
... Using the full four-year Kepler dataset, we estimated an occurrence rate of 0.24 (+0.18/-0.08) Earthsize planets and 0.21 (+0.11/-0.06) super-Earths per small star habitable zone and predicted that the nearest, potentially habitable transiting planet orbits an M dwarf within 11 pc. We are now search ...
1 A Re-appraisal of the Habitability of Planets Around M Dwarf Stars
... Stable, hydrogen-burning, M dwarf stars comprise about 75% of all stars in the Galaxy. They are extremely long-lived and because they are much smaller in mass than the Sun (between 0.5 and 0.08 MSun), their temperature and stellar luminosity are low and peaked in the red. We have re-examined what is ...
... Stable, hydrogen-burning, M dwarf stars comprise about 75% of all stars in the Galaxy. They are extremely long-lived and because they are much smaller in mass than the Sun (between 0.5 and 0.08 MSun), their temperature and stellar luminosity are low and peaked in the red. We have re-examined what is ...
COMETS
... spacecraft confirmed that a reversal of magnetic polarity occurs as predicted in the central denser tail. Shock fronts were detected because comets are ionized obstacles in the solar wind. A shock front lowers the wind’s speed and allows it to flow smoothly around the comet. The ion tail looks blue ...
... spacecraft confirmed that a reversal of magnetic polarity occurs as predicted in the central denser tail. Shock fronts were detected because comets are ionized obstacles in the solar wind. A shock front lowers the wind’s speed and allows it to flow smoothly around the comet. The ion tail looks blue ...