Astronomy
... • Magnetic field of sun interacts with proto-planetary disk • Slows down the sun’s rotation ...
... • Magnetic field of sun interacts with proto-planetary disk • Slows down the sun’s rotation ...
The Kuiper Belt and Other Debris Disks - UCLA
... Jupiter (310 M⊕ ) and Saturn (95 M⊕ ) are so-called because, mass-wise, they are dominated by hydrogen and helium. Throughout the bulk of each planet these gases are compressed, however, into a degenerate (metallic) liquid that supports convection and sustains a magnetic field through dynamo action. ...
... Jupiter (310 M⊕ ) and Saturn (95 M⊕ ) are so-called because, mass-wise, they are dominated by hydrogen and helium. Throughout the bulk of each planet these gases are compressed, however, into a degenerate (metallic) liquid that supports convection and sustains a magnetic field through dynamo action. ...
Article PDF - IOPscience
... Neptune and other hypothetical massive planetary embryos or of its temporary capture in a resonance with one of the other planets, although these scenarios have never been quantitatively simulated. In this section we investigate the effects that an eccentric Neptune would have on the formation of th ...
... Neptune and other hypothetical massive planetary embryos or of its temporary capture in a resonance with one of the other planets, although these scenarios have never been quantitatively simulated. In this section we investigate the effects that an eccentric Neptune would have on the formation of th ...
November, 2015 - The Baton Rouge Astronomical Society
... One big early surprise (1995) was the ground-based discovery of “hot Jupiters:” gas giants the size of Jupiter in orbits around their parent stars much closer than Venus—or even Mercury—is to the Sun. How does something that massive form so close to a parent star? Would there have been enough materi ...
... One big early surprise (1995) was the ground-based discovery of “hot Jupiters:” gas giants the size of Jupiter in orbits around their parent stars much closer than Venus—or even Mercury—is to the Sun. How does something that massive form so close to a parent star? Would there have been enough materi ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... nuclear physics is occurring. Therefore, most AGB stars are classified as M, R, N or S, designations that have mostly been replaced by a collective term C, or “carbon stars.” Such stars have an abundance of carbon or oxygen in their photospheres, as there is an exchange of material between the core a ...
... nuclear physics is occurring. Therefore, most AGB stars are classified as M, R, N or S, designations that have mostly been replaced by a collective term C, or “carbon stars.” Such stars have an abundance of carbon or oxygen in their photospheres, as there is an exchange of material between the core a ...
How we think the planets were born
... Recent observations using the Hubble Space Telescope suggest that the atmosphere of HD 209568b is boiling off - producing a long ‘cometary tail’ ...
... Recent observations using the Hubble Space Telescope suggest that the atmosphere of HD 209568b is boiling off - producing a long ‘cometary tail’ ...
The empirical mass distribution of hot B subdwarfs
... that triggered the mass loss necessary for the formation of the sdB star [25] [26] [27] [28]. It is estimated that ∼7% of main sequence stars have close-in giant planets [29], and at least 50% have a super-Earth or a Neptune ( 10 M⊕ ) with periods shorter than 50 days [30], that will be engulfed du ...
... that triggered the mass loss necessary for the formation of the sdB star [25] [26] [27] [28]. It is estimated that ∼7% of main sequence stars have close-in giant planets [29], and at least 50% have a super-Earth or a Neptune ( 10 M⊕ ) with periods shorter than 50 days [30], that will be engulfed du ...
The Age Distribution of Potential Intelligent Life in the Milky Way
... The main purpose of the previous GHZ studies has been to explore where habitable planets may have formed with enough time for complex life to develop in the Galaxy (where complex life is defined as landbased animal life (Gowanlock et al. 2011)). The main purpose of this study on the other hand is to ...
... The main purpose of the previous GHZ studies has been to explore where habitable planets may have formed with enough time for complex life to develop in the Galaxy (where complex life is defined as landbased animal life (Gowanlock et al. 2011)). The main purpose of this study on the other hand is to ...
Insights into Bode`s Law
... systems ought to eventually stabilise into a regular pattern of planetary distances as a consequence of both their initial formation spacing, and billions of years of gravitational perturbations, but Bode's Law is not a law which can be generalized to describe these other systems. This means that yo ...
... systems ought to eventually stabilise into a regular pattern of planetary distances as a consequence of both their initial formation spacing, and billions of years of gravitational perturbations, but Bode's Law is not a law which can be generalized to describe these other systems. This means that yo ...
Other Planetary Systems - Colorado Mesa University
... (rules out high-mass stars - 1%) 2) Need to have stable orbits (might rule out binary/multiple star systems - 50%) 3) Size of “habitable zone”: region in which a planet of the right size could have liquid water on its surface Even with these constraints, billions of stars in the Milky Way could po ...
... (rules out high-mass stars - 1%) 2) Need to have stable orbits (might rule out binary/multiple star systems - 50%) 3) Size of “habitable zone”: region in which a planet of the right size could have liquid water on its surface Even with these constraints, billions of stars in the Milky Way could po ...
Lithium abundances along the red giant branch: FLAMES
... quality flags “A” in the 2MASS JHK photometry and targets that had another source within 3 that was not fainter by at least 2.m 0 in the J-band than the target itself. This selection scheme provides a bias against close visual pairs in our sample. Applying all those criteria yielded 514 targets fo ...
... quality flags “A” in the 2MASS JHK photometry and targets that had another source within 3 that was not fainter by at least 2.m 0 in the J-band than the target itself. This selection scheme provides a bias against close visual pairs in our sample. Applying all those criteria yielded 514 targets fo ...
Three newly discovered sub-Jupiter-mass planets: WASP
... detected X-rays 60±27 arcsec from WASP-69. If the star is the source then the planet could be undergoing mass-loss at a rate of ∼1012 g s−1 . This is one to two orders of magnitude higher than the evaporation rate estimated for HD 209458b and HD 189733b, both of which have exhibited anomalously larg ...
... detected X-rays 60±27 arcsec from WASP-69. If the star is the source then the planet could be undergoing mass-loss at a rate of ∼1012 g s−1 . This is one to two orders of magnitude higher than the evaporation rate estimated for HD 209458b and HD 189733b, both of which have exhibited anomalously larg ...
Evolution of Circumstellar Disks Around Normal Stars
... Over the past 10 years abundant evidence has emerged that many (if not all) stars are born with circumstellar disks. Understanding the evolution of post–accretion disks can provide strong constraints on theories of planet formation and evolution. In this review, we focus on developments in understan ...
... Over the past 10 years abundant evidence has emerged that many (if not all) stars are born with circumstellar disks. Understanding the evolution of post–accretion disks can provide strong constraints on theories of planet formation and evolution. In this review, we focus on developments in understan ...
The self-enrichment of galactic halo globular clusters: a clue to their
... were born in globular clusters from which they escaped either during an early disruption of the proto-globular cluster (Pop IIa) or through a later disruption or evaporation process of the cluster (Pop IIb). The basic idea is that the chemical evolution of the GCs can be described in two phases. Dur ...
... were born in globular clusters from which they escaped either during an early disruption of the proto-globular cluster (Pop IIa) or through a later disruption or evaporation process of the cluster (Pop IIb). The basic idea is that the chemical evolution of the GCs can be described in two phases. Dur ...
Searching for the oldest, most metal-poor stars in the SkyMapper Survey
... In the first minutes after the Big Bang, apart from traces of lithium, hydrogen and helium were the only elements that were present. Hydrogen consisted of ∼ 0.75 of the matter by mass fraction, helium was ∼ 0.25, and lithium was ∼ 2 × 10−9 . The first generation of stars, termed Population III stars ...
... In the first minutes after the Big Bang, apart from traces of lithium, hydrogen and helium were the only elements that were present. Hydrogen consisted of ∼ 0.75 of the matter by mass fraction, helium was ∼ 0.25, and lithium was ∼ 2 × 10−9 . The first generation of stars, termed Population III stars ...
Planet formation around stars of various masses: The snow line and
... Most planet formation theories are based on a static MMSN disk around a solar-mass star. There are several motivating factors for extending these theories to a range of stellar masses: (i) the increasing stellar mass range of extra-solar planet hosts, (ii) observed trends with stellar mass, such as ...
... Most planet formation theories are based on a static MMSN disk around a solar-mass star. There are several motivating factors for extending these theories to a range of stellar masses: (i) the increasing stellar mass range of extra-solar planet hosts, (ii) observed trends with stellar mass, such as ...
PDF Full-text
... during flares. Increasing photodissociation of H2 O leads to increases in the mixing ratios of O and H at these atmospheric levels. This calculation does not include the rest of the observed UV flux from GJ 436 or the flux in the 91.2–120 nm band that is important for the photodissociation of CO and ...
... during flares. Increasing photodissociation of H2 O leads to increases in the mixing ratios of O and H at these atmospheric levels. This calculation does not include the rest of the observed UV flux from GJ 436 or the flux in the 91.2–120 nm band that is important for the photodissociation of CO and ...
• Teacher developed presentations. • Teacher developed laboratory
... 3.310.B2.-SCALE AND MEASUREMENT Explain how scientists obtain information about the universe by using technology to detect electromagnetic radiation that is emitted, reflected or absorbed by stars and other objects. 3.310.B2.-CONSTANCY AND CHANGE Describe changes in the universe over billions of yea ...
... 3.310.B2.-SCALE AND MEASUREMENT Explain how scientists obtain information about the universe by using technology to detect electromagnetic radiation that is emitted, reflected or absorbed by stars and other objects. 3.310.B2.-CONSTANCY AND CHANGE Describe changes in the universe over billions of yea ...
Star Formation in the Galaxy, An Observational Overview
... their original mass, enriched by heavy elements, into the interstellar medium leaving behind exotic remnants, namely neutron stars and black holes. Despite its spectacular success in explaining the life histories and deaths of stars, the theory of stellar evolution is incomplete in a very fundamenta ...
... their original mass, enriched by heavy elements, into the interstellar medium leaving behind exotic remnants, namely neutron stars and black holes. Despite its spectacular success in explaining the life histories and deaths of stars, the theory of stellar evolution is incomplete in a very fundamenta ...
Superstars of Astronomy: Debra Fischer transcript
... exoplanets you need to check week to week to make sure that you have the right number. Debra, of course, is one of the world’s leading experts on extrasolar planets, having discovered hundreds of them by measuring Doppler shifts and the spectra of their stars including the first known multiple-plane ...
... exoplanets you need to check week to week to make sure that you have the right number. Debra, of course, is one of the world’s leading experts on extrasolar planets, having discovered hundreds of them by measuring Doppler shifts and the spectra of their stars including the first known multiple-plane ...
Water ice lines and the formation of giant moons around super
... habitable moons. Here we simulate the accretion disks around super-Jovian planets and find that giant moons with masses similar to Mars can form. Our results suggest that the Galilean moons formed during the final stages of accretion onto Jupiter, when the circumjovian disk was sufficiently cool. In ...
... habitable moons. Here we simulate the accretion disks around super-Jovian planets and find that giant moons with masses similar to Mars can form. Our results suggest that the Galilean moons formed during the final stages of accretion onto Jupiter, when the circumjovian disk was sufficiently cool. In ...
Extrasolar Cosmochemistry
... After undergoing extensive evolution, stars with initial main-sequence masses less than eight times that of the Sun ultimately shed most of their primordial material and shrink in size to become white dwarfs composed primarily of carbon and oxygen. Such white dwarfs typically retain a thin outer env ...
... After undergoing extensive evolution, stars with initial main-sequence masses less than eight times that of the Sun ultimately shed most of their primordial material and shrink in size to become white dwarfs composed primarily of carbon and oxygen. Such white dwarfs typically retain a thin outer env ...
Life Beyond Earth Exhibition
... Located on the second level of the building, Life Beyond Earth is part of MSC space and aerospace exhibits housed in the Our Place In Space area of the building. Major sections of the exhibition cover the vastness of the universe, places in the solar system where life could exist, the search for exo ...
... Located on the second level of the building, Life Beyond Earth is part of MSC space and aerospace exhibits housed in the Our Place In Space area of the building. Major sections of the exhibition cover the vastness of the universe, places in the solar system where life could exist, the search for exo ...
Astronomical Circumstances
... This DRAFT document is an excerpt from Principles of Planetary Biology, by Tom E. Morris. Giant Branch Stars whose masses differ greatly from that of the sun may have much different fates. For example, small stars Once its hydrogen fuel is mostly consumed, a medium do not go through the giant stag ...
... This DRAFT document is an excerpt from Principles of Planetary Biology, by Tom E. Morris. Giant Branch Stars whose masses differ greatly from that of the sun may have much different fates. For example, small stars Once its hydrogen fuel is mostly consumed, a medium do not go through the giant stag ...
Determining the mass loss limit for close
... rXUV is the distance in the thermosphere where the optical thickness τXUV → 1 and the main part of the XUV radiation is absorbed. One should note that rXUV is close to the visual planetary radius and can therefore be substituted by rpl (Yelle 2004). Recently, Penz et al. (2008a) studied for the firs ...
... rXUV is the distance in the thermosphere where the optical thickness τXUV → 1 and the main part of the XUV radiation is absorbed. One should note that rXUV is close to the visual planetary radius and can therefore be substituted by rpl (Yelle 2004). Recently, Penz et al. (2008a) studied for the firs ...
Planetary system
A planetary system is a set of gravitationally bound non-stellar objects in orbit around a star or star system. Generally speaking, systems with one or more planets constitute a planetary system, although such systems may also consist of bodies such as dwarf planets, asteroids, natural satellites, meteoroids, comets, planetesimals and circumstellar disks. The Sun together with its planetary system, which includes Earth, is known as the Solar System. The term exoplanetary system is sometimes used in reference to other planetary systems.A total of 1968 exoplanets (in 1248 planetary systems, including 490 multiple planetary systems) have been identified as of 1 October 2015.Of particular interest to astrobiology is the habitable zone of planetary systems where planets could have surface liquid water.