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CS6659-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
CS6659-ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

... In optimization problems, the aim is to find the best state according to an objective function the optimization problem is then: Find values of the variables that minimize or maximize the objective function while satisfying the constraints. 31. What is Hill-climbing search? The Hill-climbing algorit ...
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Case-based Reasoning in Agent-based Decision Support System

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Acta polytechnica Hungarica - Volume 4, Issue No. 1 (2007.)
Acta polytechnica Hungarica - Volume 4, Issue No. 1 (2007.)

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Heuristic Planning for Hybrid Systems
Heuristic Planning for Hybrid Systems

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as a PDF

... Thus, the algorithm is complete and optimal. However, it is not blindingly fast, so various efforts were made to speed it up, mostly well-known standard techniques in symbolic search such as forward set simplification. A bigger gain in efficiency was achieved by using bidirectional search, which can ...
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... Wooldridge and Jennings [67] as well as Jennings, Sycara, and Wooldridge [37] provide a thorough review of existing agent architectures. Here only the distinction between deliberative, reactive, and hybrid architectures is briefly highlighted. Wooldridge and Jennings ([67], p. 24) define a deliberat ...
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Chapter 1 Psychometric Artificial General Intelligence: The Piaget

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... systems will become our skilled assistants, adapting to us as needed and – over time – disappearing into everyday life. This change will not come over night, as the unfulfilled dream of smart reminds us. However, continuing innovation and technology advances will help today’s smart systems overcome ...
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AI winter

In the history of artificial intelligence, an AI winter is a period of reduced funding and interest in artificial intelligence research. The term was coined by analogy to the idea of a nuclear winter. The field has experienced several hype cycles, followed by disappointment and criticism, followed by funding cuts, followed by renewed interest years or decades later. There were two major winters in 1974–80 and 1987–93 and several smaller episodes, including: 1966: the failure of machine translation, 1970: the abandonment of connectionism, 1971–75: DARPA's frustration with the Speech Understanding Research program at Carnegie Mellon University, 1973: the large decrease in AI research in the United Kingdom in response to the Lighthill report, 1973–74: DARPA's cutbacks to academic AI research in general, 1987: the collapse of the Lisp machine market, 1988: the cancellation of new spending on AI by the Strategic Computing Initiative, 1993: expert systems slowly reaching the bottom, and 1990s: the quiet disappearance of the fifth-generation computer project's original goals.The term first appeared in 1984 as the topic of a public debate at the annual meeting of AAAI (then called the ""American Association of Artificial Intelligence""). It is a chain reaction that begins with pessimism in the AI community, followed by pessimism in the press, followed by a severe cutback in funding, followed by the end of serious research. At the meeting, Roger Schank and Marvin Minsky—two leading AI researchers who had survived the ""winter"" of the 1970s—warned the business community that enthusiasm for AI had spiraled out of control in the '80s and that disappointment would certainly follow. Three years later, the billion-dollar AI industry began to collapse.Hypes are common in many emerging technologies, such as the railway mania or the dot-com bubble. An AI winter is primarily a collapse in the perception of AI by government bureaucrats and venture capitalists. Despite the rise and fall of AI's reputation, it has continued to develop new and successful technologies. AI researcher Rodney Brooks would complain in 2002 that ""there's this stupid myth out there that AI has failed, but AI is around you every second of the day."" In 2005, Ray Kurzweil agreed: ""Many observers still think that the AI winter was the end of the story and that nothing since has come of the AI field. Yet today many thousands of AI applications are deeply embedded in the infrastructure of every industry."" He added: ""the AI winter is long since over.""
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