Tutorial 10: Temporal and Spatial Summation Figure 10: Temporal
... separate points of the dendritic tree (Kogo & Ariel, 1999). Two distinct responses are distinguished based on the interval between the time of stimulation at each of the two sites of postsynaptic membrane. Surprisingly, a facilitation of response was never observed. This could be a unique characteri ...
... separate points of the dendritic tree (Kogo & Ariel, 1999). Two distinct responses are distinguished based on the interval between the time of stimulation at each of the two sites of postsynaptic membrane. Surprisingly, a facilitation of response was never observed. This could be a unique characteri ...
levin kuhlmann - Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems
... the observer. The texture on the 3D surface is thus projected onto the 2D retina, but it is distorted by the projection. This distortion of the texture can be used as a cue for 3D shape. The aim of the dissertation is to develop a neural model of how visuo-cortical areas interact to convert a textur ...
... the observer. The texture on the 3D surface is thus projected onto the 2D retina, but it is distorted by the projection. This distortion of the texture can be used as a cue for 3D shape. The aim of the dissertation is to develop a neural model of how visuo-cortical areas interact to convert a textur ...
Design of Intelligent Machines Heidi 2005
... “Cortical columns are formed by the binding together of many minicolumns by common input and short range horizontal connections. … The number of minicolumns per column varies … between 50 and 80. Long range intracortical projections link columns with similar functional properties.” (p. 3) ...
... “Cortical columns are formed by the binding together of many minicolumns by common input and short range horizontal connections. … The number of minicolumns per column varies … between 50 and 80. Long range intracortical projections link columns with similar functional properties.” (p. 3) ...
013368718X_CH31_483-498.indd
... Functions of the Nervous System The nervous system collects information about the body’s internal and external environment, processes that information, and responds to it. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves and supporting cells. It collects information about the body’s internal and ext ...
... Functions of the Nervous System The nervous system collects information about the body’s internal and external environment, processes that information, and responds to it. The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves and supporting cells. It collects information about the body’s internal and ext ...
Acetylcholinesterase in Neuron Survival and
... Infusion of Trophic factors Guiding growing axons (neurites) to appropriate targets Strengthen axons and synapses by stimulation Stem cell therapy Nanomaterials can contribute significantly to all of these measures ! ...
... Infusion of Trophic factors Guiding growing axons (neurites) to appropriate targets Strengthen axons and synapses by stimulation Stem cell therapy Nanomaterials can contribute significantly to all of these measures ! ...
The Nervous System
... info from all sensory association areas, integrates sensory to visual and auditory memories) • Language-based skills (speech center = Broca’s area) • Representational Hemisphere (usually right) • Spatial relationships • Logical analysis Brain Waves (electroencephalogram= EEG) A printed record of ele ...
... info from all sensory association areas, integrates sensory to visual and auditory memories) • Language-based skills (speech center = Broca’s area) • Representational Hemisphere (usually right) • Spatial relationships • Logical analysis Brain Waves (electroencephalogram= EEG) A printed record of ele ...
The Neuron: The Basic Unit of Communication Neuron: Basic
... 2. Drugs can mimic or block the effects of a neurotransmitter by fitting into receptor sites and preventing the neurotransmitter from acting. For example, the drug curare produces almost instant paralysis by blocking acetylcholine receptor sites on motor neurons. 3. Drugs can affect the length of ti ...
... 2. Drugs can mimic or block the effects of a neurotransmitter by fitting into receptor sites and preventing the neurotransmitter from acting. For example, the drug curare produces almost instant paralysis by blocking acetylcholine receptor sites on motor neurons. 3. Drugs can affect the length of ti ...
File
... • The brain can generate new neurons throughout life (neurogenesis) • Learning can increase/decrease neurotransmission between specific neurons (long term potentiation) • It is assumed that as your behavior changes (in most cases because of environmental change), so does the underlying neural circui ...
... • The brain can generate new neurons throughout life (neurogenesis) • Learning can increase/decrease neurotransmission between specific neurons (long term potentiation) • It is assumed that as your behavior changes (in most cases because of environmental change), so does the underlying neural circui ...
Slide 1
... 1. Neurons are electrically active; They have a resting voltage, and can undergo electrical changes ...
... 1. Neurons are electrically active; They have a resting voltage, and can undergo electrical changes ...
overview imagenet neural networks alexnet meta-network
... L E N ET, but was expanded in every dimension and used several stacked convolutional layers, as opposed to a single convolutional layer immediately followed by a POOL-layer, which as common at the time. AlexNet has led to many significant improvements in the field and as such is an interesting targe ...
... L E N ET, but was expanded in every dimension and used several stacked convolutional layers, as opposed to a single convolutional layer immediately followed by a POOL-layer, which as common at the time. AlexNet has led to many significant improvements in the field and as such is an interesting targe ...
Abstract Browser - Journal of Neuroscience
... Activity-dependent shifts in ionic concentrations and water that accompany neuronal and glial activity can generate osmotic forces with biological consequences for brain physiology. Active regulation of osmotic gradients and cellular volume requires volume-sensitive ion channels. In the vertebrate r ...
... Activity-dependent shifts in ionic concentrations and water that accompany neuronal and glial activity can generate osmotic forces with biological consequences for brain physiology. Active regulation of osmotic gradients and cellular volume requires volume-sensitive ion channels. In the vertebrate r ...
Neural Networks
... simply a function of its current input. It has no internal state. Recurrent networks are cyclic: links can feed back into themselves. Thus, the activation levels of the network form a dynamic system, and can exhibit either stable, oscillatory or even chaotic behaviour. A recurrent network’s response ...
... simply a function of its current input. It has no internal state. Recurrent networks are cyclic: links can feed back into themselves. Thus, the activation levels of the network form a dynamic system, and can exhibit either stable, oscillatory or even chaotic behaviour. A recurrent network’s response ...
Theoretical neuroscience: Single neuron dynamics and computation
... • 1940s-50s: Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley (model for AP generation) • 1950s: Wilfrid Rall (cable theory) • 1950s: Frank Rosenblatt (perceptron) • 1960s: Horace Barlow (coding in sensory systems) • 1960s-70s: David Marr (systems-level models of cerebellum/neocortex/hippocampus) • 1970s: Hugh Wilson, J ...
... • 1940s-50s: Alan Hodgkin, Andrew Huxley (model for AP generation) • 1950s: Wilfrid Rall (cable theory) • 1950s: Frank Rosenblatt (perceptron) • 1960s: Horace Barlow (coding in sensory systems) • 1960s-70s: David Marr (systems-level models of cerebellum/neocortex/hippocampus) • 1970s: Hugh Wilson, J ...
Chapter 9
... The _________________ between two _________________________ is called a ______________; there exists a __________ ________________ between them across which the impulse must be ______________. C. Synaptic Transmission ...
... The _________________ between two _________________________ is called a ______________; there exists a __________ ________________ between them across which the impulse must be ______________. C. Synaptic Transmission ...
Generally Physiological - The Journal of General Physiology
... This month’s installment of Generally Physiological focuses on mechanisms that govern negative thermotaxis in flies and worms, and how the same neuropeptide acts at distinct sites to control the timing and location of fly metamorphosis. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, like other animals, will ...
... This month’s installment of Generally Physiological focuses on mechanisms that govern negative thermotaxis in flies and worms, and how the same neuropeptide acts at distinct sites to control the timing and location of fly metamorphosis. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, like other animals, will ...
Nervous System = communication conduit b/w brain
... Myelin sheath has gaps (nodes of Ranvier) along axon Na+/K+ cannot diffuse through myelin but they can reach plasma membrane at these nodes This allows action potential to jump from node to node, increasing speed of impulse as it travels length of axon. Some neurons have myelin, some do not ...
... Myelin sheath has gaps (nodes of Ranvier) along axon Na+/K+ cannot diffuse through myelin but they can reach plasma membrane at these nodes This allows action potential to jump from node to node, increasing speed of impulse as it travels length of axon. Some neurons have myelin, some do not ...
ILGA_overview_11-16-09
... reciprocally connected with area F5 (Matelli et al., 1985; mortor dominant neurons (40%) discharge equally well if the grasping movement is made either in the light, or in the dark. These cells are referred to as (Taira et al., 1990). – 50% of neurons fired almost exclusively during one type of ...
... reciprocally connected with area F5 (Matelli et al., 1985; mortor dominant neurons (40%) discharge equally well if the grasping movement is made either in the light, or in the dark. These cells are referred to as (Taira et al., 1990). – 50% of neurons fired almost exclusively during one type of ...
Nervous System - Gordon State College
... neurons to the brain, and from the brain to motor neurons that initiate movement. The upper segments of the spinal cord control the upper parts of the body, while the lower segments control the ...
... neurons to the brain, and from the brain to motor neurons that initiate movement. The upper segments of the spinal cord control the upper parts of the body, while the lower segments control the ...
Focus On Vocabulary Chapter 02
... The Cerebral Cortex If you opened a human skull, exposing the brain, you would see a wrinkled organ, shaped somewhat like the meat of an oversized walnut. The human brain has a convoluted (wrinkled) surface, and the cerebral cortex is divided into two halves or hemispheres just like the two lobes o ...
... The Cerebral Cortex If you opened a human skull, exposing the brain, you would see a wrinkled organ, shaped somewhat like the meat of an oversized walnut. The human brain has a convoluted (wrinkled) surface, and the cerebral cortex is divided into two halves or hemispheres just like the two lobes o ...
Physiology 59 [5-12
... stress (disappointment and frustration) in adults; occur in degenerative brain states o Delta waves = all EEG waves less than 3.5 cycles/sec; high-voltage; in deep (slow-wave) sleep, infancy and organic brain disease; in cortex independent of lower brain activity Intensity of brain wave = neurons an ...
... stress (disappointment and frustration) in adults; occur in degenerative brain states o Delta waves = all EEG waves less than 3.5 cycles/sec; high-voltage; in deep (slow-wave) sleep, infancy and organic brain disease; in cortex independent of lower brain activity Intensity of brain wave = neurons an ...
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
... Similar in spirit to Fourier decomposition. Bumps = radial basis ...
... Similar in spirit to Fourier decomposition. Bumps = radial basis ...
Pointing the way toward target selection
... broad classes: feedforward, Fig. 1. The pointer circuit architecture. Feedforward connections carry single target requires that inhirecurrent and top-down 2 . inputs to the network. Recurrent connections between network neurons bition of the network is strong Feedforward connections carry are funnel ...
... broad classes: feedforward, Fig. 1. The pointer circuit architecture. Feedforward connections carry single target requires that inhirecurrent and top-down 2 . inputs to the network. Recurrent connections between network neurons bition of the network is strong Feedforward connections carry are funnel ...
Paying attention to correlated neural activity
... A rose by any other name No two roses smell exactly alike, yet we still perceive their scents as being the same. Most natural odors are made up of odorant mixtures that evoke complex patterns of neural activity, and it is rare for an odor to have the exact same components in the exact same proportio ...
... A rose by any other name No two roses smell exactly alike, yet we still perceive their scents as being the same. Most natural odors are made up of odorant mixtures that evoke complex patterns of neural activity, and it is rare for an odor to have the exact same components in the exact same proportio ...
Sonia Gasparini, PhD Degrees Assistant Professor of Cell Biology & Anatomy and
... the synaptic inputs and how they are integrated with voltage-dependent currents, the initiation of active processes in the dendrites (i.e. dendritic spikes) and their impact on the somatic output in hippocampal CA1 neurons and neurons of the deep layers of the entorhinal cortex. The ultimate goal is ...
... the synaptic inputs and how they are integrated with voltage-dependent currents, the initiation of active processes in the dendrites (i.e. dendritic spikes) and their impact on the somatic output in hippocampal CA1 neurons and neurons of the deep layers of the entorhinal cortex. The ultimate goal is ...
Neural oscillation
Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory activity in many ways, driven either by mechanisms within individual neurons or by interactions between neurons. In individual neurons, oscillations can appear either as oscillations in membrane potential or as rhythmic patterns of action potentials, which then produce oscillatory activation of post-synaptic neurons. At the level of neural ensembles, synchronized activity of large numbers of neurons can give rise to macroscopic oscillations, which can be observed in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Oscillatory activity in groups of neurons generally arises from feedback connections between the neurons that result in the synchronization of their firing patterns. The interaction between neurons can give rise to oscillations at a different frequency than the firing frequency of individual neurons. A well-known example of macroscopic neural oscillations is alpha activity.Neural oscillations were observed by researchers as early as 1924 (by Hans Berger). More than 50 years later, intrinsic oscillatory behavior was encountered in vertebrate neurons, but its functional role is still not fully understood. The possible roles of neural oscillations include feature binding, information transfer mechanisms and the generation of rhythmic motor output. Over the last decades more insight has been gained, especially with advances in brain imaging. A major area of research in neuroscience involves determining how oscillations are generated and what their roles are. Oscillatory activity in the brain is widely observed at different levels of observation and is thought to play a key role in processing neural information. Numerous experimental studies support a functional role of neural oscillations; a unified interpretation, however, is still lacking.