Somatic sensations
... The sclera (“white” of the eye) protects the eye; the dark-pigmented choroid underlies the sclera and prevents light from scattering. Most of the blood vessels lie in the choroid. Behind the cornea is the pigmented iris; the hole at the center of the iris is the pupil, the entrance for light which c ...
... The sclera (“white” of the eye) protects the eye; the dark-pigmented choroid underlies the sclera and prevents light from scattering. Most of the blood vessels lie in the choroid. Behind the cornea is the pigmented iris; the hole at the center of the iris is the pupil, the entrance for light which c ...
Neurosteroids: Expression of Steroidogenic Enzymes and
... The enzymatic complex 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/D5-D4 isomerase (3b-HSD), which catalyzes the conversion of D5-3b-hydroxysteroids into D4-3-ketosteroids, plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of steroid hormones (Fig. 1). Molecular cloning of the cDNAs encoding 3b-HSD has rev ...
... The enzymatic complex 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/D5-D4 isomerase (3b-HSD), which catalyzes the conversion of D5-3b-hydroxysteroids into D4-3-ketosteroids, plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of steroid hormones (Fig. 1). Molecular cloning of the cDNAs encoding 3b-HSD has rev ...
Chaos and neural dynamics
... Let us discuss at first what progress has been achieved in this area for the last fifteen years and what key experiments can be used for the analysis. The main results in this avenue are associated with the analysis of the behavior of individual neurons and neural ensembles, which confirms that the ...
... Let us discuss at first what progress has been achieved in this area for the last fifteen years and what key experiments can be used for the analysis. The main results in this avenue are associated with the analysis of the behavior of individual neurons and neural ensembles, which confirms that the ...
6.5 Nervous system part1
... As a result, the inside of the cell contains more K+ ions and fewer Na+ ions than the outside. ...
... As a result, the inside of the cell contains more K+ ions and fewer Na+ ions than the outside. ...
Laboratory Exercise 11: Anatomy and Physiology of the Brain
... Cerebral cortex - outer gray matter. It contains groups of nerve cell bodies (nuclei) for higher intellectual functions. Gyri or convolutions - folds of cortex. Sulci - shallow grooves between gyri. Cerebral hemispheres - the left and right halves of the cerebrum. They are separated by a deep groove ...
... Cerebral cortex - outer gray matter. It contains groups of nerve cell bodies (nuclei) for higher intellectual functions. Gyri or convolutions - folds of cortex. Sulci - shallow grooves between gyri. Cerebral hemispheres - the left and right halves of the cerebrum. They are separated by a deep groove ...
Effects of Correlated Input on Development of Structure in an
... shows LRTCs by estimating its Hurst coefficient, H, with “ 12 < H < 1 corresponding to long-term dependence” (Davies & Harte 1987). Although it is beyond the scope of this report, it should be noted that estimating the Hurst coefficient should be done using more than one method as there are biases i ...
... shows LRTCs by estimating its Hurst coefficient, H, with “ 12 < H < 1 corresponding to long-term dependence” (Davies & Harte 1987). Although it is beyond the scope of this report, it should be noted that estimating the Hurst coefficient should be done using more than one method as there are biases i ...
A Cellular Structure for Online Routing of Digital Spiking Neuron
... Figure 4 shows the internal architecture of the glial cells. Each glial cell consists of a synapse unit, ten MUXs, and eight DFFs for routing axons and dendrites. On each side of a glial cell, there is one axonal output coming from a pipeline DFF connected to a MUX. Each axonal MUX can switch to any ...
... Figure 4 shows the internal architecture of the glial cells. Each glial cell consists of a synapse unit, ten MUXs, and eight DFFs for routing axons and dendrites. On each side of a glial cell, there is one axonal output coming from a pipeline DFF connected to a MUX. Each axonal MUX can switch to any ...
Heterogeneity of GABAergic Cells in Cat Visual Cortex
... Specificity tests. For all antisera used in the present study, method specificity was checked on sections adjacent to those that were positively stained. The following tests were performed: (1) substitution of the primary antiserum by normal rabbit serum; (2) sequential omission of various steps in ...
... Specificity tests. For all antisera used in the present study, method specificity was checked on sections adjacent to those that were positively stained. The following tests were performed: (1) substitution of the primary antiserum by normal rabbit serum; (2) sequential omission of various steps in ...
Catecholamines, Fractionated, 24-Hour Urine
... adrenal medulla, and norepinephrine and dopamine by the adrenal medulla and postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Catecholamines are excreted in urine both intact and as metabolites (metanephrines and vanillylmandelic acid). Elevated urinary catecholamine concentrations are detected in the majority of ...
... adrenal medulla, and norepinephrine and dopamine by the adrenal medulla and postganglionic sympathetic neurons. Catecholamines are excreted in urine both intact and as metabolites (metanephrines and vanillylmandelic acid). Elevated urinary catecholamine concentrations are detected in the majority of ...
Neurobiologically Inspired Robotics: Enhanced Autonomy through
... that uses a hierarchical feature representation to deal with spontaneous emotions, and learns how to integrate multiple modalities for non-verbal emotion recognition, making it suitable to be used in an HRI scenario (Barros, Jirak, Weber, & Wermter, 2015). Computational approaches. This special issu ...
... that uses a hierarchical feature representation to deal with spontaneous emotions, and learns how to integrate multiple modalities for non-verbal emotion recognition, making it suitable to be used in an HRI scenario (Barros, Jirak, Weber, & Wermter, 2015). Computational approaches. This special issu ...
Ajna Light Theory and Science Guy Harriman June 2015 The Ajna
... seem well suited for their primary role as light detectors for non-image forming visual reflexes. However, many mysteries remain, and an untold number of functions for this rare and special type of ganglion cell should not be overlooked. Their invertebrate-like phototransduction cascade makes them u ...
... seem well suited for their primary role as light detectors for non-image forming visual reflexes. However, many mysteries remain, and an untold number of functions for this rare and special type of ganglion cell should not be overlooked. Their invertebrate-like phototransduction cascade makes them u ...
MSc Thesis Template Document
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
... Figure 40 Synapse or Syndesis or Synapsis .................................................................................. 37 Figure 41 The Synaptic Gap at a Synapse .................................................................................... 38 Figure 42 Neurons: Synapses in the Neural Ne ...
Lecture 14: The Spinal Cord
... 2. Trace the path of somatic motor information from the spinal cord to the periphery. 3. Trace the path of somatic sensory information from the periphery into the spinal cord. 4. What is another name for the visceral motor system? 5. Name one or more muscles that are innervated by each of the bo ...
... 2. Trace the path of somatic motor information from the spinal cord to the periphery. 3. Trace the path of somatic sensory information from the periphery into the spinal cord. 4. What is another name for the visceral motor system? 5. Name one or more muscles that are innervated by each of the bo ...
Chapter 1
... Main function is the production of offspring Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones Remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus Mammary glands produce milk to nourish the ...
... Main function is the production of offspring Ovaries produce eggs and female sex hormones Remaining structures serve as sites for fertilization and development of the fetus Mammary glands produce milk to nourish the ...
primary motor Cortex
... The voltage-gated K+ channel has only one gate, which is typically closed at the resting membrane potential. This gate also opens in response to depolarization of the membrane toward zero. However, unlike the activation gate of the voltagegated Na+ channel that opens very quickly, this gate opens ve ...
... The voltage-gated K+ channel has only one gate, which is typically closed at the resting membrane potential. This gate also opens in response to depolarization of the membrane toward zero. However, unlike the activation gate of the voltagegated Na+ channel that opens very quickly, this gate opens ve ...
Histamine neurons in the tuberomamillary nucleus: a whole center
... However, perfusion of the posterior hypothalamus with mAEA did not change significantly histamine release from the perirhinal cortex (Passani et al., 2007; Table 1) despite the profuse histaminergic innervation of this region (Panula et al., 1989) and the presence of histaminergic receptors (Pillot ...
... However, perfusion of the posterior hypothalamus with mAEA did not change significantly histamine release from the perirhinal cortex (Passani et al., 2007; Table 1) despite the profuse histaminergic innervation of this region (Panula et al., 1989) and the presence of histaminergic receptors (Pillot ...
Evolution of Specialized Pyramidal Neurons in
... from three neurologically normal individuals (69–85 years old) and were prepared as described previously [Rivara et al., 2003]. Samples were dissected from the lateral precentral gyrus or the lateral convexity of the cortex corresponding to the approximate location of forelimb representation of area ...
... from three neurologically normal individuals (69–85 years old) and were prepared as described previously [Rivara et al., 2003]. Samples were dissected from the lateral precentral gyrus or the lateral convexity of the cortex corresponding to the approximate location of forelimb representation of area ...
Neurophysiology of Pain - International Pain School
... • It is important to know the basic structure of the nervous system. • This will help in – understanding the mechanism by which nociceptive signals are produced. – know the different regions of the nervous system involved in processing these signals. – learn how the different medications and treatme ...
... • It is important to know the basic structure of the nervous system. • This will help in – understanding the mechanism by which nociceptive signals are produced. – know the different regions of the nervous system involved in processing these signals. – learn how the different medications and treatme ...
Chapter_Twenty_1_
... muscles during surgery, or to relax intestinal muscles in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. – Atropine is also used as I an antidote for cholinesterase poisons such as organophosphorus (insecticides). By blocking receptors – it counteracts the effects of the excess acetylcholine which has ...
... muscles during surgery, or to relax intestinal muscles in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. – Atropine is also used as I an antidote for cholinesterase poisons such as organophosphorus (insecticides). By blocking receptors – it counteracts the effects of the excess acetylcholine which has ...
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the central nervous
... stacks obtained by scanning microscopy were processed and edited using the 3-D reconstruction software IMARIS (Bitplane AG, Zürich). All confocal images are based on stacks of between 50 and 170 optical sections of a z-series taken at intervals of 0.2–0.4 m. Discrimination between nerve cells and o ...
... stacks obtained by scanning microscopy were processed and edited using the 3-D reconstruction software IMARIS (Bitplane AG, Zürich). All confocal images are based on stacks of between 50 and 170 optical sections of a z-series taken at intervals of 0.2–0.4 m. Discrimination between nerve cells and o ...
2 m – 32. Autonomous part of the peripheral nervous system
... Giving definition: an autonomous part of the peripheral nervous system (autonomic nervous system), parts, features, objects innervation. Treat morphological differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. Identify and demonstrate on the preparations of t ...
... Giving definition: an autonomous part of the peripheral nervous system (autonomic nervous system), parts, features, objects innervation. Treat morphological differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. Identify and demonstrate on the preparations of t ...
Nolte – Chapter 3 (Gross Anatomy and General
... vibration would be something that would get it to fire. o Receptor type depends on location and quality homonculus o Extrinsic mechanism can affect reception as well bright light can be received but can also trigger a contraction of the pupil. ...
... vibration would be something that would get it to fire. o Receptor type depends on location and quality homonculus o Extrinsic mechanism can affect reception as well bright light can be received but can also trigger a contraction of the pupil. ...
Neural representation of action sequences: how far can
... provide input to the STS. Specifically, we use the HMAX family of models, which include models of the ventral [14] and dorsal [15] streams. These models receive pixel images as input, and simulate visual processing up to areas V4/IT (ventral) and areas MT/MST (dorsal). Such models build hierarchies ...
... provide input to the STS. Specifically, we use the HMAX family of models, which include models of the ventral [14] and dorsal [15] streams. These models receive pixel images as input, and simulate visual processing up to areas V4/IT (ventral) and areas MT/MST (dorsal). Such models build hierarchies ...
To Understand The Organization Of Cranial nerves
... 2. VE (Visceral Efferent) Nuclei: represent the cranial portion of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons). Two important nuclei: 1) Parasympathetic nucleus of III: innervates the pupillary constrictor muscle & the ciliary body mu ...
... 2. VE (Visceral Efferent) Nuclei: represent the cranial portion of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (contain preganglionic parasympathetic neurons). Two important nuclei: 1) Parasympathetic nucleus of III: innervates the pupillary constrictor muscle & the ciliary body mu ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.