C. Madigan, M.H. Lu, and J.C. Sturm, "Improvement of output coupling efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes by substrate modification," Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, pp. 1650-1652 (2000).
... when compared with devices fabricated on typical planar glass substrates, can at least double the coupling efficiency when glass substrates are used and at least triple it when high-index plastic substrates are used. The work is accompanied by modeling, as well as demonstration of how the far field ...
... when compared with devices fabricated on typical planar glass substrates, can at least double the coupling efficiency when glass substrates are used and at least triple it when high-index plastic substrates are used. The work is accompanied by modeling, as well as demonstration of how the far field ...
Chapter 15 Stars, Galaxies, and Universe Galaxies
... Measuring Distances to Stars Astronomers often use parallax to measure distances to nearby stars (within a few hundred light years, that is). ...
... Measuring Distances to Stars Astronomers often use parallax to measure distances to nearby stars (within a few hundred light years, that is). ...
Rotation of the Sun - University of California, Berkeley
... different liquid compounds and put them far underground. Since neutrinos hardly react to anything we expect to detect only 1 neutrino per day interacting with the liquid in the tank! After decades of experiments we’ve now actually detected the amount that we expect. But found that we were detecting ...
... different liquid compounds and put them far underground. Since neutrinos hardly react to anything we expect to detect only 1 neutrino per day interacting with the liquid in the tank! After decades of experiments we’ve now actually detected the amount that we expect. But found that we were detecting ...
Требования к файлу доклада для публикации
... For such rapid microlensing to occur, 2 conditions must be met. The quasar must have very sharp structure, with size scale of order 1 R_g, and the lens galaxy must have fine granular structure with the mass of planets, meaning that technically we are observing nano-lensing. The only structure imagi ...
... For such rapid microlensing to occur, 2 conditions must be met. The quasar must have very sharp structure, with size scale of order 1 R_g, and the lens galaxy must have fine granular structure with the mass of planets, meaning that technically we are observing nano-lensing. The only structure imagi ...
Lec16_2D
... When Galaxies Collide When galaxies collide, the stars do not. (They’re much too far apart.) However, Galaxies can be tidally distorted, or even torn apart. The Hubble types of the galaxies can change. The gas clouds within each galaxy can collide. The increased density of gas can cause lots ...
... When Galaxies Collide When galaxies collide, the stars do not. (They’re much too far apart.) However, Galaxies can be tidally distorted, or even torn apart. The Hubble types of the galaxies can change. The gas clouds within each galaxy can collide. The increased density of gas can cause lots ...
Geometric Optics
... If light enters a medium of lower index of refraction, it will be bent away from the normal. If the angle of incidence is large enough, the angle of refraction is 90°; at larger incident angles the light will be totally reflected. ...
... If light enters a medium of lower index of refraction, it will be bent away from the normal. If the angle of incidence is large enough, the angle of refraction is 90°; at larger incident angles the light will be totally reflected. ...
Extraordinary Gamma-Ray Burst
... The observed X-ray luminosity of Swift 1644+57, however, is well beyond that seen from typical quasars, while its optical luminosity is approximately 10,000 times fainter. Additionally, to produce the observed X-ray luminosity in the initial outburst detected by Swift, the black hole at the center o ...
... The observed X-ray luminosity of Swift 1644+57, however, is well beyond that seen from typical quasars, while its optical luminosity is approximately 10,000 times fainter. Additionally, to produce the observed X-ray luminosity in the initial outburst detected by Swift, the black hole at the center o ...
Discovery of a Companion Candidate in the HD169142 Transition
... location of HD169142 we do not expect to have a single object with apparent magnitude L′ ≤12.2 mag and J − L′ ≥ 1.6 mag. Due to the limited precision in the astrometry for both the object and the nearby disk structures, we cannot fully exclude that the emission is originated in the disk rim. However ...
... location of HD169142 we do not expect to have a single object with apparent magnitude L′ ≤12.2 mag and J − L′ ≥ 1.6 mag. Due to the limited precision in the astrometry for both the object and the nearby disk structures, we cannot fully exclude that the emission is originated in the disk rim. However ...
Natasha Wood
... more edge-on view with respect to the accretion disk. If this is the case the reflection component (X-ray emission from the hot corona) which is scattered by the accretion disk or the inside walls of the molecular torus should be more intense in Sy1 than in Sy2. Furthermore, the X-ray spectrum measu ...
... more edge-on view with respect to the accretion disk. If this is the case the reflection component (X-ray emission from the hot corona) which is scattered by the accretion disk or the inside walls of the molecular torus should be more intense in Sy1 than in Sy2. Furthermore, the X-ray spectrum measu ...
ph507lecnote07
... Photograph of the solar corona during the July, 1991 eclipse, at the peak of the sunspot cycle. At these times, the corona is much less regular and much more extended than at sunspot minimum. Astronomers believe that coronal heating is caused by surface activity on the Sun. The changing shape and si ...
... Photograph of the solar corona during the July, 1991 eclipse, at the peak of the sunspot cycle. At these times, the corona is much less regular and much more extended than at sunspot minimum. Astronomers believe that coronal heating is caused by surface activity on the Sun. The changing shape and si ...
Galaxy Collisions, Gas Stripping and Star Formation in the Evolution
... mainly at intermediate redshifts 0.5 < z < 5 (Gnedin 2003). Galaxies entering clusters with low relative velocities merge their halos with the cluster and their subsequent dynamical evolution is due to perturbations along their orbit. The infalling galaxy groups experience merger events of their mem ...
... mainly at intermediate redshifts 0.5 < z < 5 (Gnedin 2003). Galaxies entering clusters with low relative velocities merge their halos with the cluster and their subsequent dynamical evolution is due to perturbations along their orbit. The infalling galaxy groups experience merger events of their mem ...
Document
... and evolution. As a result of the hard work of many great minds, we now have an understanding of how galaxies form and evolve, which can explains, with a good degree of accuracy, what we see in the Universe. However, as in other natural sciences, any progress in understanding galaxies reveals new pu ...
... and evolution. As a result of the hard work of many great minds, we now have an understanding of how galaxies form and evolve, which can explains, with a good degree of accuracy, what we see in the Universe. However, as in other natural sciences, any progress in understanding galaxies reveals new pu ...
Solar Energy, Kit #1:
... individual particle (unit or quantum) of light is called a photon. Since individual photons possess tiny amounts of energy, it takes many many to obtain a measurable amount of energy. Counting photons is done in units of moles (mol), for which there are 6.02 x 1023 photons/mol. Photons have differen ...
... individual particle (unit or quantum) of light is called a photon. Since individual photons possess tiny amounts of energy, it takes many many to obtain a measurable amount of energy. Counting photons is done in units of moles (mol), for which there are 6.02 x 1023 photons/mol. Photons have differen ...