Page | 1 CHAPTER 2: THE BIOLOGY OF BEHAVIOR The Nervous
... neural impulse’s intensity. The neuron’s reaction is an all-or-none response: Like guns, neurons either fire or they don’t. How then do we detect the intensity of a stimulus? How do we distinguish a gentle touch from a big hug? A strong stimulus—a slap rather than a tap—can trigger more neurons to f ...
... neural impulse’s intensity. The neuron’s reaction is an all-or-none response: Like guns, neurons either fire or they don’t. How then do we detect the intensity of a stimulus? How do we distinguish a gentle touch from a big hug? A strong stimulus—a slap rather than a tap—can trigger more neurons to f ...
Neural Networks - School of Computer Science
... AI Methods 7. Types of Network The simple networks we have considered above only have input neurons and output neurons. It is considered a one layer network (the input neurons are not normally considered to form a layer as they are just a means of getting data into the network). Also, in the networ ...
... AI Methods 7. Types of Network The simple networks we have considered above only have input neurons and output neurons. It is considered a one layer network (the input neurons are not normally considered to form a layer as they are just a means of getting data into the network). Also, in the networ ...
Regulation of Action-Potential Firing in Spiny Neurons of the Rat
... biocytin. The threshold for action-potential firing was measured under three different conditions: 1) electrical stimulation of the contralateral cerebral cortex, 2) brief directly applied current pulses, and 3) spontaneous action-potentials occurring during spontaneous episodes of depolarization ( ...
... biocytin. The threshold for action-potential firing was measured under three different conditions: 1) electrical stimulation of the contralateral cerebral cortex, 2) brief directly applied current pulses, and 3) spontaneous action-potentials occurring during spontaneous episodes of depolarization ( ...
Aggregate Input-Output Models of Neuronal Populations
... Different models have been proposed over the years to gauge the effect of neurons in one site on neurons in another. Many are biophysical-based models, which characterize the nonlinear dynamics of ionic conductances and synapses between neurons [6], [7]. Although useful in understanding underlying p ...
... Different models have been proposed over the years to gauge the effect of neurons in one site on neurons in another. Many are biophysical-based models, which characterize the nonlinear dynamics of ionic conductances and synapses between neurons [6], [7]. Although useful in understanding underlying p ...
moth`s nervous system - Wageningen UR E
... £10,£12,Z14-16:AL input channel and do not respond differently when the complete, natural blend is presented to the antenna. These cells may therefore be involved in mediating general arousal in response to sex pheromone but apparently do not contribute to species recognition. In contrast, we refer ...
... £10,£12,Z14-16:AL input channel and do not respond differently when the complete, natural blend is presented to the antenna. These cells may therefore be involved in mediating general arousal in response to sex pheromone but apparently do not contribute to species recognition. In contrast, we refer ...
PAPER Glucosensing neurons do more than just sense glucose
... and transmitter release. There are two types of glucosensing neurons that either increase (glucose responsive, GR) or decrease (glucose sensitive, GS) their firing rate as brain glucose levels rise. Little is known about the mechanism by which GS neurons sense glucose. However, GR neurons appear to ...
... and transmitter release. There are two types of glucosensing neurons that either increase (glucose responsive, GR) or decrease (glucose sensitive, GS) their firing rate as brain glucose levels rise. Little is known about the mechanism by which GS neurons sense glucose. However, GR neurons appear to ...
Introduction_to_the_Nervous_System1
... Introduction to the Nervous System A brief introduction to understanding the nervous system with remarks re the autonomic nervous system. The nervous system works like this: There are many kinds of receptors in the body, each sensitive to a specific stimulus: heat, cold, pressure, light of the visib ...
... Introduction to the Nervous System A brief introduction to understanding the nervous system with remarks re the autonomic nervous system. The nervous system works like this: There are many kinds of receptors in the body, each sensitive to a specific stimulus: heat, cold, pressure, light of the visib ...
Name
... 3. _____ Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous. 4. _____ When repolarization has occurred, an impulse cannot be conducted. 5. _____ The action potential is an all-or-none response. 6. _____ In an adult, the nervous system is replete with both electrical and chemical synapses. 7. _____ Ra ...
... 3. _____ Action potential and nerve impulse are synonymous. 4. _____ When repolarization has occurred, an impulse cannot be conducted. 5. _____ The action potential is an all-or-none response. 6. _____ In an adult, the nervous system is replete with both electrical and chemical synapses. 7. _____ Ra ...
Olfactory Coding in the Honeybee Lateral Horn
... calcium imaging, we show consistent neural activity in the honeybee lateral horn upon stimulation with both floral volatiles and social pheromones. Recordings reveal odorspecific maps in this brain region as stimulations with the same odorant elicit more similar spatial activity patterns than stimul ...
... calcium imaging, we show consistent neural activity in the honeybee lateral horn upon stimulation with both floral volatiles and social pheromones. Recordings reveal odorspecific maps in this brain region as stimulations with the same odorant elicit more similar spatial activity patterns than stimul ...
The NEURON Simulation Environment
... the implementation of the built−in integrate and fire models, but these topics are beyond the scope of this paper. NEURON’s strategy for dealing with synaptic connections emerged from techniques initially developed by Destexhe et al. (1994) and Lytton (1996). This strategy is based on a very simple ...
... the implementation of the built−in integrate and fire models, but these topics are beyond the scope of this paper. NEURON’s strategy for dealing with synaptic connections emerged from techniques initially developed by Destexhe et al. (1994) and Lytton (1996). This strategy is based on a very simple ...
Expectation of reward modulates cognitive signals in the basal ganglia
... reward is given for all correct trials, so that the motivational state of the subject is assumed to be the same no matter which stimulus (or stimulus feature) represents the correct response. This model is therefore ideal for investigating the cognitive aspect of action or attention, but not the mot ...
... reward is given for all correct trials, so that the motivational state of the subject is assumed to be the same no matter which stimulus (or stimulus feature) represents the correct response. This model is therefore ideal for investigating the cognitive aspect of action or attention, but not the mot ...
Neuronal mechanisms for the perception of ambiguous stimuli
... the argument can be made that sites showing signs of perceptual modulation ought to be dispersed throughout wide regions of the visual brain. Some ways of breaking this deadlock are therefore required. In the case of binocular rivalry, interest has centred on the question of whether or not the rival ...
... the argument can be made that sites showing signs of perceptual modulation ought to be dispersed throughout wide regions of the visual brain. Some ways of breaking this deadlock are therefore required. In the case of binocular rivalry, interest has centred on the question of whether or not the rival ...
Linking Neural Activity to Visual Perception: Separating Sensory and
... ‘fast’, ‘far’ or ‘near’, are some of the simplest features that we can assign to a visual stimulus and are some of the basic attributes that we can perceive. But the transition from neural activity to perception is not simple and remains largely unknown. This process is not intractable, however, and ...
... ‘fast’, ‘far’ or ‘near’, are some of the simplest features that we can assign to a visual stimulus and are some of the basic attributes that we can perceive. But the transition from neural activity to perception is not simple and remains largely unknown. This process is not intractable, however, and ...
Fading memory and kernel properties of generic cortical microcircuit
... very short) time windows, regardless of the complexity of the input. In this case the domain D and range R consist of time-varying functions u(Æ), y(Æ) (with analog inputs and outputs), rather than of static character strings. If one excites a sufficiently complex recurrent circuit (or other medium) w ...
... very short) time windows, regardless of the complexity of the input. In this case the domain D and range R consist of time-varying functions u(Æ), y(Æ) (with analog inputs and outputs), rather than of static character strings. If one excites a sufficiently complex recurrent circuit (or other medium) w ...
A coincidence detector neural network model of selective attention
... the basic pattern of results obtained in perceptual load experiments, explains how cues may interact with perceptual load, and takes into account the effects of salience. The model is based on recent findings about the neural synchronization between cortical areas during the execution of attentional ...
... the basic pattern of results obtained in perceptual load experiments, explains how cues may interact with perceptual load, and takes into account the effects of salience. The model is based on recent findings about the neural synchronization between cortical areas during the execution of attentional ...
Mechanisms of response homeostasis during retinocollicular map
... inherently unstable and would lead to the runaway excitation or depression of circuits if left unchecked. In the last decade, a number of elegant studies have demonstrated that homeostatic plasticity mechanisms exist to stabilize neural networks and maintain the constancy of neuronal output in respo ...
... inherently unstable and would lead to the runaway excitation or depression of circuits if left unchecked. In the last decade, a number of elegant studies have demonstrated that homeostatic plasticity mechanisms exist to stabilize neural networks and maintain the constancy of neuronal output in respo ...
Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence
... Excitatory burst neurons (EBNs) are thought to drive the burst of activity in ipsilateral motoneurons. Inhibitory burst neurons (IBNs) inhibit the contralateral motor neurons, thus seeming to control the pause in motoneuron firing during movements in the off direction. Tonic neurons (TNs) exhibit r ...
... Excitatory burst neurons (EBNs) are thought to drive the burst of activity in ipsilateral motoneurons. Inhibitory burst neurons (IBNs) inhibit the contralateral motor neurons, thus seeming to control the pause in motoneuron firing during movements in the off direction. Tonic neurons (TNs) exhibit r ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS - Test Bank, Manual Solution, Solution Manual
... c. In most neurons the absolute refractory period is about 1 ms and the relative refractory period is another 2-4 ms. C. Propagation of the Action Potential 1. The action potential begins at the axon hillock (a swelling located where the axon exits the cell body). 2. The action potential is regenera ...
... c. In most neurons the absolute refractory period is about 1 ms and the relative refractory period is another 2-4 ms. C. Propagation of the Action Potential 1. The action potential begins at the axon hillock (a swelling located where the axon exits the cell body). 2. The action potential is regenera ...
Action potential
... “Information” travels within the nervous system as propagated electrical signals (action potentials) The most important information (vision, balance, motor commands) is carried by large-diameter, ...
... “Information” travels within the nervous system as propagated electrical signals (action potentials) The most important information (vision, balance, motor commands) is carried by large-diameter, ...
Second-Order Patterns in Human Visual Cortex`` on ``Orientation
... processing of second-order textures is distributed across visual areas rather than specialized within a single cortical region. The similarity in the magnitude of fMRI adaptation across visual areas for first-order stimuli suggests that these effects could be accounted for by orientation selective a ...
... processing of second-order textures is distributed across visual areas rather than specialized within a single cortical region. The similarity in the magnitude of fMRI adaptation across visual areas for first-order stimuli suggests that these effects could be accounted for by orientation selective a ...
Cell assemblies in the cerebral cortex Günther Palm, Andreas
... at the total density of axons in the cortex of about 4 km/mm3 (Braitenberg and Schüz 1998). Another interesting fact shown by these numbers in the mouse is the quantitative dominance of shorter connections (i.e. within an area and between neighbouring areas) over longer ones. This seems to be a gene ...
... at the total density of axons in the cortex of about 4 km/mm3 (Braitenberg and Schüz 1998). Another interesting fact shown by these numbers in the mouse is the quantitative dominance of shorter connections (i.e. within an area and between neighbouring areas) over longer ones. This seems to be a gene ...
Chapter 49 and 50 Presentations-Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
... this information must be relayed quickly so that an appropriate response can occur. This relay of information is accomplished via an action potential which synapses with a series of other neurons along the way—sometimes up to 100,000! ...
... this information must be relayed quickly so that an appropriate response can occur. This relay of information is accomplished via an action potential which synapses with a series of other neurons along the way—sometimes up to 100,000! ...