Lesson 2
... To help you better understand the Coriolis forces on a rotating sphere, a Coriolis Model has been provided to simulate the motion of an object sliding without friction on a sphere with the same size and rotational speed as Earth. The object is allowed to slide freely for 7 days and you are allowed t ...
... To help you better understand the Coriolis forces on a rotating sphere, a Coriolis Model has been provided to simulate the motion of an object sliding without friction on a sphere with the same size and rotational speed as Earth. The object is allowed to slide freely for 7 days and you are allowed t ...
File
... Subduction Zones and Volcanoes At some convergent boundaries, an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. Oceanic crust tends to be denser and thinner than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent and pulled under, or subducted, beneath the lighter and thicker continental cru ...
... Subduction Zones and Volcanoes At some convergent boundaries, an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate. Oceanic crust tends to be denser and thinner than continental crust, so the denser oceanic crust gets bent and pulled under, or subducted, beneath the lighter and thicker continental cru ...
Lecture 2
... Ø NO3- is the most oxidized form of nitrogen and it is uptaken by phytoplankton, bacteria, and plants in aerobic environments. Ø NO3- is reduced by assimilation processes involving several enzymes (e.g. nitrate reductase) to -NH2 (amine) form. Amine is used in metabolic processes. Ø NO3- is also use ...
... Ø NO3- is the most oxidized form of nitrogen and it is uptaken by phytoplankton, bacteria, and plants in aerobic environments. Ø NO3- is reduced by assimilation processes involving several enzymes (e.g. nitrate reductase) to -NH2 (amine) form. Amine is used in metabolic processes. Ø NO3- is also use ...
seafloor-spreading
... relationship between heat flow rate and distance from the mid ocean ridge? A) ...
... relationship between heat flow rate and distance from the mid ocean ridge? A) ...
seafloor-spreading
... relationship between heat flow rate and distance from the mid ocean ridge? A) ...
... relationship between heat flow rate and distance from the mid ocean ridge? A) ...
A mission concept for simultaneous measurements of marine winds
... knowledge of the dynamics of the global ocean circulation thus becomes imperative. An accurate prediction of climate conditions requires global measurements of the forcing of the ocean waters and of their motion. Ocean flows depend on aspects such as temperature and salt content, which together deter ...
... knowledge of the dynamics of the global ocean circulation thus becomes imperative. An accurate prediction of climate conditions requires global measurements of the forcing of the ocean waters and of their motion. Ocean flows depend on aspects such as temperature and salt content, which together deter ...
Observed and projected trends in Antarctic sea ice
... satellite era. We view The timescale at which the upper ocean transitions these observations as strong evidence that the observed from the fast surface cooling to the eventual warming in trends in Southern Ocean sea ice and SSTs since 1950 response to westerly wind forcing is of critical importance ...
... satellite era. We view The timescale at which the upper ocean transitions these observations as strong evidence that the observed from the fast surface cooling to the eventual warming in trends in Southern Ocean sea ice and SSTs since 1950 response to westerly wind forcing is of critical importance ...
Earth`s Interior Practice ASSIGNMENT
... radioactive data0.4 million(4) D) arrival time of P-waves A) ...
... radioactive data0.4 million(4) D) arrival time of P-waves A) ...
Plate Tectonics
... Example - the idea of a super continent called Pangaea that existed millions of years ago. ...
... Example - the idea of a super continent called Pangaea that existed millions of years ago. ...
Census of seafloor sediments in world`s ocean basins
... control the geologic accumulation of biogenic carbonate and silica as are very difficult to quantify, even on a local scale (e.g., 14, 15). Our digital map of seafloor sediments provides a missing link for constraining global relationships between the seafloor and the sea surface for which comprehe ...
... control the geologic accumulation of biogenic carbonate and silica as are very difficult to quantify, even on a local scale (e.g., 14, 15). Our digital map of seafloor sediments provides a missing link for constraining global relationships between the seafloor and the sea surface for which comprehe ...
What is Plate Tectonics
... • Slab pull (oceanic plates dragged down at convergent boundaries due to increasing density as they cool) ? • Or…combination of these ? ...
... • Slab pull (oceanic plates dragged down at convergent boundaries due to increasing density as they cool) ? • Or…combination of these ? ...
Document
... may cause brittle or ductile deformation. b). Evaluate the importance of the depth in the lithosphere on the types of deformation produced. ...
... may cause brittle or ductile deformation. b). Evaluate the importance of the depth in the lithosphere on the types of deformation produced. ...
No Plumes Along Mid-Ocean Ridges
... shallow ridges with a thick crust. In contrast, they proposed that short melting columns that start at low T and P produce melts that are low in Fe8, high in Na8, and characteristic of deep ridges with a thin crust. These were called the global trends and were considered to be characteristic of ridg ...
... shallow ridges with a thick crust. In contrast, they proposed that short melting columns that start at low T and P produce melts that are low in Fe8, high in Na8, and characteristic of deep ridges with a thin crust. These were called the global trends and were considered to be characteristic of ridg ...
Overview Earth`s Oceans Ocean Size and Depth Earth`s Oceans
... • Juan Sebastian del Caño completed the circumnavigation in 1522. • Voyages paved the way for the Spanish to take gold from the Incas and Mayas. • Spain’s maritime dominance ended when England defeated the Spanish Armada in ...
... • Juan Sebastian del Caño completed the circumnavigation in 1522. • Voyages paved the way for the Spanish to take gold from the Incas and Mayas. • Spain’s maritime dominance ended when England defeated the Spanish Armada in ...
2008, final Lecture 12 deep sea and hydro vents
... extreme pressure, and vent water temperatures from 10°C to 400°C • All these creatures are dependant on bacteria which use H2S from vent water as a primary energy source. These bacteria occur in the tissues of clams and tube worms and utilize the H2S which would otherwise be toxic to other ...
... extreme pressure, and vent water temperatures from 10°C to 400°C • All these creatures are dependant on bacteria which use H2S from vent water as a primary energy source. These bacteria occur in the tissues of clams and tube worms and utilize the H2S which would otherwise be toxic to other ...
The Lunenburg Bay Project
... to monitor the water temperature, salinity, velocity, surface waves, bottom stress and sea level. Newly developed optical sensors recorded the colour and clarity of the water, which were related to the amount of plant life, suspended sediment and coloured dissolved organic matter in the water. An ar ...
... to monitor the water temperature, salinity, velocity, surface waves, bottom stress and sea level. Newly developed optical sensors recorded the colour and clarity of the water, which were related to the amount of plant life, suspended sediment and coloured dissolved organic matter in the water. An ar ...
Inside the Earth
... • the movement of two oceanic plates away from each other (at a divergent plate boundary), which results in the formation of new oceanic crust (from magma that comes from within the Earth's mantle) along a a mid-ocean ridge. • Ocean floor spreading was first suggested by Harry Hess and Robert Dietz ...
... • the movement of two oceanic plates away from each other (at a divergent plate boundary), which results in the formation of new oceanic crust (from magma that comes from within the Earth's mantle) along a a mid-ocean ridge. • Ocean floor spreading was first suggested by Harry Hess and Robert Dietz ...
Inside the Earth
... • the movement of two oceanic plates away from each other (at a divergent plate boundary), which results in the formation of new oceanic crust (from magma that comes from within the Earth's mantle) along a a mid-ocean ridge. • Ocean floor spreading was first suggested by Harry Hess and Robert Dietz ...
... • the movement of two oceanic plates away from each other (at a divergent plate boundary), which results in the formation of new oceanic crust (from magma that comes from within the Earth's mantle) along a a mid-ocean ridge. • Ocean floor spreading was first suggested by Harry Hess and Robert Dietz ...
Our Haven, Planet Earth
... The information we have concerning the composition of the stars, planets, their satellites (or moons) and comets has been obtained from astronomical observations conducted from Earth and, more recently, from observations obtained by spacecraft launched from Earth to explore our galaxy. The astronomi ...
... The information we have concerning the composition of the stars, planets, their satellites (or moons) and comets has been obtained from astronomical observations conducted from Earth and, more recently, from observations obtained by spacecraft launched from Earth to explore our galaxy. The astronomi ...
to Ch. 9 Notes
... The discovery of strips of alternating polarity, which lie as mirror images across the ocean ridges, is among the strongest evidence of________________________. Earthquake Patterns • found a close link between deep-focus earthquakes and_______________. • The absence of deep-focus earthquakes alo ...
... The discovery of strips of alternating polarity, which lie as mirror images across the ocean ridges, is among the strongest evidence of________________________. Earthquake Patterns • found a close link between deep-focus earthquakes and_______________. • The absence of deep-focus earthquakes alo ...
Assembly and Breakup of Supercontinents
... supercontinent whose dismembered fragments had later reassembled to form the younger Pangea supercontinent. The Earth is a Living Planet There was a time when the earth-scientists were divided amongst themselves on the question of permanency of oceans and continents, into fixist and mobilist groups. ...
... supercontinent whose dismembered fragments had later reassembled to form the younger Pangea supercontinent. The Earth is a Living Planet There was a time when the earth-scientists were divided amongst themselves on the question of permanency of oceans and continents, into fixist and mobilist groups. ...
The Indian Ocean Dipole – the unsung driver of climate variability in
... climate system and more local influences. This relationship with ENSO activity has led to uncertainty about the origin and sphere of influence of the IOD with the controversy continuing. Black, Slingo & Sperber (2003) advocate that Indian Ocean zonal mode, a synonym for IOD, should not be viewed as ...
... climate system and more local influences. This relationship with ENSO activity has led to uncertainty about the origin and sphere of influence of the IOD with the controversy continuing. Black, Slingo & Sperber (2003) advocate that Indian Ocean zonal mode, a synonym for IOD, should not be viewed as ...
Chapter 7
... • Thermal plumes are concentrated areas of heat rising from near the core-mantle boundary. Hot spots are present on the Earth's surface above a thermal plume. • The lithosphere expands and domes upward, above a thermal plume. The uplifted area splits into three radiating fractures, forming a triple ...
... • Thermal plumes are concentrated areas of heat rising from near the core-mantle boundary. Hot spots are present on the Earth's surface above a thermal plume. • The lithosphere expands and domes upward, above a thermal plume. The uplifted area splits into three radiating fractures, forming a triple ...
Ocean
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.