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Full Report
Full Report

... are of particular relevance to the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse. These include dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, opioids and other neuropeptides, gamma amino butyric add (GABA), and glutamate. A neuron can have thousands of receptors for many different neurotransmitters. Some neurotrans ...
Extraction Methods, Basic Structures and Mode of Action as
Extraction Methods, Basic Structures and Mode of Action as

... entire world and currently is being integrated into mainstream medicine. Different catalogues including De Materia Medica, Historia Plantarum, Species Plantarum have been variously published in attempt to provide scientific information on the medicinal uses of plants. The types of plants and methods ...
Stockholm University
Stockholm University

... galanin(2–6) (Lundström et al., 2005). Therefore a five amino acid long galanin fragment (WTLNS), starting from the second position, was chosen for the docking studies. The SNAP398299 synthetic compound was also used (Konkel et al., 2006). Molecular docking of the ligands into the receptor structure ...
Buprenorphine for Treating Opioid-Dependent Pregnant Women: Behavioral Pharmacology in Action
Buprenorphine for Treating Opioid-Dependent Pregnant Women: Behavioral Pharmacology in Action

... - US in midst of heroin epidemic that was peaking at this time and would last through much of 1950s - Other false hopes with opioids brought to US market diacetylmorphine (a.k.a. heroin in late 1890s) meperidine (a.k.a. Demerol in early 1940s) •  Conclusion of Isbell & Vogel (1949): “The results lea ...
Novel Fluorescent Probes Detect Different Types Of CYP450
Novel Fluorescent Probes Detect Different Types Of CYP450

... interactions. Testing compounds early in drug discovery for these unwanted interactions will permit elimination of unsuitable compounds and chemical series from further drug development. With the everexpanding pool of candidate drugs and increasing number of hits emerging from primary screening this ...
STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF  TELMISARTAN AND RAMIPRIL IN TABLETS 
STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF  TELMISARTAN AND RAMIPRIL IN TABLETS 

... were  added  as  500:125,  1000:250  and  1500:375  µg/ml  of  Telmisartan and Ramipril respectively. The peak areas of these three  ...
PHL 424 2nd S
PHL 424 2nd S

...  Substitutions on these rings are responsible for variation in the drugs‘ individual pharmacokinetics. Thus tetracyclines mainly differ in their absorption after oral administration and their elimination, causing small differences in their clinical efficacy  Absorption after oral administration is ...
DRUG CALCULATIONS
DRUG CALCULATIONS

... a prescription requires you to administer 25 micrograms. You have a pot of 0.05mg tablets. How many tablets do you need? Your first step is to make sure the units are the same. When converting units for this type of calculation it is usually easier to convert the number containing the decimal point ...
Multiple linear regression for protein secondary structure prediction
Multiple linear regression for protein secondary structure prediction

... Prediction of the three-dimensional structure of a protein from its sequence is becoming a pressing problem for many biologists because the discrepancy continues to increase between the number of known protein sequences and the number of experimentally determined structures. The prediction of second ...
Buspirone and Pindolol Effects on the EEG Frequency Spectrum in
Buspirone and Pindolol Effects on the EEG Frequency Spectrum in

... Ebmeier K.), Vol . 19, pp. 170-198. Karger, Basel. 2. Smith C.E., Ware C.J., & Cowen P.J. (1991) Pindolol decreases prolactin and growth hormone responses to intravenous L-tryptophan. Psychopharm. 103, 140-142. 3. Blier P., Seletti B., Young S.N., Benkelfat C., & de Montigny C. (1994) Serotonin 1A r ...
Erasmus Partner Universities of Ankara University Faculty of
Erasmus Partner Universities of Ankara University Faculty of

... of hot summers and mild winters. July and August are the hottest months with temperatures around 30°C. The humidity is a little high during summer in these regions. Temperatures increase a few degrees when traveling to the south and water temperatures also become warmer. The swimming season is from ...
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION AND VALIDATION OF AMOLODIPINE AND METAPROLOL
SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION AND VALIDATION OF AMOLODIPINE AND METAPROLOL

... (more accurately called the R-(+)Fig-1A and the S-(-)- enantiomers) Fig-1B. Only the (S)- form of this molecule is active against hypertension. When a mixture of (R) and (S)-forms (called a racemic mixture) is used, patients may experience adverse side-effects such as headache, dizziness, abdominal ...


... beta lactams. Thus the combination results in a powerful antimicrobial effect. The cation pump to cross the inner cell membrane can be a site of resistance to AG’s. ...
Wrath Thor UNSIN
Wrath Thor UNSIN

... administering a 5-HT1B agonist as treatment for wrath, it is likely that many adverse side effects would occur as a result of dispersed ligand binding throughout the brain. Furthermore, literature indicates that 5-HT1B receptors can elicit contrasting behavioural effects depending on their location. ...
cdph/oa/adap - Magellan Rx
cdph/oa/adap - Magellan Rx

... Management will request additional information (client and drug specific) before considering the authorization. Please call 1-800-424-5906 or check website for diagnosis or specific PA form at https://cdph.magellanrx.com. ...
Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying compulsive drug
Neural and psychological mechanisms underlying compulsive drug

... followed by an i.v. drug infusion – fixed ratio (FR) 1]. It is this methodology, developed by Weeks (1962), that has been used to define the nucleus accumbens and adjacent ventral striatal structures as a key site for the reinforcing effects of stimulants, opioids and other drugs of abuse (Roberts & K ...
Drug Testing - Mayo Medical Laboratories
Drug Testing - Mayo Medical Laboratories

SEMINAR ON - Pharmawiki.in
SEMINAR ON - Pharmawiki.in

... profiles identical to those obtained after an I.V injection and bioavailabilities approaching 100%. •Ex: fentanyl where the Tmax for both i.v and nasal administration is 7 min or less and the bioavailability was near to 80%. ...
Agrochemicals against Malaria, Sleeping Sickness, Leishmaniasis
Agrochemicals against Malaria, Sleeping Sickness, Leishmaniasis

... candidates like OZ439 [12]. In addition, the global malaria agenda has shifted from the mere control of clinical cases to malaria elimination and eventually eradication urgently requiring transmission blocking agents [13]. Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, is caus ...
formulation and evaluation of effervescent granules of an anti
formulation and evaluation of effervescent granules of an anti

... They show the special features like less irritation and greater tolerability, swallowing can be prevented; more stability is achieved, improved therapeutic effect. In this review formulation, manufacturing and applications of effervescent tablets were covered. The people are very busy with their sch ...
CUSTOM CARBON-14 RADIOLABELLING
CUSTOM CARBON-14 RADIOLABELLING

... starting from a single C-14 atom precursor. C-14 is a reactor-produced isotope requiring lengthy exposure of a nitrogen precursor to high flux neutron beam (14N(n,p)14C reaction) followed by isolation and purification to barium [C14] carbonate for distribution. Given valuable C-14 starting material ...
The Marijuana Detection Window
The Marijuana Detection Window

... smoking, necessary for cannabinoids to become non-detectable using traditional drug testing methods is the subject of debate among forensic toxicologists and a matter of on-going scientific research. This article makes no pretense to limit this important discussion, but rather, seeks to enhance it. ...
Diabetes (type II) treatment, Dec. 7
Diabetes (type II) treatment, Dec. 7

... – S pocket occupancy without interaction with AF2 helix may result in optimal PPARγ activity without side effects ...
Drug List
Drug List

... For a full list of medications approved for use by EMS professionals, please refer to the North Carolina Medical Board document entitled: Approved Medications for Credentialed EMS Personnel. Individual EMS Systems may or may not utilize these or other approved drugs. Individual EMS Systems are stron ...
estimation of percent purity of alprazolam tablet of different market
estimation of percent purity of alprazolam tablet of different market

... Alprazolam UV spectrophotometric method was performed. Solution of Alprazolam in 0.5N HCl shows maximum absorbance at 263nm.The percentage of Alprazolam in tablets was 99.5, 99.6, 99.8, and 98.9. Keywords: Alprazolam, UV Spectroscopy, Estimation, Tablets, -------------------------------------------- ...
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Drug design



Drug design, sometimes referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target. The drug is most commonly an organic small molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein, which in turn results in a therapeutic benefit to the patient. In the most basic sense, drug design involves the design of molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the biomolecular target with which they interact and therefore will bind to it. Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. Finally, drug design that relies on the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biomolecular target is known as structure-based drug design. In addition to small molecules, biopharmaceuticals and especially therapeutic antibodies are an increasingly important class of drugs and computational methods for improving the affinity, selectivity, and stability of these protein-based therapeutics have also been developed.The phrase ""drug design"" is to some extent a misnomer. A more accurate term is ligand design (i.e., design of a molecule that will bind tightly to its target). Although design techniques for prediction of binding affinity are reasonably successful, there are many other properties, such as bioavailability, metabolic half-life, side effects, etc., that first must be optimized before a ligand can become a safe and efficacious drug. These other characteristics are often difficult to predict with rational design techniques. Nevertheless, due to high attrition rates, especially during clinical phases of drug development, more attention is being focused early in the drug design process on selecting candidate drugs whose physicochemical properties are predicted to result in fewer complications during development and hence more likely to lead to an approved, marketed drug. Furthermore, in vitro experiments complemented with computation methods are increasingly used in early drug discovery to select compounds with more favorable ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and toxicological profiles.
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