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... Mechanism of action: Some anaerobic protozoal parasites (including amebas) possess electron-transport proteins that participate in metabolic electron removal reactions. The nitro group of metronidazole is able to serve as an electron acceptor, forming reduced cytotoxic compounds that bind to protein ...
CHRONOLAB AG , Zug, Switzerland, chronolab@chronolab.com
CHRONOLAB AG , Zug, Switzerland, [email protected]

... especially in those with a history of seizures, if proconvulsants (e.g. tricyclic antidepressants) have also been taken or in the context of acute withdrawal. Use of small doses, titrating up as needed, may be appropriate in the absence of these contraindications, if the patient would otherwise requ ...
Clobam
Clobam

... Laxyl® (Bromazepam) is a benzodiazepine with anxiolytic and sedative properties which are of value in the symptomatic relief of pathological anxiety. Bromazepam is rapidly absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are usually reached within two hours of oral administratio ...
Referral patterns in de-addiction services
Referral patterns in de-addiction services

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The Use of Propensity Scores and Instrumental Variable Methods to Adjust for Treatment-Selection Bias
The Use of Propensity Scores and Instrumental Variable Methods to Adjust for Treatment-Selection Bias

... estimate the effect of treatment on the outcome. A special issue of Health Service Research (HSR 2000: 35 [5]) has an overview of IV by McClellan and Newhouse. For the study example presented here, prescriber patterns in the preceding year was used as the IV because it was hypothesized that prescrib ...
Effects of Drugs on Brine Shrimp
Effects of Drugs on Brine Shrimp

... Step 3: After 30 seconds in the 1/1,000 cup, transfer the brine shrimp and a few drops of solution to the observation chamber. Again, record your observations. Step 4: Continue this process for the 1/100 and 1/10 cups. Do not use the drug solution at full strength as it will probably kill the organi ...
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Drug-Drug Interactions Part 1

... Medicines used by geriatric patients must be of high quality, and appropriately researched and evaluated.. for use in this population. PK and Modelling Improve the availability of information on the use of medicines for older people ...
̶ Targets like an antibody ̶ Performs like a small molecule ̶
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Drugs with narrow therapeutic index as indicators in the risk

... to register the mere occurrence of DRPs linked to a certain drug in a given patient and count this as one DRP, even when more than one DRP could be identified. This approach is not as logical and straightforward as our chosen method. Nevertheless, calculations were also done this way and, essentiall ...
Phenytoin
Phenytoin

... • A large number of the various substances found in a TPN solution may interact with drug additives. In the case of 3-in-1 admixtures, the potential risk of incompatibility and stability problems is even greater due to the addition of a fat emulsion. It has been recommended that no other drugs or so ...
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Metabolism of drugs
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... For these patients it’s suitable to correct the dose according to “ideal” body weight: For men ІBW = 50 + [(Н - 150) : 2,5] For women ІBW = 45 + [(Н - 150) : 2,5] where Н – height in cm in case of normal body weight the dose is calculated counting on 1 kg of patient’s body weight ...
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Formulation Tactics for the Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs
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Done By: Sanaa Otoom Advanced Technology Lecture# 2 Last
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... an example, in a typical study of bioequivalence in man, there are generally not less than 12 plasma samples in at least 18 subjects treated with two formulations of the same drug. The consequence is that not less than 12 × 18 × 2 = 432 set of data (time, plasma concentration) are produced. The numb ...
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CH 6 High Risk Populations - J. de Hoon
CH 6 High Risk Populations - J. de Hoon

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... h.-By-Kee,-Hayes,-McCuistion.-8EEnteric-coated tablets resist disintegration in the acidic environment of the stomach and disintegrate when they reach the small intestine. There is usually some delay in onset of actions after taking these medications. Enteric-coated tablets should not be crushed or ...
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Drug design



Drug design, sometimes referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target. The drug is most commonly an organic small molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein, which in turn results in a therapeutic benefit to the patient. In the most basic sense, drug design involves the design of molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the biomolecular target with which they interact and therefore will bind to it. Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. Finally, drug design that relies on the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biomolecular target is known as structure-based drug design. In addition to small molecules, biopharmaceuticals and especially therapeutic antibodies are an increasingly important class of drugs and computational methods for improving the affinity, selectivity, and stability of these protein-based therapeutics have also been developed.The phrase ""drug design"" is to some extent a misnomer. A more accurate term is ligand design (i.e., design of a molecule that will bind tightly to its target). Although design techniques for prediction of binding affinity are reasonably successful, there are many other properties, such as bioavailability, metabolic half-life, side effects, etc., that first must be optimized before a ligand can become a safe and efficacious drug. These other characteristics are often difficult to predict with rational design techniques. Nevertheless, due to high attrition rates, especially during clinical phases of drug development, more attention is being focused early in the drug design process on selecting candidate drugs whose physicochemical properties are predicted to result in fewer complications during development and hence more likely to lead to an approved, marketed drug. Furthermore, in vitro experiments complemented with computation methods are increasingly used in early drug discovery to select compounds with more favorable ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and toxicological profiles.
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