Club drugs: review of the `rave` - Indian Council of Medical Research
... control of obtaining Ecstasy (an estimated Ecstasy procurement time less than 24 h), and current Ecstasy dependence predicted future Ecstasy use44. ...
... control of obtaining Ecstasy (an estimated Ecstasy procurement time less than 24 h), and current Ecstasy dependence predicted future Ecstasy use44. ...
Option D past paper questions 1. Aspirin, paracetamol
... small doses. Other than the possibility of death, outline the problems associated with taking larger doses of paracetamol. [2] (d) State one important use for aspirin other than the relief of pain and fever. [1] (e) Other than the phenyl group, state the name of one other functional group that is co ...
... small doses. Other than the possibility of death, outline the problems associated with taking larger doses of paracetamol. [2] (d) State one important use for aspirin other than the relief of pain and fever. [1] (e) Other than the phenyl group, state the name of one other functional group that is co ...
MULTIPLE UNIT EXTENDED RELEASE PELLETS OF PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE: PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION
... The purpose of the present study is to develop and investigate the invitro performance of multiple unit extended release pellets of a model drug, Propranolol Hydrochloride (PPNL HCl) with extreme water solubility , short half-life that provides an effective blood pressure control in hypertension and ...
... The purpose of the present study is to develop and investigate the invitro performance of multiple unit extended release pellets of a model drug, Propranolol Hydrochloride (PPNL HCl) with extreme water solubility , short half-life that provides an effective blood pressure control in hypertension and ...
Risk Evaluation Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Taskforce White Paper
... U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2011). Opioid drugs and risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS). Letter sent to opioid manufacturers outlining opioid REMS implementation. Retrieved May 4, 2011 from http://www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/informationbydrugclass/ucm163647.htm ...
... U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2011). Opioid drugs and risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS). Letter sent to opioid manufacturers outlining opioid REMS implementation. Retrieved May 4, 2011 from http://www.fda.gov/drugs/drugsafety/informationbydrugclass/ucm163647.htm ...
High-Risk Medications Attributed to Falls in Older Adults
... Criteria. These medications will be designated with an asterisk (*). This evidence may be important to cite to physicians to promote change in prescribing. Over the Counter (OTCs) Medications and Alcohol OTCs bought without a doctor’s prescription may contain medications identified in this reference ...
... Criteria. These medications will be designated with an asterisk (*). This evidence may be important to cite to physicians to promote change in prescribing. Over the Counter (OTCs) Medications and Alcohol OTCs bought without a doctor’s prescription may contain medications identified in this reference ...
UV-Spectrophotometric Estimation of Ranitidine
... l edscannedo in the range of 220-304 nm. The wavelengths 2H-benzimidazole-2-one. It is used as dopamine b n were 229 nm, 245 nm, 270 nm, 285 nm and 294 a . M selected antagonist and antiemetic drug. It is official inilBP k d Sampling wavelengths were selected on trial-anda by enm. v Literature surve ...
... l edscannedo in the range of 220-304 nm. The wavelengths 2H-benzimidazole-2-one. It is used as dopamine b n were 229 nm, 245 nm, 270 nm, 285 nm and 294 a . M selected antagonist and antiemetic drug. It is official inilBP k d Sampling wavelengths were selected on trial-anda by enm. v Literature surve ...
Herbal Remedies: Drug-Herb Interactions
... but less than one third of these persons inform their medical practitioners of such use.1 Today, our understanding of the interactions between drugs and herbs and between drugs and food is still in its infancy. Much ...
... but less than one third of these persons inform their medical practitioners of such use.1 Today, our understanding of the interactions between drugs and herbs and between drugs and food is still in its infancy. Much ...
Session A3
... name Narcan® (naloxone) as an injectable drug and has been the mainstay treatment for opioid overdose for over three decades. It has an AWP of $3.58 per vial • Evzio® was introduced last year as an auto-injector version of naloxone to treat opioid overdose. It is not intended to be a self-injector – ...
... name Narcan® (naloxone) as an injectable drug and has been the mainstay treatment for opioid overdose for over three decades. It has an AWP of $3.58 per vial • Evzio® was introduced last year as an auto-injector version of naloxone to treat opioid overdose. It is not intended to be a self-injector – ...
GHB/Fantasy
... GHB/Fantasy What is Fantasy? Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is also known as ‘fantasy’, ‘grievous bodily harm’ (‘GBH’), ‘liquid ecstasy’ and ‘liquid E’. It is classed as a depressant drug that contains sedative and, at sufficient doses, anaesthetic properties. Depressant drugs slow down the activity of ...
... GHB/Fantasy What is Fantasy? Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is also known as ‘fantasy’, ‘grievous bodily harm’ (‘GBH’), ‘liquid ecstasy’ and ‘liquid E’. It is classed as a depressant drug that contains sedative and, at sufficient doses, anaesthetic properties. Depressant drugs slow down the activity of ...
Why Biodegradable Polymer
... Synthetic biodegradable polymer are preferred more than the natural biodegradable polymer because they are free of immunogenicity & their physicochemical properties are more predictable ...
... Synthetic biodegradable polymer are preferred more than the natural biodegradable polymer because they are free of immunogenicity & their physicochemical properties are more predictable ...
Crossing borders to bind proteins—a new concept in protein
... levels of biomarkers in diagnostic applications. Understanding systems biology and the search for new biomarkers in proteomics depend on multiplexed detection formats in which large numbers of proteins are captured on chip by the corresponding numbers of specific high-affinity recognition elements. ...
... levels of biomarkers in diagnostic applications. Understanding systems biology and the search for new biomarkers in proteomics depend on multiplexed detection formats in which large numbers of proteins are captured on chip by the corresponding numbers of specific high-affinity recognition elements. ...
PersPectIves
... metabolite), but also function in the synthesis and degradation of endogenous chemicals (for example, neurotransmitters, nucleotides). Drugs are mainly metabolized in the liver and intestines, but also in other organs. Broadly, DMEs can be divided into two categories: functionalizing enzymes and con ...
... metabolite), but also function in the synthesis and degradation of endogenous chemicals (for example, neurotransmitters, nucleotides). Drugs are mainly metabolized in the liver and intestines, but also in other organs. Broadly, DMEs can be divided into two categories: functionalizing enzymes and con ...
Formulation and Evaluation of Trimetazidine Dihydrochloride
... drug content and in vitro release studies. Drug content was determined using developed HPTLC method[12]. In vitro release studies were carried out using USP Type І dissolution apparatus containing 200 ml of pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid buffer for 2 h and Phosphate buffer pH 7.2 for remaining 8 h. The ap ...
... drug content and in vitro release studies. Drug content was determined using developed HPTLC method[12]. In vitro release studies were carried out using USP Type І dissolution apparatus containing 200 ml of pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid buffer for 2 h and Phosphate buffer pH 7.2 for remaining 8 h. The ap ...
Key Learning Guide - City Vision University
... It is the mental changes that produce the desired effect that moves a client from use to misuse. There are three factors that determine the effects chemicals will have. These are: 1. The methods by which people put psychoactive chemicals into their bodies 2. The speed of transmission to the brain 3. ...
... It is the mental changes that produce the desired effect that moves a client from use to misuse. There are three factors that determine the effects chemicals will have. These are: 1. The methods by which people put psychoactive chemicals into their bodies 2. The speed of transmission to the brain 3. ...
Slide 1
... • Bases tend to have affinity for tissues due to charge-charge interaction with phosphate head-group • Acids tend not to have any tissue affinity due to chargecharge repulsion with phosphate head-group ...
... • Bases tend to have affinity for tissues due to charge-charge interaction with phosphate head-group • Acids tend not to have any tissue affinity due to chargecharge repulsion with phosphate head-group ...
Stereoselective inhibition of the hERG1 potassium channel
... A growing number of drugs have been shown to prolong cardiac repolarization, predisposing individuals to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias known as Torsades de Pointes. Most of these drugs are known to interfere with the human ether à-gogo related gene 1 (hERG1) channel, whose current is one ...
... A growing number of drugs have been shown to prolong cardiac repolarization, predisposing individuals to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias known as Torsades de Pointes. Most of these drugs are known to interfere with the human ether à-gogo related gene 1 (hERG1) channel, whose current is one ...
the benefits of incremental innovation
... opponents fail to grasp. Many developmental projects are begun as blockbuster initiatives, and only later is it realized that the two laboratories are working independently and without the knowledge of the others on a drug development project in the same therapeutic category and even around a simila ...
... opponents fail to grasp. Many developmental projects are begun as blockbuster initiatives, and only later is it realized that the two laboratories are working independently and without the knowledge of the others on a drug development project in the same therapeutic category and even around a simila ...
Custom Llama Antibodies
... susceptible to environmental changes. They have been shown to have a longer shelf life and a higher tolerance to heat and pH well beyond that of traditional antibodies. They are an affordable alternative to monoclonal antibodies for use in drug delivery and drug development studies. The lymphocytes ...
... susceptible to environmental changes. They have been shown to have a longer shelf life and a higher tolerance to heat and pH well beyond that of traditional antibodies. They are an affordable alternative to monoclonal antibodies for use in drug delivery and drug development studies. The lymphocytes ...
Review questions from 2003-2014 IB exams for option D Medicine
... Discuss the problems associated with nicotine consumption, distinguishing between shortterm and long term effects. State the name of the class of drugs with effects similar to that of adrenaline. Outline one effect of these drugs on humans. Identify the stimulant responsible for the addiction to smo ...
... Discuss the problems associated with nicotine consumption, distinguishing between shortterm and long term effects. State the name of the class of drugs with effects similar to that of adrenaline. Outline one effect of these drugs on humans. Identify the stimulant responsible for the addiction to smo ...
Classification and the Defined Daily Dose (DDD)
... • Useful for measuring and comparing volume of drug use • Should not be interpreted as the recommended or prescribed dose but as an international compromise based on review of available documentation WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology ...
... • Useful for measuring and comparing volume of drug use • Should not be interpreted as the recommended or prescribed dose but as an international compromise based on review of available documentation WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology ...
9-Methyl-7-Bromoeudistomin D, a Caffeine Like
... H-MBED binding to liver microsomes from rats treated with PB, a typical inducer of CYP2B subfamily enzymes, but α-NF, a typical inhibitor of CYP1A subfamily enzymes, had no effect on this binding (fig.5). These results suggest that in rat liver microsomes, 3H-MBED probably binds to CYP1A1 and CYP2B. ...
... H-MBED binding to liver microsomes from rats treated with PB, a typical inducer of CYP2B subfamily enzymes, but α-NF, a typical inhibitor of CYP1A subfamily enzymes, had no effect on this binding (fig.5). These results suggest that in rat liver microsomes, 3H-MBED probably binds to CYP1A1 and CYP2B. ...
Introduction to PKPD Continued, Professor Leon Aarons
... The sluggish response in the plasma prothrombin complex activity to inhibition of its synthesis by warfarin reflects the slow elimination of this complex. For the first two days after giving warfarin, the complex activity steadily decreases. During the first day, the concentration of warfarin is su ...
... The sluggish response in the plasma prothrombin complex activity to inhibition of its synthesis by warfarin reflects the slow elimination of this complex. For the first two days after giving warfarin, the complex activity steadily decreases. During the first day, the concentration of warfarin is su ...
Section 9A
... Thus for A to decrease from 2 M to 1 M will take just as much time as decrease from 0.1 M to 0.05 M. For other types of reactions the half-lives do depend on the initial concentration of reactant. In general the expression describing relationship between [reactant] and half-life is as follows: t ...
... Thus for A to decrease from 2 M to 1 M will take just as much time as decrease from 0.1 M to 0.05 M. For other types of reactions the half-lives do depend on the initial concentration of reactant. In general the expression describing relationship between [reactant] and half-life is as follows: t ...
Orally disintegrating tablets - Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical
... dosage form. In addition, patients suffering from dysphasia, motion sickness, repeated emesis and mental disorders prefer such preparation because they cannot swallow large quantity of water. Further, drugs exhibiting satisfactory absorption from the oral mucosa or intended for immediate pharmacolog ...
... dosage form. In addition, patients suffering from dysphasia, motion sickness, repeated emesis and mental disorders prefer such preparation because they cannot swallow large quantity of water. Further, drugs exhibiting satisfactory absorption from the oral mucosa or intended for immediate pharmacolog ...
Drug design
Drug design, sometimes referred to as rational drug design or simply rational design, is the inventive process of finding new medications based on the knowledge of a biological target. The drug is most commonly an organic small molecule that activates or inhibits the function of a biomolecule such as a protein, which in turn results in a therapeutic benefit to the patient. In the most basic sense, drug design involves the design of molecules that are complementary in shape and charge to the biomolecular target with which they interact and therefore will bind to it. Drug design frequently but not necessarily relies on computer modeling techniques. This type of modeling is often referred to as computer-aided drug design. Finally, drug design that relies on the knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the biomolecular target is known as structure-based drug design. In addition to small molecules, biopharmaceuticals and especially therapeutic antibodies are an increasingly important class of drugs and computational methods for improving the affinity, selectivity, and stability of these protein-based therapeutics have also been developed.The phrase ""drug design"" is to some extent a misnomer. A more accurate term is ligand design (i.e., design of a molecule that will bind tightly to its target). Although design techniques for prediction of binding affinity are reasonably successful, there are many other properties, such as bioavailability, metabolic half-life, side effects, etc., that first must be optimized before a ligand can become a safe and efficacious drug. These other characteristics are often difficult to predict with rational design techniques. Nevertheless, due to high attrition rates, especially during clinical phases of drug development, more attention is being focused early in the drug design process on selecting candidate drugs whose physicochemical properties are predicted to result in fewer complications during development and hence more likely to lead to an approved, marketed drug. Furthermore, in vitro experiments complemented with computation methods are increasingly used in early drug discovery to select compounds with more favorable ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) and toxicological profiles.