Decision Making in Recurrent Neuronal Circuits
... sources of randomness in choice behavior?). These computations are at the core of many decision processes, regardless of their diversity and complexity; therefore, understanding their neuronal underpinnings is essential for a biological foundation of decision making. Neuronal Processes in the Fronto ...
... sources of randomness in choice behavior?). These computations are at the core of many decision processes, regardless of their diversity and complexity; therefore, understanding their neuronal underpinnings is essential for a biological foundation of decision making. Neuronal Processes in the Fronto ...
Hierarchical Processing of Auditory Objects in Humans
... regions. DCM was designed specifically for functional imaging data to model and draw inferences about effective connectivity between different regions. The present study aimed to understand the systems-level organisation of the computational mechanisms in the HG, PT, and STS invoked for the analysis ...
... regions. DCM was designed specifically for functional imaging data to model and draw inferences about effective connectivity between different regions. The present study aimed to understand the systems-level organisation of the computational mechanisms in the HG, PT, and STS invoked for the analysis ...
Optical recording of electrical activity in intact neuronal networks
... many neurons but lose information about the computation of single neurons. Current optical techniques for recording membrane potential (Vm) can potentially overcome these problems [1,2]. Most approaches to the optical recording of fast Vm events in neural systems rely on one-photon methods [3-7]. Th ...
... many neurons but lose information about the computation of single neurons. Current optical techniques for recording membrane potential (Vm) can potentially overcome these problems [1,2]. Most approaches to the optical recording of fast Vm events in neural systems rely on one-photon methods [3-7]. Th ...
Neural Control of Interappendage Phase During Locomotion
... coupling is that sensory cells of the second limb must affect the motor center of the second limb. A combination of "internal CNS" and "sensory" mechanisms may also be utilized. Sensory neurons from one limb may alter the rhythm of the "central" control center of that limb. The concept of a "central ...
... coupling is that sensory cells of the second limb must affect the motor center of the second limb. A combination of "internal CNS" and "sensory" mechanisms may also be utilized. Sensory neurons from one limb may alter the rhythm of the "central" control center of that limb. The concept of a "central ...
9/7/2012 1 Receptors and Neurotransmitters: It Sounds Greek to Me
... – Muscle stretch opens ion channels • Muscle spindle stretch receptor: – Responsible for the senses of posture and kinesthesia (sense of movement at a joint) – Sense organs of balance: vision, vestibular organs, muscle spindles ...
... – Muscle stretch opens ion channels • Muscle spindle stretch receptor: – Responsible for the senses of posture and kinesthesia (sense of movement at a joint) – Sense organs of balance: vision, vestibular organs, muscle spindles ...
the resting membrane potential
... bodies, nodes of Ranvier) have different amounts of various ion transport proteins. • Typically, the amount of certain potassium channels is most important for control of the resting potential (as we will see). • Some ion pumps such as the Na+/K+ATPase are electrogenic, that is, they produce charge ...
... bodies, nodes of Ranvier) have different amounts of various ion transport proteins. • Typically, the amount of certain potassium channels is most important for control of the resting potential (as we will see). • Some ion pumps such as the Na+/K+ATPase are electrogenic, that is, they produce charge ...
The evolution of nervous system centralization
... One contribution of 17 to a Discussion Meeting Issue ‘Evolution of the animals: a Linnean tercentenary celebration’. ...
... One contribution of 17 to a Discussion Meeting Issue ‘Evolution of the animals: a Linnean tercentenary celebration’. ...
Trigeminal pathways PP
... The right side of the pons is lesioned. What sensory loss would you expect? Below the lesion: • Loss of facial sensation on right • Loss of pain and temp from left side • Loss of proprioception/vibration from left side ...
... The right side of the pons is lesioned. What sensory loss would you expect? Below the lesion: • Loss of facial sensation on right • Loss of pain and temp from left side • Loss of proprioception/vibration from left side ...
Nerve activates contraction
... – Individual neuron threshold sets extent of stimulus needed – If threshold is achieved, it triggers – Once triggered, an action potential is always the same in speed and voltage ...
... – Individual neuron threshold sets extent of stimulus needed – If threshold is achieved, it triggers – Once triggered, an action potential is always the same in speed and voltage ...
Realizing Biological Spiking Network Models in a Configurable
... implementation simpler. Moreover, this condition is easily met when placing a network on the hardware resources by choosing K appropriate for the largest neuron of the chip. For the smaller neurons, the weights of superfluous hardware synapses are simply programmed to zero. Of course, ease of impleme ...
... implementation simpler. Moreover, this condition is easily met when placing a network on the hardware resources by choosing K appropriate for the largest neuron of the chip. For the smaller neurons, the weights of superfluous hardware synapses are simply programmed to zero. Of course, ease of impleme ...
Chapter 2 - IFSC-USP
... microelectrode is inserted through the membrane of the neuron. Upon entering the cell, the microelectrode reports a negative potential, indicating that neurons have a means of generating a constant voltage across their membranes when at rest. This voltage, called the resting membrane potential, depe ...
... microelectrode is inserted through the membrane of the neuron. Upon entering the cell, the microelectrode reports a negative potential, indicating that neurons have a means of generating a constant voltage across their membranes when at rest. This voltage, called the resting membrane potential, depe ...
Chapter 11 ppt A
... • Large, highly specialized cells that conduct impulses • Extreme longevity ( 100 years or more) • Amitotic—with few exceptions • High metabolic rate—requires continuous supply of oxygen and glucose • All have cell body and one or more processes © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Large, highly specialized cells that conduct impulses • Extreme longevity ( 100 years or more) • Amitotic—with few exceptions • High metabolic rate—requires continuous supply of oxygen and glucose • All have cell body and one or more processes © 2013 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Chapter 2: The Biological Basis of Behavior
... How can the nervous system represent increases in the intensity of a stimulus? a. Only by an increase in the size of the action potential in each neuron that fires. b. Only by an increase in the number of neurons being fired. c. Only by an increase in the frequency of firing in each neuron. d. By in ...
... How can the nervous system represent increases in the intensity of a stimulus? a. Only by an increase in the size of the action potential in each neuron that fires. b. Only by an increase in the number of neurons being fired. c. Only by an increase in the frequency of firing in each neuron. d. By in ...
Engineering new synaptic connections in the C. elegans connectome
... duced between uncoupled neurons or (Fig. 3A, middle) their calcium responses response properties of AIY from anti-corbetween neurons that are naturally con- to salt presentation and removal changed relation with AWC to correlation22. For nected by chemical synapses only. In this dramatically22. For ...
... duced between uncoupled neurons or (Fig. 3A, middle) their calcium responses response properties of AIY from anti-corbetween neurons that are naturally con- to salt presentation and removal changed relation with AWC to correlation22. For nected by chemical synapses only. In this dramatically22. For ...
Cortical region interactions and the functional role of apical
... influence learning (and hence the future response properties of the node) rather than the current neural activity. Hence, the node output is generally determined by the activation received by the basal dendrite only (Körding and König, 2000b,c,d; Spratling, 1999) and the apical input is correlated ...
... influence learning (and hence the future response properties of the node) rather than the current neural activity. Hence, the node output is generally determined by the activation received by the basal dendrite only (Körding and König, 2000b,c,d; Spratling, 1999) and the apical input is correlated ...
The Physics of the Brain
... Where B is a normalization constant, and τ1 > τ2 is the fall time. Or the even simpler ‘alpha’ function: ...
... Where B is a normalization constant, and τ1 > τ2 is the fall time. Or the even simpler ‘alpha’ function: ...
gentle - University of Toronto
... Good Old-Fashioned Neural Networks (1980’s) • The network is given an input vector and it must produce an output that represents: – a classification (e.g. the identity of a face) – or a prediction (e.g. the price of oil tomorrow) • The network is made of multiple layers of non-linear neurons. – Eac ...
... Good Old-Fashioned Neural Networks (1980’s) • The network is given an input vector and it must produce an output that represents: – a classification (e.g. the identity of a face) – or a prediction (e.g. the price of oil tomorrow) • The network is made of multiple layers of non-linear neurons. – Eac ...
Olfactory tubercle neurons exhibit slowphasic firing patterns during
... Numbers indicate the distance (mm) from bregma. Wires were verified to be >150 mm from all borders. B: An example progressive-reversal firing pattern with a schematic of estimated drug level over the interinfusion interval (black line). The x-axis shows time in relation to the infusion offset (secon ...
... Numbers indicate the distance (mm) from bregma. Wires were verified to be >150 mm from all borders. B: An example progressive-reversal firing pattern with a schematic of estimated drug level over the interinfusion interval (black line). The x-axis shows time in relation to the infusion offset (secon ...
ND Lesson 2.2-Differentiated
... Black-eyed peas represent sodium ions. There are more sodium ions outside the axon than inside, so place more peas “outside” the axon. Lima beans represent potassium ions. There are more potassium ions inside the axon than outside, so place more lima beans “inside” the axon. In a real cell, th ...
... Black-eyed peas represent sodium ions. There are more sodium ions outside the axon than inside, so place more peas “outside” the axon. Lima beans represent potassium ions. There are more potassium ions inside the axon than outside, so place more lima beans “inside” the axon. In a real cell, th ...
On the Significance of Neuronal Giantism in Gastropods
... other gastropods; in the process, perhaps, a few useful speculations may be generated. Those gastropods that are distinguished by possession of a score or more of large neurons are also distinguished by the combination of the following characteristics: I. relatively large body size; 2. motile, forag ...
... other gastropods; in the process, perhaps, a few useful speculations may be generated. Those gastropods that are distinguished by possession of a score or more of large neurons are also distinguished by the combination of the following characteristics: I. relatively large body size; 2. motile, forag ...
Neural Syntax: Cell Assemblies, Synapsembles, and
... operandi in this process is synchrony of events (Abeles, 1991; Engel et al., 2001; Fries et al., 2007; Hansel and Sompolinsky, 1992; Singer, 1999). In its broad definition, synchrony refers to the concurrence of events in time. However, this definition of synchrony is meaningful only from the perspe ...
... operandi in this process is synchrony of events (Abeles, 1991; Engel et al., 2001; Fries et al., 2007; Hansel and Sompolinsky, 1992; Singer, 1999). In its broad definition, synchrony refers to the concurrence of events in time. However, this definition of synchrony is meaningful only from the perspe ...
The 18th European Conference on Artificial - CEUR
... also has a bump sensor, and this ignites a CA in the fact subnet in the planning system (see Section 3.3) when the agent bumps into a wall. Similarly, the game takes commands from the agent’s planning system to turn left or right, or move forward or backward. The control subsystem consists of one su ...
... also has a bump sensor, and this ignites a CA in the fact subnet in the planning system (see Section 3.3) when the agent bumps into a wall. Similarly, the game takes commands from the agent’s planning system to turn left or right, or move forward or backward. The control subsystem consists of one su ...
A neuronal network model of primary visual cortex explains spatial
... architecture of V1, we assume that there is a similar pinwheel structure in layer 4C (McLaughlin et al. 2000; Tao et al. 2004). We built a pinwheel structure into the model by tying the preferred orientation angle of the LGN input to a given 4C neuron to the neuron’s location in the layer with respe ...
... architecture of V1, we assume that there is a similar pinwheel structure in layer 4C (McLaughlin et al. 2000; Tao et al. 2004). We built a pinwheel structure into the model by tying the preferred orientation angle of the LGN input to a given 4C neuron to the neuron’s location in the layer with respe ...