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The Biosphere Chapter 58
The Biosphere Chapter 58

... ones • In aquatic systems inorganic carbon is present in water as dissolved CO2 and as HCO3- ions • CO2 is used by algae and aquatic plants for photosynthesis ...
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Rejuvenation and restoration mangroves in coastal region
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The Global Ecosystem
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... abiotic environment with which it exchanges energy and materials • Ecosystems are linked by exchanges of organisms and materials over large spatial scales. • It impossible to understand a local ecosystem completely without considering it in the context of the larger systems of which it is a part. ...
Ch 4 - Monmouth Regional High School
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Ecology Unit - Midwest Central CUSD #191 / Homepage

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Environmental and Ecosystem Processes
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... zone is a transition zone in the upper mantle. It contains two discontinuities caused by changes from less dense to more dense minerals. The chemical composition and crystal forms of these minerals have been identified by laboratory experiments at high pressure and temperature. The lower mantle, bel ...
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Unit 2: Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems / Human Activity
Unit 2: Interdependent Relationships in Ecosystems / Human Activity

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Unit 3 Ecosystems
Unit 3 Ecosystems

< 1 ... 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 ... 304 >

Ecosystem



An ecosystem is a community of living organisms in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (things like air, water and mineral soil), interacting as a system. These biotic and abiotic components are regarded as linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. As ecosystems are defined by the network of interactions among organisms, and between organisms and their environment, they can be of any size but usually encompass specific, limited spaces (although some scientists say that the entire planet is an ecosystem).Energy, water, nitrogen and soil minerals are other essential abiotic components of an ecosystem. The energy that flows through ecosystems is obtained primarily from the sun. It generally enters the system through photosynthesis, a process that also captures carbon from the atmosphere. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and other microbes.Ecosystems are controlled both by external and internal factors. External factors such as climate, the parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem and the way things work within it, but are not themselves influenced by the ecosystem. Other external factors include time and potential biota. Ecosystems are dynamic entities—invariably, they are subject to periodic disturbances and are in the process of recovering from some past disturbance. Ecosystems in similar environments that are located in different parts of the world can have very different characteristics simply because they contain different species. The introduction of non-native species can cause substantial shifts in ecosystem function. Internal factors not only control ecosystem processes but are also controlled by them and are often subject to feedback loops. While the resource inputs are generally controlled by external processes like climate and parent material, the availability of these resources within the ecosystem is controlled by internal factors like decomposition, root competition or shading. Other internal factors include disturbance, succession and the types of species present. Although humans exist and operate within ecosystems, their cumulative effects are large enough to influence external factors like climate.Biodiversity affects ecosystem function, as do the processes of disturbance and succession. Ecosystems provide a variety of goods and services upon which people depend; the principles of ecosystem management suggest that rather than managing individual species, natural resources should be managed at the level of the ecosystem itself. Classifying ecosystems into ecologically homogeneous units is an important step towards effective ecosystem management, but there is no single, agreed-upon way to do this.
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