Legume presence increases photosynthesis and N concentrations
... Hypotheses Ha1 and Ha2 (dashed boxes) are discussed, but not directly tested in the present study ...
... Hypotheses Ha1 and Ha2 (dashed boxes) are discussed, but not directly tested in the present study ...
Enhancing and Restoring Habitat for the Desert Tortoise
... cover and as sites for burrows. Outplanting greenhouse-grown seedlings, protected from herbivory, has successfully restored (.50% survival) a variety of shrubs on disturbed desert soils. Additionally, salvaging and reapplying topsoil using effective techniques is among the more ecologically benefici ...
... cover and as sites for burrows. Outplanting greenhouse-grown seedlings, protected from herbivory, has successfully restored (.50% survival) a variety of shrubs on disturbed desert soils. Additionally, salvaging and reapplying topsoil using effective techniques is among the more ecologically benefici ...
Foragin Behavior of the Leather Seastar, Dermasterias imbricata
... an area not previously investigated (central California). Second, a series ...
... an area not previously investigated (central California). Second, a series ...
Invasive Plants of California`s Wildland
... Ecological Concern as of 1996 by the California Exotic Pest Plant Council (Cal-IPC). We decided to cover only the species on this list because it is the best effort to date1 to determine which of the non-native plants already growing wild in California cause or have the potential to cause serious da ...
... Ecological Concern as of 1996 by the California Exotic Pest Plant Council (Cal-IPC). We decided to cover only the species on this list because it is the best effort to date1 to determine which of the non-native plants already growing wild in California cause or have the potential to cause serious da ...
Managing Desert Mule Deer
... deer in Texas ranged from a low of 149,000 in 1983 to a high of 245,000 in 1986. The average figure is about 207,000, with about 90 percent being found in the TransPecos region. Mule deer are found throughout the Trans-Pecos and along the western portion of the Edwards Plateau near the Pecos River. ...
... deer in Texas ranged from a low of 149,000 in 1983 to a high of 245,000 in 1986. The average figure is about 207,000, with about 90 percent being found in the TransPecos region. Mule deer are found throughout the Trans-Pecos and along the western portion of the Edwards Plateau near the Pecos River. ...
factsheet snowshoe hare en
... Manitoba, the forest is mainly deciduous (aspen and balsam poplar). Snowshoe hares use many forest types. Overall, they prefer areas with a dense understory, or layer of plants below the main canopy of the forest, whether that is formed by young trees or by tall shrubs. This cover helps to protect t ...
... Manitoba, the forest is mainly deciduous (aspen and balsam poplar). Snowshoe hares use many forest types. Overall, they prefer areas with a dense understory, or layer of plants below the main canopy of the forest, whether that is formed by young trees or by tall shrubs. This cover helps to protect t ...
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... the substance that is the subject of a health claim must contribute taste, aroma, or nutritive value, or any other technical effect listed in Sec. 170.3(o) (21 CFR 170.3(o)), to the food and must retain that attribute when consumed at the levels that are necessary to justify a claim. Plant sterol es ...
... the substance that is the subject of a health claim must contribute taste, aroma, or nutritive value, or any other technical effect listed in Sec. 170.3(o) (21 CFR 170.3(o)), to the food and must retain that attribute when consumed at the levels that are necessary to justify a claim. Plant sterol es ...
TB190: Spider Predation in Agroecosystems: Can Spiders
... 2001). Spiders may be capable of fulfilling both of pest reduction and pest stabilization requirements. According to Hairston et al. (1960), herbivore populations are not limited by competition for food. This idea is supported by the observation that green plants are abundant. Therefore, it is theor ...
... 2001). Spiders may be capable of fulfilling both of pest reduction and pest stabilization requirements. According to Hairston et al. (1960), herbivore populations are not limited by competition for food. This idea is supported by the observation that green plants are abundant. Therefore, it is theor ...
The role of detrital subsidies for biological control by generalist
... Generalist predators can provide important ecosystem services by reducing herbivore populations in agricultural systems. Effective biological control can increase plant yield and reduce the need of pesticide application, both being profitable for farmers. The present work investigated the impact of ...
... Generalist predators can provide important ecosystem services by reducing herbivore populations in agricultural systems. Effective biological control can increase plant yield and reduce the need of pesticide application, both being profitable for farmers. The present work investigated the impact of ...
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG MULE DEER AND THEIR PREDATORS
... Even if winter feeding could save a few deer from starvation, we must consider the biological cost to the habitat, cost to other species, and cost to mule deer in the long term. We must focus on the sustainability of the mule deer population for generations to come – not just one season. Another pro ...
... Even if winter feeding could save a few deer from starvation, we must consider the biological cost to the habitat, cost to other species, and cost to mule deer in the long term. We must focus on the sustainability of the mule deer population for generations to come – not just one season. Another pro ...
Managing stock in wetland grazing
... • cattle shift to where shade and water are abundant without appearing to over-graze parts of large paddocks (>600 ha). Other graziers report that in open wetland paddocks reducing paddock size and moving stock at intervals of weeks to months has increased production per hectare. ...
... • cattle shift to where shade and water are abundant without appearing to over-graze parts of large paddocks (>600 ha). Other graziers report that in open wetland paddocks reducing paddock size and moving stock at intervals of weeks to months has increased production per hectare. ...
Ecological Effects of Allelopathic Plants – a Review
... classified as secondary metabolites and are produced as offshoots of the primary metabolic pathways of the plant. Often, their functioning in the plant is unknown, but some allelochemicals are known also to have structural functions (e.g. as intermediates of lignification) or to play a role in the g ...
... classified as secondary metabolites and are produced as offshoots of the primary metabolic pathways of the plant. Often, their functioning in the plant is unknown, but some allelochemicals are known also to have structural functions (e.g. as intermediates of lignification) or to play a role in the g ...
Litter feedbacks, evolutionary change and exotic plant invasion Maarten B. Eppinga
... function of biomass, summarizing the two properties into a single parameter (e.g. Reynolds & Pacala 1993). Because Lambert–Beer’s law is generally applicable to any light-absorbing material (e.g. Grace & Woolhouse 1973), we used the same approach to model light interception by plant litter. Since Ph ...
... function of biomass, summarizing the two properties into a single parameter (e.g. Reynolds & Pacala 1993). Because Lambert–Beer’s law is generally applicable to any light-absorbing material (e.g. Grace & Woolhouse 1973), we used the same approach to model light interception by plant litter. Since Ph ...
Lincoln Pond, Aquatic Moth Final Report, 2002
... outcompetes native aquatic plants by early stem elongation that reaches the water surface quickly and forms a canopy shading the other aquatic plants. There are several insects that eat milfoil, limit its growth, and keep it from forming a canopy in some situations. One of these insects is the aquat ...
... outcompetes native aquatic plants by early stem elongation that reaches the water surface quickly and forms a canopy shading the other aquatic plants. There are several insects that eat milfoil, limit its growth, and keep it from forming a canopy in some situations. One of these insects is the aquat ...
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, source of a high-potency
... Stevia must be cultivated as an annual plant in mid- to high-latitude regions, where longer days favour leaf yield and stevioside contents. Oddone (1997) considers Stevia to be self-incompatible and insect pollinated. Additionally, he considers ‘‘clear’’ seeds to be infertile. Seeds are contained in ...
... Stevia must be cultivated as an annual plant in mid- to high-latitude regions, where longer days favour leaf yield and stevioside contents. Oddone (1997) considers Stevia to be self-incompatible and insect pollinated. Additionally, he considers ‘‘clear’’ seeds to be infertile. Seeds are contained in ...
When to use public information for breeding habitat selection? The
... their own reproductive success such as juveniles and nonbreeders (Boulinier & Danchin 1997). However, in many species information on patch reproductive success will be available only at the end of the breeding season, and thus can be used for breeding habitat selection only in the following year (Bo ...
... their own reproductive success such as juveniles and nonbreeders (Boulinier & Danchin 1997). However, in many species information on patch reproductive success will be available only at the end of the breeding season, and thus can be used for breeding habitat selection only in the following year (Bo ...
Mistletoe and Wildlife- a positive view of a parasite
... which the mistletoe has complete dominance under natural conditions. For example, it is not unusual to find a mistletoe plant dead on a living tree, although the reasons for this (e.g. old age, natural resistance of the host, less resistance to bushfire) are not always clear. Overseas, host resistan ...
... which the mistletoe has complete dominance under natural conditions. For example, it is not unusual to find a mistletoe plant dead on a living tree, although the reasons for this (e.g. old age, natural resistance of the host, less resistance to bushfire) are not always clear. Overseas, host resistan ...
edible forest gardens
... Copyright © 2005 Dave Jacke and Eric Toensmeier All rights reserved. No part of this book may be transmitted in any form by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Disclaimer: T h e authors of this book have made every effort to ensure that the information presented herein is acc ...
... Copyright © 2005 Dave Jacke and Eric Toensmeier All rights reserved. No part of this book may be transmitted in any form by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Disclaimer: T h e authors of this book have made every effort to ensure that the information presented herein is acc ...
Impact of Cattle Grazing on the Smith`s Blue Butterfly, Its Host Plant
... are aware of only five papers that have actually evaluated the effects of such grazing on native and exotic vegetation in an entire grassland community (Griggs 2000, Harrison et al. 2003, Hayes and Holl 2003a, Kimball and Schiffman 2003, Bartolome et al. 2004). There are a series of additional studi ...
... are aware of only five papers that have actually evaluated the effects of such grazing on native and exotic vegetation in an entire grassland community (Griggs 2000, Harrison et al. 2003, Hayes and Holl 2003a, Kimball and Schiffman 2003, Bartolome et al. 2004). There are a series of additional studi ...
How top consumers structure food webs with multiple pathways of
... of resource enrichment. With diet shifts, however, coexistence usually occurs as one of two alternative states and, once lost, may not be easily restored. Importantly, only a rather minor ontogenetic diet shift is necessary to produce the described patterns. My results are therefore an important gen ...
... of resource enrichment. With diet shifts, however, coexistence usually occurs as one of two alternative states and, once lost, may not be easily restored. Importantly, only a rather minor ontogenetic diet shift is necessary to produce the described patterns. My results are therefore an important gen ...
Effects of tree species diversity on insect herbivory
... susceptible to insect herbivore damage than if grown in monocultures, but previous studies have been largely observational and focussed mainly on tree species richness effects. In this thesis, I examined effects of three components of forest diversity (tree species richness, intraspecific genotypic ...
... susceptible to insect herbivore damage than if grown in monocultures, but previous studies have been largely observational and focussed mainly on tree species richness effects. In this thesis, I examined effects of three components of forest diversity (tree species richness, intraspecific genotypic ...
Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage, for the main component of its diet. As a result of their plant diet, herbivorous animals typically have mouthparts adapted to rasping or grinding. Horses and other herbivores have wide flat teeth that are adapted to grinding grass, tree bark, and other tough plant material.