14-Nervous System - Savita Pall and Chemistry
... An organ system is a group of organs that are co-ordinated to work together to perform specific tasks in the body. Organ systems are made up of groups of organs. Tissues are made up of specialized cells. Organs are made up of tissues. The nervous system is an intricate communications network fueled ...
... An organ system is a group of organs that are co-ordinated to work together to perform specific tasks in the body. Organ systems are made up of groups of organs. Tissues are made up of specialized cells. Organs are made up of tissues. The nervous system is an intricate communications network fueled ...
Reflex action and Reflex arc
... given food. After doing this for few days he noticed that the dog started salivating when it heard the bell even if the food was not given. Dog associated with sound of the bell with food and assumed that whenever the bell rang food was given In expectation of food, saliva started flowing from its m ...
... given food. After doing this for few days he noticed that the dog started salivating when it heard the bell even if the food was not given. Dog associated with sound of the bell with food and assumed that whenever the bell rang food was given In expectation of food, saliva started flowing from its m ...
2. Pre-Sheet Answers - CIM
... Slow waves are oscillating membrane potentials inherent to the smooth muscle cells of the Gl tract. They are not action potentials, but they do determine the pattern of action potentials and, therefore, the pattern of contraction of the smooth muscle (however, in gastric smooth muscle, the slow wave ...
... Slow waves are oscillating membrane potentials inherent to the smooth muscle cells of the Gl tract. They are not action potentials, but they do determine the pattern of action potentials and, therefore, the pattern of contraction of the smooth muscle (however, in gastric smooth muscle, the slow wave ...
resting membrane potential
... Figure 7.6 Membrane potential of a cell permeable to potassium only. Potassium (K+) and organic anions (A-) are located in greater concentration inside the cell. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions are located in greater concentration outside the cell. The width of an arrow is relative to the stren ...
... Figure 7.6 Membrane potential of a cell permeable to potassium only. Potassium (K+) and organic anions (A-) are located in greater concentration inside the cell. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions are located in greater concentration outside the cell. The width of an arrow is relative to the stren ...
Outline 10
... o Two hemispheres are connected by a narrow bridge called the vermis o In sagittal section, the inner white matter, called the arbor vitae, looks like a branching ______________ o The cerebellum smooths muscle contractions, maintains muscle tone and posture, coordinates the motions of different join ...
... o Two hemispheres are connected by a narrow bridge called the vermis o In sagittal section, the inner white matter, called the arbor vitae, looks like a branching ______________ o The cerebellum smooths muscle contractions, maintains muscle tone and posture, coordinates the motions of different join ...
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE
... A sensory neuron that conducts the afferent impulse to the CNS The integration center (in interneuron of CNS) The motor neuron that conducts the efferent motor impulse from the CNS to an effector The effector which is muscle fibers or glands that respond to the motor impulse ...
... A sensory neuron that conducts the afferent impulse to the CNS The integration center (in interneuron of CNS) The motor neuron that conducts the efferent motor impulse from the CNS to an effector The effector which is muscle fibers or glands that respond to the motor impulse ...
Disorders of the Nervous System
... a) The somatic or voluntary nervous system, which is concerned with the transmission of impulses (coded messages) to and from the non-visceral parts of the body such as skeletal muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, skin, eyes and ears. b) The autonomic or involuntary nervous system, which is concerned ...
... a) The somatic or voluntary nervous system, which is concerned with the transmission of impulses (coded messages) to and from the non-visceral parts of the body such as skeletal muscles, bones, joints, ligaments, skin, eyes and ears. b) The autonomic or involuntary nervous system, which is concerned ...
The Nervous System
... Once neurotransmitters have sent their message, they return and can be reabsorbed by the sending neuron in a process called reuptake. Reuptake allows the messengers to be reused. Two of these neurotransmitters are serotonin and norepinephrine. Low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the synaps ...
... Once neurotransmitters have sent their message, they return and can be reabsorbed by the sending neuron in a process called reuptake. Reuptake allows the messengers to be reused. Two of these neurotransmitters are serotonin and norepinephrine. Low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the synaps ...
Visceral Nervous System
... RADICULAR NEURONS: they form the anterior roots. In the spinal cord the cell body is in the anterior horn of the grey metter; in the brain stem in motor nuclei. FASCICULAR NEURONS: they represent the second neuron of a sensory pathway. In the spinal cord the cell body is in the posterior horn of the ...
... RADICULAR NEURONS: they form the anterior roots. In the spinal cord the cell body is in the anterior horn of the grey metter; in the brain stem in motor nuclei. FASCICULAR NEURONS: they represent the second neuron of a sensory pathway. In the spinal cord the cell body is in the posterior horn of the ...
Zmysły chemiczne
... defined by the fact that they have peak sensitivities that are cooler and warmer than the body temperature. The overlaping ranges of warming and cooling receptors are part of the mechanism for enhancing the ability to discriminate small changes in temperature near body temperature. B. Dynamic temper ...
... defined by the fact that they have peak sensitivities that are cooler and warmer than the body temperature. The overlaping ranges of warming and cooling receptors are part of the mechanism for enhancing the ability to discriminate small changes in temperature near body temperature. B. Dynamic temper ...
The Central Nervous System
... (Figure 2.7) will change their permeability depending upon the membrane potential. If there is a change in the membrane potential, these channels may open (or close). For example, a NT may attach to a receptor site and open a Na+ channel. Given the electrochemical gradient that exists, the Na+ will ...
... (Figure 2.7) will change their permeability depending upon the membrane potential. If there is a change in the membrane potential, these channels may open (or close). For example, a NT may attach to a receptor site and open a Na+ channel. Given the electrochemical gradient that exists, the Na+ will ...
Gloster Aaron
... A nervous system transduces signals from the external and internal environment of an organism, processes those signals within networks of neurons, and ultimately delivers outputs via motor neurons. These systems depend on rapid and adaptable communication between neurons. The goal of this course is ...
... A nervous system transduces signals from the external and internal environment of an organism, processes those signals within networks of neurons, and ultimately delivers outputs via motor neurons. These systems depend on rapid and adaptable communication between neurons. The goal of this course is ...
Fellmann et al/Human Geography, 8/e
... Answer: Almost all animals have a nervous system ranging from very simple to very complex. The simplest type of nervous system is the nerve net which is found in the cnidarians. In this type of nervous system, all nerves are connected to each other in a network and can be activated at once. As a res ...
... Answer: Almost all animals have a nervous system ranging from very simple to very complex. The simplest type of nervous system is the nerve net which is found in the cnidarians. In this type of nervous system, all nerves are connected to each other in a network and can be activated at once. As a res ...
Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 19 Neurological System
... • A nerve can only transmit impulses in only one direction because of the location of neurotransmitters. These are chemicals that the axon releases to allow nerve impulses to cross the synapse and reach the next nerves dendrites. The dendrites release opposing chemicals to slow down impulses. • Neu ...
... • A nerve can only transmit impulses in only one direction because of the location of neurotransmitters. These are chemicals that the axon releases to allow nerve impulses to cross the synapse and reach the next nerves dendrites. The dendrites release opposing chemicals to slow down impulses. • Neu ...
The motor system Outline Muscles Reflexes Disorders of movement
... Treatments include medications that suppress the immune system or inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Muscular dystrophy Heritable condition involving the muscle protein _________________________. Premature muscle growth is followed by degeneration. _________________________ may provide effective tr ...
... Treatments include medications that suppress the immune system or inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Muscular dystrophy Heritable condition involving the muscle protein _________________________. Premature muscle growth is followed by degeneration. _________________________ may provide effective tr ...
SPINAL ANATOMY - Circle of Docs
... E. all of the above 62. The sensory “ganglion” of the brain stem is said to be the A. B. C. D. E. ...
... E. all of the above 62. The sensory “ganglion” of the brain stem is said to be the A. B. C. D. E. ...
Chapter 19 The Neurological System
... cross the synapse and reach the next nerves dendrites. The dendrites release opposing chemicals to slow down impulses. Neurons can be classified as follows: a. Sensory ( afferent) neurons- receive and send messages to the central nervous system from all parts of the body. b. Motor ( efferent) – neur ...
... cross the synapse and reach the next nerves dendrites. The dendrites release opposing chemicals to slow down impulses. Neurons can be classified as follows: a. Sensory ( afferent) neurons- receive and send messages to the central nervous system from all parts of the body. b. Motor ( efferent) – neur ...
The Nervous System
... a. A fatty layer coating some axons. b. The main cell body of a neuron. c. Fibre that carries information away from the cell body of a neuron. ...
... a. A fatty layer coating some axons. b. The main cell body of a neuron. c. Fibre that carries information away from the cell body of a neuron. ...
IONIC BASES OF THE RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL
... substances through the most permeable of biological membranes is still many thousands of times slower than diffusion in a free solution.) b. Applying a countering hydrostatic pressure. - The cell membrane could be composed of, or surrounded by, a rigid nondistensible material in order to prevent swe ...
... substances through the most permeable of biological membranes is still many thousands of times slower than diffusion in a free solution.) b. Applying a countering hydrostatic pressure. - The cell membrane could be composed of, or surrounded by, a rigid nondistensible material in order to prevent swe ...
Overview Neuro Anatomy Handout
... • Center for auditory & visual reflexes • Origin of 3rd and 4th cranial nerves • Contains motor and sensory pathways • Location of reticular activating system (RAS) • Responsible for arousal from sleep, wakefulness, focusing of attention ...
... • Center for auditory & visual reflexes • Origin of 3rd and 4th cranial nerves • Contains motor and sensory pathways • Location of reticular activating system (RAS) • Responsible for arousal from sleep, wakefulness, focusing of attention ...
Chapter 6
... • stretchy protein filament (tip link) connects ion channel of one stereocilium to the sidewall of the next taller stereocilium • tallest one is bent when basilar membrane rises up towards tectorial membrane • pulls on tip links and opens ion channels • K+ flows in – depolarization causes release of ...
... • stretchy protein filament (tip link) connects ion channel of one stereocilium to the sidewall of the next taller stereocilium • tallest one is bent when basilar membrane rises up towards tectorial membrane • pulls on tip links and opens ion channels • K+ flows in – depolarization causes release of ...
No Slide Title
... neuron) - Merkel disks (epidermis/dermis) – fine touch, slowly adapting -Root hair plexus (root of hair) - crude touch receptors -pressure receptors: Pacinian corpuscles – connective tissue capsule over the dendrites -temp receptors: free nerve endings that respond to cold OR warmth - pain ...
... neuron) - Merkel disks (epidermis/dermis) – fine touch, slowly adapting -Root hair plexus (root of hair) - crude touch receptors -pressure receptors: Pacinian corpuscles – connective tissue capsule over the dendrites -temp receptors: free nerve endings that respond to cold OR warmth - pain ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.