Physiology – spinal anesthesia MGMC
... Stimulate the nerve - more channels open – easily blocked ( frequency dependent blockade ) ...
... Stimulate the nerve - more channels open – easily blocked ( frequency dependent blockade ) ...
Diabetic Complications Diabetic Neuropathy Multiple mechanisms
... — Screening using monofilament: replicates 10g load when applied to skin at 90o with just enough force to make it bend — Applied at 3-5 sites on plantar aspect of foot & patient asked to report when they can feel it (tip of big toe & 4th toe, 1st, 3rd & 5th MT heads) Combination of small vessel di ...
... — Screening using monofilament: replicates 10g load when applied to skin at 90o with just enough force to make it bend — Applied at 3-5 sites on plantar aspect of foot & patient asked to report when they can feel it (tip of big toe & 4th toe, 1st, 3rd & 5th MT heads) Combination of small vessel di ...
Forebrain Diseases of the Horse: Relevant Examination Techniques
... if other neurologic abnormalities are found by neurologic examination or imaging studies. In the absence of such supportive findings, abnormal behavior such as self-mutilation6 may have a psychological basis. Seizures ...
... if other neurologic abnormalities are found by neurologic examination or imaging studies. In the absence of such supportive findings, abnormal behavior such as self-mutilation6 may have a psychological basis. Seizures ...
Special Senses
... 2. The receptor set-up (organ of Corti): Hair cells lie atop one of the flexible tubes that carries perilymph. Thier flat ends are adjacent to that tube, and their cilia stick up. Above their cilia lies a shelf of thick, immovable membrane: the tectorial membrane. 3. The process: When movement of th ...
... 2. The receptor set-up (organ of Corti): Hair cells lie atop one of the flexible tubes that carries perilymph. Thier flat ends are adjacent to that tube, and their cilia stick up. Above their cilia lies a shelf of thick, immovable membrane: the tectorial membrane. 3. The process: When movement of th ...
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
... Often occurs after a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection by about 10 days. Infection with Campylobacter jejuni is associated with a severe form of the illness. Following vaccines against Rabies, Influenza, Poliomyelitis (oral)and Possibly Conjugated Meningococcal vaccine. ...
... Often occurs after a respiratory or gastrointestinal infection by about 10 days. Infection with Campylobacter jejuni is associated with a severe form of the illness. Following vaccines against Rabies, Influenza, Poliomyelitis (oral)and Possibly Conjugated Meningococcal vaccine. ...
The Nervous System
... c. Transmission of information between neurons occurs across synapses. 1. In most animals, transmission across synapses involves chemical ...
... c. Transmission of information between neurons occurs across synapses. 1. In most animals, transmission across synapses involves chemical ...
Document
... from the brain (not the spinal cord) – These nerves are on the ventrolateral surface of the brain – They are numbered beginning at the anterior aspect of the brain – They are numbered CN I to CN XII ...
... from the brain (not the spinal cord) – These nerves are on the ventrolateral surface of the brain – They are numbered beginning at the anterior aspect of the brain – They are numbered CN I to CN XII ...
Spinal nerves
... • Schwann cell cytoplasm & nucleus forms outermost layer of neurolemma with inner portion being the myelin sheath ...
... • Schwann cell cytoplasm & nucleus forms outermost layer of neurolemma with inner portion being the myelin sheath ...
unit 3 study sheet - El Camino College
... 3. What are glial cells and glial cell function? 4. How does neural growth and neural regeneration happen in the CNS and PNS? 5. What makes a cell an excitable cell? What cells in the body are considered excitable? 6. Explain what type of information is obtained from the following formulas and when ...
... 3. What are glial cells and glial cell function? 4. How does neural growth and neural regeneration happen in the CNS and PNS? 5. What makes a cell an excitable cell? What cells in the body are considered excitable? 6. Explain what type of information is obtained from the following formulas and when ...
Central Nervous System (CNS)
... Significance: • The brain and other motor centers e.g. basal ganglia, cerebellum use this information in the control of posture and movements N.B. • Maintaining the body equilibrium or balance needs discharge from 3 kinds of receptors; 1. Proprioceptors of foot 2. Visual receptors 3. Vestibular re ...
... Significance: • The brain and other motor centers e.g. basal ganglia, cerebellum use this information in the control of posture and movements N.B. • Maintaining the body equilibrium or balance needs discharge from 3 kinds of receptors; 1. Proprioceptors of foot 2. Visual receptors 3. Vestibular re ...
Somatosensory system
... cerebral aqueduct, the periaqueductal gray – involved in turning the eyes and head toward the source of noxious input and in ...
... cerebral aqueduct, the periaqueductal gray – involved in turning the eyes and head toward the source of noxious input and in ...
The Trigeminal and Facial Nerves
... To Assess a Lesion of the Facial NerveTo assess a lesion of the facial nerve, amplitude provides more information than onset latency of the direct response. The amplitude of the direct response varies with the amount of functioning motor axons, while the latency shows the distal conduction time of ...
... To Assess a Lesion of the Facial NerveTo assess a lesion of the facial nerve, amplitude provides more information than onset latency of the direct response. The amplitude of the direct response varies with the amount of functioning motor axons, while the latency shows the distal conduction time of ...
Rexed`s Lamina
... cuneatus carry signals from arm and leg Decussation of 2nd order neuron in medulla 3rd order neuron in thalamus carries signal to cerebral cortex ...
... cuneatus carry signals from arm and leg Decussation of 2nd order neuron in medulla 3rd order neuron in thalamus carries signal to cerebral cortex ...
Sensation and Perception
... drawn into the nose, and settle into the mucus membranes at the top of each nostril and are absorbed by receptor cells- as many as 100 different types exist Linked to the olfactory bulb, which gathers and send the information to the brain Connects at the amygdala and then to the hippocampus inst ...
... drawn into the nose, and settle into the mucus membranes at the top of each nostril and are absorbed by receptor cells- as many as 100 different types exist Linked to the olfactory bulb, which gathers and send the information to the brain Connects at the amygdala and then to the hippocampus inst ...
THE WORKING OF THE HUMAN BRAIN
... opium, heroin and alcohol initially increase the levels of dopamine artificially Addiction occurs when the production of dopamine decreases and more of these drugs are needed Withdrawal symptoms when discontinued ...
... opium, heroin and alcohol initially increase the levels of dopamine artificially Addiction occurs when the production of dopamine decreases and more of these drugs are needed Withdrawal symptoms when discontinued ...
Spinal Cord - Mesa Community College
... Posterior white column - has ascending tracts only Lateral white column - has both ascending and descending tracts Anterior white column - has both ascending and descending tracts Anterior white commissure Posterior white commissure Nerves Nerves – bundles of axons in the PNS (Fig 13.5) Surrounded b ...
... Posterior white column - has ascending tracts only Lateral white column - has both ascending and descending tracts Anterior white column - has both ascending and descending tracts Anterior white commissure Posterior white commissure Nerves Nerves – bundles of axons in the PNS (Fig 13.5) Surrounded b ...
(5 points).
... a) Portal circuitry of the hypophysis is established in pars tuberalis / median eminence. b) Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus / supraoptic nucleus,… c) … and released to the blood in the posterior / anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. d) Secretion of thyroid hormone ...
... a) Portal circuitry of the hypophysis is established in pars tuberalis / median eminence. b) Oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus / supraoptic nucleus,… c) … and released to the blood in the posterior / anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. d) Secretion of thyroid hormone ...
Biological Theories of Aging
... “… a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support and lead to progressive functional ...
... “… a multifactorial syndrome defined by an ongoing loss of skeletal muscle mass (with or without loss of fat mass) that cannot be fully reversed by conventional nutritional support and lead to progressive functional ...
The Nervous System
... is a short period of time after the depolarization stage. Shortly after the sodium gates open they close and go into an inactive conformation. The sodium gates cannot be opened again until the membrane is repolarized to its normal resting potential. The sodium-potassium pump returns sodium ions to t ...
... is a short period of time after the depolarization stage. Shortly after the sodium gates open they close and go into an inactive conformation. The sodium gates cannot be opened again until the membrane is repolarized to its normal resting potential. The sodium-potassium pump returns sodium ions to t ...
make motor neuron posters now
... fill gaps in the brain caused by injury, and may have a nutritive function. ...
... fill gaps in the brain caused by injury, and may have a nutritive function. ...
Chapter 21 - The Nervous System: Organization
... damaged hippocampus cannot remember things since the time the damage occurred but can remember from before. Short-term memory is probably stored as electrical differences because they can be removed by the application of an electrical shock. Long-term memory is probably stored as new or different sy ...
... damaged hippocampus cannot remember things since the time the damage occurred but can remember from before. Short-term memory is probably stored as electrical differences because they can be removed by the application of an electrical shock. Long-term memory is probably stored as new or different sy ...
Lecture notes for Chapter 13
... above schema separate from Special sensory and Visceral sensory) Receives inputs from Exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors Input relayed toward head, but processed along way ...
... above schema separate from Special sensory and Visceral sensory) Receives inputs from Exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors Input relayed toward head, but processed along way ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.