Differentiation in vitro of sympathetic cells from chick
... somitic mesenchyme in this developmental pathway which could not be replaced by either heart or limb-bud mesenchyme in these conditions was also demonstrated. Ventral neural tube also appeared to favour this line of differentiation. However, neural tube and crest in an organ culture system (Bjerre, ...
... somitic mesenchyme in this developmental pathway which could not be replaced by either heart or limb-bud mesenchyme in these conditions was also demonstrated. Ventral neural tube also appeared to favour this line of differentiation. However, neural tube and crest in an organ culture system (Bjerre, ...
- Orange Coast College
... Each taste bud contains taste cells responsive to each of the different taste categories. A given sensory neuron may be stimulated by more than 1 taste cell in # of different taste buds. One sensory fiber may not transmit information specific for only 1 category of taste. Brain interprets the patter ...
... Each taste bud contains taste cells responsive to each of the different taste categories. A given sensory neuron may be stimulated by more than 1 taste cell in # of different taste buds. One sensory fiber may not transmit information specific for only 1 category of taste. Brain interprets the patter ...
Control of Wake and Sleep States
... Slow oscillations is generated within cortex and strongly influences thalamus through CT projections. They consist of prolonged depolarizations associated with extracellular gamma activity (up) separated by prolonged hyperpolarizations (down states) when most cortical neurons are silent. Up State is ...
... Slow oscillations is generated within cortex and strongly influences thalamus through CT projections. They consist of prolonged depolarizations associated with extracellular gamma activity (up) separated by prolonged hyperpolarizations (down states) when most cortical neurons are silent. Up State is ...
1) Which is NOT a characteristic of living organisms
... 13) Both gates of the voltage-gated Na+ channels are open. 14) The voltage-gated Na+ channels activation gates are closed but the inactivation gates are open. 15) The neuron is depolarizing without using voltage-gated channels. 16) K+ is leaving the neuron through voltage-gated channels. 17) Which l ...
... 13) Both gates of the voltage-gated Na+ channels are open. 14) The voltage-gated Na+ channels activation gates are closed but the inactivation gates are open. 15) The neuron is depolarizing without using voltage-gated channels. 16) K+ is leaving the neuron through voltage-gated channels. 17) Which l ...
Pontine Gustatory Activity Is Altered by Electrical Stimulation in the
... Lundy, Robert F., Jr. and Ralph Norgren. Pontine gustatory activity is altered by electrical stimulation in the central nucleus of the amygdala. J Neurophysiol 85: 770 –783, 2001. Visceral signals and experience modulate the responses of brain stem neurons to gustatory stimuli. Both behavioral and a ...
... Lundy, Robert F., Jr. and Ralph Norgren. Pontine gustatory activity is altered by electrical stimulation in the central nucleus of the amygdala. J Neurophysiol 85: 770 –783, 2001. Visceral signals and experience modulate the responses of brain stem neurons to gustatory stimuli. Both behavioral and a ...
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS
... odor-induced output patterns with the compound signals, which mainly reflect the afferent input to the AL (i.e. RN responses), allowed me to draw conclusions about the role of the AL network involved in the odor processing. How are odors represented in the output neurons compared to the afferent inp ...
... odor-induced output patterns with the compound signals, which mainly reflect the afferent input to the AL (i.e. RN responses), allowed me to draw conclusions about the role of the AL network involved in the odor processing. How are odors represented in the output neurons compared to the afferent inp ...
Document
... exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors • The three main levels of neural integration in the somatosensory system are: • Receptor level – the sensor receptors • Circuit level – ascending pathways ...
... exteroceptors, proprioceptors, and interoceptors • The three main levels of neural integration in the somatosensory system are: • Receptor level – the sensor receptors • Circuit level – ascending pathways ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... behaviours are represented by L2/3 cells during active somatosensation, we quantified how well specific behavioural variables could be decoded from neural activity37. We used random forests38, a generalized form of regression (Methods), to decode behaviour based on all neurons (Fig. 3). Each behavio ...
... behaviours are represented by L2/3 cells during active somatosensation, we quantified how well specific behavioural variables could be decoded from neural activity37. We used random forests38, a generalized form of regression (Methods), to decode behaviour based on all neurons (Fig. 3). Each behavio ...
Fast Propagation of Firing Rates through Layered Networks of Noisy
... schemes that require preservation of precise spike timing. On the other hand, weaker responses in the input layer fail to propagate; the packet dies out. The response in the deeper layers is thus all-or-none, as can be observed from the layer 5 and layer 10 response in Figure 1b. A very different mo ...
... schemes that require preservation of precise spike timing. On the other hand, weaker responses in the input layer fail to propagate; the packet dies out. The response in the deeper layers is thus all-or-none, as can be observed from the layer 5 and layer 10 response in Figure 1b. A very different mo ...
Human Anatomy & Physiology I
... Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publishers assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of theses programs or from the use of the ...
... Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publishers assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of theses programs or from the use of the ...
Document
... ANNs are artificial but they have provided understanding of ways neural computation might work in the brain. ...
... ANNs are artificial but they have provided understanding of ways neural computation might work in the brain. ...
Unimodal or Bimodal Distribution of Synaptic Weights?
... Most Hebbian learning rules or BCM rules used to describe receptive field development exhibit a spontaneous separation of synaptic weights into two groups, i.e., strong and weak synapses, so that the distribution of synaptic weights is bimodal. This implies that even rather ‘weak’, non-significant c ...
... Most Hebbian learning rules or BCM rules used to describe receptive field development exhibit a spontaneous separation of synaptic weights into two groups, i.e., strong and weak synapses, so that the distribution of synaptic weights is bimodal. This implies that even rather ‘weak’, non-significant c ...
NEURO PresentationWORKING students B
... Normally the balance is in favor of excitation Deep nuclear cell at first receives an excitatory input from both the climbing fibers and mossy fibers. This is followed by an inhibitory signal from the Purkinje cells ...
... Normally the balance is in favor of excitation Deep nuclear cell at first receives an excitatory input from both the climbing fibers and mossy fibers. This is followed by an inhibitory signal from the Purkinje cells ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... neurons. Fig. 1 shows the overall systems-level diagram of the multi-area neurodynamical architecture used for modelling the primate visual cortical areas. The system is essentially composed of five modules or networks structured such that they resemble the two known main visual processing streams of ...
... neurons. Fig. 1 shows the overall systems-level diagram of the multi-area neurodynamical architecture used for modelling the primate visual cortical areas. The system is essentially composed of five modules or networks structured such that they resemble the two known main visual processing streams of ...
The endogenously active brain - William Bechtel
... techniques as single-‐ and multi-‐cell recording to determine what features of visual stimuli were correlated with specific neuronal activity. The activity of these neurons was then viewed as representing the ...
... techniques as single-‐ and multi-‐cell recording to determine what features of visual stimuli were correlated with specific neuronal activity. The activity of these neurons was then viewed as representing the ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... Sharp intracellular recording electrodes were formed on a Sutter Instruments P-97 micropipette puller from medium-walled glass and beveled to final resistances of 50--100 MX. Micropipettes were filled with 2 M potassium acetate. Recordings were digitized, acquired, and analyzed using a data acquisitio ...
... Sharp intracellular recording electrodes were formed on a Sutter Instruments P-97 micropipette puller from medium-walled glass and beveled to final resistances of 50--100 MX. Micropipettes were filled with 2 M potassium acetate. Recordings were digitized, acquired, and analyzed using a data acquisitio ...
Peripheral Nervous System
... There are three different types of neurons: sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. The three different types of neurons will work together to carry messages all throughout the nervous system. • The sensory neuron picks up the stimulus from inside or outside of the body and turns it into a ...
... There are three different types of neurons: sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. The three different types of neurons will work together to carry messages all throughout the nervous system. • The sensory neuron picks up the stimulus from inside or outside of the body and turns it into a ...
State dependent activity in monkey visual cortex
... collected from one V4 neuron while the animal performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following ...
... collected from one V4 neuron while the animal performed about 150 trials of the tactile-visual match. Although most trials consisted of several stimuli presented one after another, in Fig. 2 and subsequent figures the trials have been broken apart so that each stimulus presentation and the following ...
a few sensory concepts, 100416
... Much of the text material is from, “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology” by Gerald J. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson (2009, 2011, and 2014). I don’t claim authorship. Other sources are noted when they are used. The lecture slides are mapped to the three editions of the textbook based on the color-cod ...
... Much of the text material is from, “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology” by Gerald J. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson (2009, 2011, and 2014). I don’t claim authorship. Other sources are noted when they are used. The lecture slides are mapped to the three editions of the textbook based on the color-cod ...
V1 mechanisms underlying chromatic contrast detection
... (Graham 1977; Sachs et al. 1971). We asked whether signals measured in V1 at a psychophysical detection threshold (PT) are consistent with the cardinal mechanisms model. Although V1 neurons are not tuned to the cardinal color directions when tested with high-contrast stimuli (Horwitz et al. 2007; Jo ...
... (Graham 1977; Sachs et al. 1971). We asked whether signals measured in V1 at a psychophysical detection threshold (PT) are consistent with the cardinal mechanisms model. Although V1 neurons are not tuned to the cardinal color directions when tested with high-contrast stimuli (Horwitz et al. 2007; Jo ...
PDF
... might be seen to give an ‘emergent’ dynamic ‘greater than the sum of the parts.’ However, without clear evidence it seems safer to assume that, as Barlow (1994) says, all causal relations pass through the bottlenecks of individual neurons. The second premise is as fundamental but less often articula ...
... might be seen to give an ‘emergent’ dynamic ‘greater than the sum of the parts.’ However, without clear evidence it seems safer to assume that, as Barlow (1994) says, all causal relations pass through the bottlenecks of individual neurons. The second premise is as fundamental but less often articula ...
Hemispheric Asymmetry in Visual Perception Arises from Differential Encoding
... provide the most useful information for the task is decided, Ivry and Robertson's model does not fully explain why there is little evidence suggesting the existence of hemispheric specialization for particular frequency ranges (e.g., Fendrich & Gazzaniga, 1990). Ivry & Robertson (1998) argued that i ...
... provide the most useful information for the task is decided, Ivry and Robertson's model does not fully explain why there is little evidence suggesting the existence of hemispheric specialization for particular frequency ranges (e.g., Fendrich & Gazzaniga, 1990). Ivry & Robertson (1998) argued that i ...
Anatomical identification of primary auditory cortex in the developing
... rather immature state (1). Nevertheless, gerbil’s brain anatomy descriptions or atlases are not easy to find in the literature, neither adult nor young, and therefore developing auditory cortex in vivo is hard to be located with precision. One approach has been developed by Kotak et al (2), using fr ...
... rather immature state (1). Nevertheless, gerbil’s brain anatomy descriptions or atlases are not easy to find in the literature, neither adult nor young, and therefore developing auditory cortex in vivo is hard to be located with precision. One approach has been developed by Kotak et al (2), using fr ...
Lab 9
... Cerebral White Matter • Types include: – Commissures – connect corresponding gray areas of the two hemispheres – Association fibers – connect different parts of the same hemisphere – Projection fibers – enter the hemispheres from lower brain or cord centers ...
... Cerebral White Matter • Types include: – Commissures – connect corresponding gray areas of the two hemispheres – Association fibers – connect different parts of the same hemisphere – Projection fibers – enter the hemispheres from lower brain or cord centers ...