2.- econometric estimations of gravity equations
... We will have one observation for each flow. Imagine the case of trade between a big and small country: one of “ij” or “ji” might be very high and the other one might be very low. The equation could explain both attending to relative sizes of “I” and “j” (as exporter and importer) but it could never ...
... We will have one observation for each flow. Imagine the case of trade between a big and small country: one of “ij” or “ji” might be very high and the other one might be very low. The equation could explain both attending to relative sizes of “I” and “j” (as exporter and importer) but it could never ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES MODEL Claustre Bajona
... U.S. dollars. To predict what will happen in the Mexican economy over the next 70 years, should we study what happened to the U.S. economy since 1935? Or should we take into account that, in 1935, the United States was the country with the highest income in the world, while, in 2004, Mexico had a ve ...
... U.S. dollars. To predict what will happen in the Mexican economy over the next 70 years, should we study what happened to the U.S. economy since 1935? Or should we take into account that, in 1935, the United States was the country with the highest income in the world, while, in 2004, Mexico had a ve ...
Hecksher-Ohlin Model
... The Answer of Heckscher-Ohlin • In 1930 Ohlin succeeded Heckscher, his teacher, as a professor at the Stockholm School of Economics • In 1933 Ohlin published Interregional and International Trade, built on earlier work by Heckscher and his own doctoral thesis • It is now known as the Heckscher–Ohli ...
... The Answer of Heckscher-Ohlin • In 1930 Ohlin succeeded Heckscher, his teacher, as a professor at the Stockholm School of Economics • In 1933 Ohlin published Interregional and International Trade, built on earlier work by Heckscher and his own doctoral thesis • It is now known as the Heckscher–Ohli ...
A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis of Transatlantic Trade and
... not take part in the TTIP, and despite being a big country in the Asia-Pacific she has not participated in the TPP yet. Thus, along with these agreements’ effects on member countries which comprise the two largest trading partners of China, the effects on China should be analyzed since it is expect ...
... not take part in the TTIP, and despite being a big country in the Asia-Pacific she has not participated in the TPP yet. Thus, along with these agreements’ effects on member countries which comprise the two largest trading partners of China, the effects on China should be analyzed since it is expect ...
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... percent. These tax rates are high, but so are the tax rates that have been imposed in countries that have been successful in curbing capital inflows. A second main finding is that for reasonable parameterizations, while an appropriately set tax on foreign borrowing can be quite effective in offsetti ...
... percent. These tax rates are high, but so are the tax rates that have been imposed in countries that have been successful in curbing capital inflows. A second main finding is that for reasonable parameterizations, while an appropriately set tax on foreign borrowing can be quite effective in offsetti ...
The Rise of Offshoring: It`s Not Wine for Cloth Anymore
... firms gives them an incentive to expand relative to firms that rely most heavily on other types of labor, which, in turn, enhances their labor demand. Some of this increased labor demand falls on local workers, who perform tasks that cannot easily be moved offshore. This is quite similar to the proc ...
... firms gives them an incentive to expand relative to firms that rely most heavily on other types of labor, which, in turn, enhances their labor demand. Some of this increased labor demand falls on local workers, who perform tasks that cannot easily be moved offshore. This is quite similar to the proc ...
Convergence in GDP per capita and real wages: Some results for
... where T is a fixed horizon, and e a random disturbance term with mean zero. Support for the hypothesis is inferred if /3 < 0, with the alternative hypothesis, /3 > 0. Some formulations would add extra control variables to Eq. (1), see for example Ref. [13], where savings and population growth rates ...
... where T is a fixed horizon, and e a random disturbance term with mean zero. Support for the hypothesis is inferred if /3 < 0, with the alternative hypothesis, /3 > 0. Some formulations would add extra control variables to Eq. (1), see for example Ref. [13], where savings and population growth rates ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BENEFITS AND SPILLOVERS OF GREATER COMPETITION IN EUROPE:
... Using a general-equilibrium simulation model featuring nominal rigidities and monopolistic competition in product and labor markets, this paper estimates the macroeconomic benefits and international spillovers of an increase in competition. After calibrating the model to the euro area vs. the rest o ...
... Using a general-equilibrium simulation model featuring nominal rigidities and monopolistic competition in product and labor markets, this paper estimates the macroeconomic benefits and international spillovers of an increase in competition. After calibrating the model to the euro area vs. the rest o ...
Correcting External Imbalances in the European Economy
... Many of the lower- and medium-income European economies (LMIEs1) showed rather dramatic deteriorations in their current accounts prior to the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008/2009. Consequently, a strong policy focus has since been whether these economies move towards a more sustainable path ...
... Many of the lower- and medium-income European economies (LMIEs1) showed rather dramatic deteriorations in their current accounts prior to the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008/2009. Consequently, a strong policy focus has since been whether these economies move towards a more sustainable path ...
Untitled
... companies to become ever more global in scope. Deep experience in other international markets means that many companies know globalization’s potential benefits—which include accessing new markets and talent pools and capturing economies of scale—as well as a number of risks: creeping complexity, cul ...
... companies to become ever more global in scope. Deep experience in other international markets means that many companies know globalization’s potential benefits—which include accessing new markets and talent pools and capturing economies of scale—as well as a number of risks: creeping complexity, cul ...
Five Years After the Fall: The Governance Legacies of the Global
... and the maintenance of the system of open international trade and payments that has been constructed over the past 70 years or more.” Haley celebrates the short-term policy cooperation, particularly among major central banks, that avoided pro-cyclical policy responses, but left the global economy “d ...
... and the maintenance of the system of open international trade and payments that has been constructed over the past 70 years or more.” Haley celebrates the short-term policy cooperation, particularly among major central banks, that avoided pro-cyclical policy responses, but left the global economy “d ...
Urbanization, Long-Run Growth, and the Demographic Transition
... returns to scale of the urban sector increases the income growth associated with any rate of human capital growth. Households choose how much time to work in the market, how much time to spend raising children, and how much time to spend investing in their children’s human capital, in the spirit of ...
... returns to scale of the urban sector increases the income growth associated with any rate of human capital growth. Households choose how much time to work in the market, how much time to spend raising children, and how much time to spend investing in their children’s human capital, in the spirit of ...
COM COM(2008)
... Over 50% of major mineral reserves are located in countries with a per capita gross national income of $10 per day or less. This creates new opportunities for these resource-rich developing countries, particularly in Africa (Annex 6), to significantly increase their national income since many of the ...
... Over 50% of major mineral reserves are located in countries with a per capita gross national income of $10 per day or less. This creates new opportunities for these resource-rich developing countries, particularly in Africa (Annex 6), to significantly increase their national income since many of the ...
class presentation
... • New industries did not become competitive despite or because of trade restrictions. • Import-substitution industrialization involved costs and promoted wasteful use of resources: – It involved complex, time-consuming regulations. – It set high tariff rates for consumers, including firms that neede ...
... • New industries did not become competitive despite or because of trade restrictions. • Import-substitution industrialization involved costs and promoted wasteful use of resources: – It involved complex, time-consuming regulations. – It set high tariff rates for consumers, including firms that neede ...
Global Citizen – Challenges and Responsibility
... The world must have looked small to the great economist John Maynard Keynes. Before the outbreak of the First World War, in the famous essay The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919), he writes: “The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various produ ...
... The world must have looked small to the great economist John Maynard Keynes. Before the outbreak of the First World War, in the famous essay The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919), he writes: “The inhabitant of London could order by telephone, sipping his morning tea in bed, the various produ ...
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... has been widely employed as a means of promoting industrialisation. Experience among less developed countries has shown that, while this often produces a short 1 exuberant" period of rapid industrial growth, it is likely to lead eventually to chronic balance of payments difficulties and other constr ...
... has been widely employed as a means of promoting industrialisation. Experience among less developed countries has shown that, while this often produces a short 1 exuberant" period of rapid industrial growth, it is likely to lead eventually to chronic balance of payments difficulties and other constr ...
2-1 Circular Flow
... 2.3 THE CIRCULAR FLOWS The federal government finances its expenditures by collecting taxes. The main taxes are 1. Personal income taxes 2. Corporate (business) taxes 3. Social Security taxes In 2010, the federal government spent $3.5 trillion— about 24 percent of the total value of all the goods a ...
... 2.3 THE CIRCULAR FLOWS The federal government finances its expenditures by collecting taxes. The main taxes are 1. Personal income taxes 2. Corporate (business) taxes 3. Social Security taxes In 2010, the federal government spent $3.5 trillion— about 24 percent of the total value of all the goods a ...
Global Cities and the Spread of Infectious Disease
... basic and unchanging precondition for global economic transactions (Brenner, 2000). As such, it is suggested that the conventional conceptualization of the global cities network is based on a static scalar perspective that does not appear to take into account the ways in which the global cities are ...
... basic and unchanging precondition for global economic transactions (Brenner, 2000). As such, it is suggested that the conventional conceptualization of the global cities network is based on a static scalar perspective that does not appear to take into account the ways in which the global cities are ...
Size, Openness, and Macroeconomic Interdependence
... to be complete. Households in country i receive a common economy-wide wage Wit per one unit of supplied labour. The price of labour is perfectly flexible, but there are nominal rigidities in the goods markets, hence there is a role for monetary policy. The central bank of each country is responsible ...
... to be complete. Households in country i receive a common economy-wide wage Wit per one unit of supplied labour. The price of labour is perfectly flexible, but there are nominal rigidities in the goods markets, hence there is a role for monetary policy. The central bank of each country is responsible ...
What Is Global History? - Introduction
... concrete European experience into a (universalistic) language of theory that presumably applied everywhere. Methodologically speaking, then, by imposing categories particular to Europe on everybody else’s past, the modern disciplines rendered all other societies colonies of Europe.4 Global history ...
... concrete European experience into a (universalistic) language of theory that presumably applied everywhere. Methodologically speaking, then, by imposing categories particular to Europe on everybody else’s past, the modern disciplines rendered all other societies colonies of Europe.4 Global history ...
Trade Unions Go Global!
... information on health risk of working, the production process exerts a negative externality on workers’ health. OHS standards can in principle reduce this negative externality but they also reduce total factor productivity (TFP) of firms, capturing the fact that OHS is costly. As long as health effec ...
... information on health risk of working, the production process exerts a negative externality on workers’ health. OHS standards can in principle reduce this negative externality but they also reduce total factor productivity (TFP) of firms, capturing the fact that OHS is costly. As long as health effec ...
The Next Generation of the Penn World Table
... survey that collects prices for traded goods of comparable quality across countries, as the ICP does for consumption and investment products. Instead, we are forced to start with the unit values of traded goods. A recent body of research in international trade shows how to correct these unit values ...
... survey that collects prices for traded goods of comparable quality across countries, as the ICP does for consumption and investment products. Instead, we are forced to start with the unit values of traded goods. A recent body of research in international trade shows how to correct these unit values ...
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
... The signing of the NAFTA was a controversial issue, even before it came into existence. Many people still debate whether this was a good move and many have contemplated on the treaty’s effects on human rights, the environment, as well as the culture of the three countries ...
... The signing of the NAFTA was a controversial issue, even before it came into existence. Many people still debate whether this was a good move and many have contemplated on the treaty’s effects on human rights, the environment, as well as the culture of the three countries ...
FORUM V Fifth Session of the
... 25-29 September 2006 in Budapest, Hungary, hosted by the Government of Hungary. Eightyone governments participated in the meeting, together with representatives from twelve intergovernmental organizations (IGO) and sixty-four non-governmental organizations (NGO). The Intergovernmental Forum on Chemi ...
... 25-29 September 2006 in Budapest, Hungary, hosted by the Government of Hungary. Eightyone governments participated in the meeting, together with representatives from twelve intergovernmental organizations (IGO) and sixty-four non-governmental organizations (NGO). The Intergovernmental Forum on Chemi ...
Going South: capitalist crisis, systemic crisis, civilisational
... marginal issues, whereas actually they should have been and must now become very central, if not the central issue. However, despite the apparent turn towards the global regulation of finance, there remains a real possibility, and danger, that the system managers and business elite will simply return ...
... marginal issues, whereas actually they should have been and must now become very central, if not the central issue. However, despite the apparent turn towards the global regulation of finance, there remains a real possibility, and danger, that the system managers and business elite will simply return ...