Color Strings
... The general formulation of the percolation problem is concerned with elementary geometrical objects placed at random in a d-dimensional lattice. The objects have a well defined connectivity radius λ, and two objects are said to communicate if the distance between them is less than λ. One is interest ...
... The general formulation of the percolation problem is concerned with elementary geometrical objects placed at random in a d-dimensional lattice. The objects have a well defined connectivity radius λ, and two objects are said to communicate if the distance between them is less than λ. One is interest ...
6th Grade The Theoretical Beginning of the Universe / Big Bang
... Counteracting the effect that dark matter has in slowing the universe's expansion, dark energy has been discovered...and is seen to be speeding up the expansion of the universe. While the expansion of nearby stars is slowing down...like a ball would if thrown straight up in the air, the expansion of ...
... Counteracting the effect that dark matter has in slowing the universe's expansion, dark energy has been discovered...and is seen to be speeding up the expansion of the universe. While the expansion of nearby stars is slowing down...like a ball would if thrown straight up in the air, the expansion of ...
Presentation on the universe
... 5 Which best describes the Big Bang Theory? A The universe has always been the way it is today. B The universe began from a dying star C The universe was created by a singleexplosion The universe is full of explosions, or "big bangs," D that are making it expand ...
... 5 Which best describes the Big Bang Theory? A The universe has always been the way it is today. B The universe began from a dying star C The universe was created by a singleexplosion The universe is full of explosions, or "big bangs," D that are making it expand ...
Lyman Alpha Forest
... For a universe where Lyα clouds are non-evolving, 0 < γ < 1/2, depending on the cosmological model. With the observational baseline now extending from the local universe out to redshift five it has become clear that γ is not constant with time. In the local universe (z ∼ 0) up to redshift ∼ 1.5, γ i ...
... For a universe where Lyα clouds are non-evolving, 0 < γ < 1/2, depending on the cosmological model. With the observational baseline now extending from the local universe out to redshift five it has become clear that γ is not constant with time. In the local universe (z ∼ 0) up to redshift ∼ 1.5, γ i ...
What is Control of Turbulence in Crossed Vortexes! Dimitri Volchenkov
... of traditional paradigm as elimination of all long-living turbulent fluctuations in plasma flows is by no means compatible with symmetry of the crossed-field system and inevitably breaks down its stability. While trying to gain control over turbulent patterns in crossed fields, we are perhaps plugge ...
... of traditional paradigm as elimination of all long-living turbulent fluctuations in plasma flows is by no means compatible with symmetry of the crossed-field system and inevitably breaks down its stability. While trying to gain control over turbulent patterns in crossed fields, we are perhaps plugge ...
SPECTROSCOPY OF HIGH-REDSHIFT TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE
... orthogonal direction to the flat universe line, and towards higher values of both Ω M and ΩΛ . This can readily be understood via a simple analogy: the matter term in the Friedmann equations acts like a “break” on the expansion, whereas the Λ term acts like an “accelerator”. One can imagine obtainin ...
... orthogonal direction to the flat universe line, and towards higher values of both Ω M and ΩΛ . This can readily be understood via a simple analogy: the matter term in the Friedmann equations acts like a “break” on the expansion, whereas the Λ term acts like an “accelerator”. One can imagine obtainin ...
On the Origin of Early-Type Galaxies and the - N
... merging events between redshift z \ 1 and the present have typically not yet been accreted into groups and clusters, and hence they can be linked to bright early-type Ðeld galaxies. The rate of formation of binary merger remnants is 1.9 ]10~13(1 ] z)3.1B0.2 and 1.6 ]10~14(1 ] z)2.5B0.4 h3 Mpc~3 yr~1 ...
... merging events between redshift z \ 1 and the present have typically not yet been accreted into groups and clusters, and hence they can be linked to bright early-type Ðeld galaxies. The rate of formation of binary merger remnants is 1.9 ]10~13(1 ] z)3.1B0.2 and 1.6 ]10~14(1 ] z)2.5B0.4 h3 Mpc~3 yr~1 ...
Backreaction and the Covariant Formalism of General Relativity
... it can provide a contribution to the Einstein equation with the right order of magnitude to represent the dark energy term, see for instance [3].11 The situation is quite different from that of dark matter. Even if its nature is still an open question, its existence is needed in order to explain man ...
... it can provide a contribution to the Einstein equation with the right order of magnitude to represent the dark energy term, see for instance [3].11 The situation is quite different from that of dark matter. Even if its nature is still an open question, its existence is needed in order to explain man ...
POLITECNICO DI TORINO Invariance Principles and Extended
... The terms “modified gravity” and “alternative theory of gravity” have become standard terminology for theories proposed for describing the gravitational interaction which differ from the most conventional one, General Relativity. Modified or alternative theories of gravity have a long history. The f ...
... The terms “modified gravity” and “alternative theory of gravity” have become standard terminology for theories proposed for describing the gravitational interaction which differ from the most conventional one, General Relativity. Modified or alternative theories of gravity have a long history. The f ...
Rapid density fluctuations in the solar wind
... electrons in the magnetosheath is responsible. Calibrations similar to these have been carried out by others, (Gustafsson et al., 2001; Pedersen et al., 2001) but it was desired to do a calibration specifically for the conditions of this work. Separate calibrations were made for the various probes. ...
... electrons in the magnetosheath is responsible. Calibrations similar to these have been carried out by others, (Gustafsson et al., 2001; Pedersen et al., 2001) but it was desired to do a calibration specifically for the conditions of this work. Separate calibrations were made for the various probes. ...
Life, gravity and the second law of thermodynamics
... are up to, it can be reduced to physics. However, physics as we know it can also be viewed as a subset of biology since all physicists are the products of biological evolution. Much has been made of our current inability to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics to arrive at a theory of ever ...
... are up to, it can be reduced to physics. However, physics as we know it can also be viewed as a subset of biology since all physicists are the products of biological evolution. Much has been made of our current inability to unify general relativity and quantum mechanics to arrive at a theory of ever ...
f(R) Gravity and Cosmology - Workspace
... show that the "spiral nebulae" measured by previous astronomers such as Vesto Slipher, were in fact new galaxies, outside of the Milky Way[19]. By comparing the redshift of these galaxies to their distance from Earth, Hubble was able to show the existence of a relationship between these quantities: ...
... show that the "spiral nebulae" measured by previous astronomers such as Vesto Slipher, were in fact new galaxies, outside of the Milky Way[19]. By comparing the redshift of these galaxies to their distance from Earth, Hubble was able to show the existence of a relationship between these quantities: ...
Conformal Gravity
... Relativity in 1915 there were no measurements, which tested gravity on scales far beyond the distances of the Solar System. Therefore, as General Relativity was able to solve several problems like the gravitational bending of light or the precession of the perihelion of Mercury, it was quite natural ...
... Relativity in 1915 there were no measurements, which tested gravity on scales far beyond the distances of the Solar System. Therefore, as General Relativity was able to solve several problems like the gravitational bending of light or the precession of the perihelion of Mercury, it was quite natural ...
Ultra-high-energy cosmic-rays
... LHC results have been implemented to better constrain the models used in ...
... LHC results have been implemented to better constrain the models used in ...
simulation of the evolution of large scale structure elements with
... sible and the structure compares reasonable well with observed large-scale structure o f the universe [9-20]. A problem has been arisen in the analysis of structure in the A theory, however. The value of 7 in the two-point cor relation function £(R) oc R ~7 attains its observed value 1.8 only for s ...
... sible and the structure compares reasonable well with observed large-scale structure o f the universe [9-20]. A problem has been arisen in the analysis of structure in the A theory, however. The value of 7 in the two-point cor relation function £(R) oc R ~7 attains its observed value 1.8 only for s ...
Theory of ferromagnetism in planar heterostructures of Mn,III
... taking ⫽0 in the Luttinger Hamiltonian. This approximation has the advantage that ⑀ k, does only depend on k ⬅ 兩 k兩 . The physical properties involve angular integration over k about z so that the deviations from the cylindrical approximations are very small.32 The subbands ⑀ k, and the corres ...
... taking ⫽0 in the Luttinger Hamiltonian. This approximation has the advantage that ⑀ k, does only depend on k ⬅ 兩 k兩 . The physical properties involve angular integration over k about z so that the deviations from the cylindrical approximations are very small.32 The subbands ⑀ k, and the corres ...
THE FORCE DENSITY IN POLARIZABLE AND MAGNETIZABLE
... momentum tensors did not always agree with each other, and there has been considerSuch discussions are able discussion about which of these, if any, is "correct." irrelevant unless the particular force or tensor is accompanied by a statement of the mechanical equation in which it is to be used to pr ...
... momentum tensors did not always agree with each other, and there has been considerSuch discussions are able discussion about which of these, if any, is "correct." irrelevant unless the particular force or tensor is accompanied by a statement of the mechanical equation in which it is to be used to pr ...
The paper on the Hubble constant published in 2010
... maximum number of galaxies 共in a given solid angle and flux兲 as a function of the redshift. A second analytical definition of the Hubble constant can be found from the redshift averaged over a given solid angle and flux. The analysis of two luminosity functions for galaxies brings four new definitio ...
... maximum number of galaxies 共in a given solid angle and flux兲 as a function of the redshift. A second analytical definition of the Hubble constant can be found from the redshift averaged over a given solid angle and flux. The analysis of two luminosity functions for galaxies brings four new definitio ...
Cosmological Implications of Trace
... Matter dominates over antimatter in our local universe. Several lines of evidence suggest that the region illuminated by the Big Bang (e.g. the “Universe”) is also strongly matter dominated. In spite of the ∼ 1836 times larger mass of the positive charge carrying proton than its negative charge carr ...
... Matter dominates over antimatter in our local universe. Several lines of evidence suggest that the region illuminated by the Big Bang (e.g. the “Universe”) is also strongly matter dominated. In spite of the ∼ 1836 times larger mass of the positive charge carrying proton than its negative charge carr ...
Generation of radial electric field in the process of full... by kinetic kink mode Taro Matsumoto , Shinji Tokuda
... where the safety factor q is rational. Here, the quantity q is defined as the limit of the pitch of the magnetic field line for an infinite number of circuits around the torus. In tokamak plasma with q < 1 at the magnetic axis, an MHD mode with m/n = 1/1 becomes unstable. Here m and n are the poloid ...
... where the safety factor q is rational. Here, the quantity q is defined as the limit of the pitch of the magnetic field line for an infinite number of circuits around the torus. In tokamak plasma with q < 1 at the magnetic axis, an MHD mode with m/n = 1/1 becomes unstable. Here m and n are the poloid ...
... (r ) dr ' 4 qm m 1 | r r '| r 0 m 2 1 This is the multipole expansion. Exercise: A spherical shell of radius a is carrying a uniform surface charge density, given by ...
... (r ) dr ' 4 qm m 1 | r r '| r 0 m 2 1 This is the multipole expansion. Exercise: A spherical shell of radius a is carrying a uniform surface charge density, given by ...
x - 東海大學
... In the rectangle of Fig. 24- 48, the sides have lengths 5.0 cm and 15 cm, q1 = −5μ C , and q2 = +2μ C .With V = 0 at infinity, what is the electric potential at (a) corner A and (b) corner B? (c) How much work is required to move a charge q3 = +3μ C from B to A along a diagonal of the rectangle? (d) ...
... In the rectangle of Fig. 24- 48, the sides have lengths 5.0 cm and 15 cm, q1 = −5μ C , and q2 = +2μ C .With V = 0 at infinity, what is the electric potential at (a) corner A and (b) corner B? (c) How much work is required to move a charge q3 = +3μ C from B to A along a diagonal of the rectangle? (d) ...
20_Testbank
... 7) Massive-star supernovae and white-dwarf supernovae work equally well as standard candles for measuring cosmic distances. Answer: FALSE 8) The larger the value of Hubble's constant, the more rapid the expansion of the universe and hence the younger the universe. Answer: TRUE ...
... 7) Massive-star supernovae and white-dwarf supernovae work equally well as standard candles for measuring cosmic distances. Answer: FALSE 8) The larger the value of Hubble's constant, the more rapid the expansion of the universe and hence the younger the universe. Answer: TRUE ...
Chapter 1
... each other. If equal and opposite charges are placed on the conductors, there will be a certain difference of potential between them. The ratio of the magnitude of the charge on one conductor to the magnitude of the potential difference is called the capacitance (in SI units it is measured in farads ...
... each other. If equal and opposite charges are placed on the conductors, there will be a certain difference of potential between them. The ratio of the magnitude of the charge on one conductor to the magnitude of the potential difference is called the capacitance (in SI units it is measured in farads ...
1 Solutions to Problem Set 5, Physics 370, Spring 2014
... know from our discussion of the solutions to Laplace’s equation that there can be no local minima (or maxima) to the electric potential, therefore a particle cannot be in stable equilibrium in an electrostatic field. (Yeah, it is somewhat of a run on sentence...) Another approach is to note that if ...
... know from our discussion of the solutions to Laplace’s equation that there can be no local minima (or maxima) to the electric potential, therefore a particle cannot be in stable equilibrium in an electrostatic field. (Yeah, it is somewhat of a run on sentence...) Another approach is to note that if ...
Flatness problem
The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe. Such problems arise from the observation that some of the initial conditions of the universe appear to be fine-tuned to very 'special' values, and that a small deviation from these values would have had massive effects on the nature of the universe at the current time.In the case of the flatness problem, the parameter which appears fine-tuned is the density of matter and energy in the universe. This value affects the curvature of space-time, with a very specific critical value being required for a flat universe. The current density of the universe is observed to be very close to this critical value. Since the total density departs rapidly from the critical value over cosmic time, the early universe must have had a density even closer to the critical density, departing from it by one part in 1062 or less. This leads cosmologists to question how the initial density came to be so closely fine-tuned to this 'special' value.The problem was first mentioned by Robert Dicke in 1969. The most commonly accepted solution among cosmologists is cosmic inflation, the idea that the universe went through a brief period of extremely rapid expansion in the first fraction of a second after the Big Bang; along with the monopole problem and the horizon problem, the flatness problem is one of the three primary motivations for inflationary theory.