VISCERAL SENSORY NEURONS THAT INNERVATE BOTH
... mediate the response to putative nociceptive signals. They continue to respond to P2X3 and TRPV1 agonists, mimicking in vivo activation. ATP release from tissues during pathological conditions that cause tissue damage or inflammation activates P2X3 receptors on primary afferent fibers innervating th ...
... mediate the response to putative nociceptive signals. They continue to respond to P2X3 and TRPV1 agonists, mimicking in vivo activation. ATP release from tissues during pathological conditions that cause tissue damage or inflammation activates P2X3 receptors on primary afferent fibers innervating th ...
chapter 43 mechanisms of action of antiepileptic drugs
... more smaller β subunits (3). The ion-conducting pore is contained within the α subunit, as are the elements of the channel that mediate its fundamental physiologic properties including rapid inactivation. There are nine voltage-gated sodium channels, designated Nav1.1 to Nav1.9. Nav1.2 is the predom ...
... more smaller β subunits (3). The ion-conducting pore is contained within the α subunit, as are the elements of the channel that mediate its fundamental physiologic properties including rapid inactivation. There are nine voltage-gated sodium channels, designated Nav1.1 to Nav1.9. Nav1.2 is the predom ...
Human Vision: Electrophysiology and Psychophysics
... the brain was composed of a continuous system of wires or whether it was a discontinuous network made up of individual neurons ...
... the brain was composed of a continuous system of wires or whether it was a discontinuous network made up of individual neurons ...
Neural Cognitive Modelling: A Biologically Constrained Spiking
... period. When a neuron fires, it releases current to all connected neurons. This post-synaptic current decays exponentially over time at a rate τ that depends on the neurotransmitter and receptors involved (ranging from two to hundreds of milliseconds). The various parameters of the LIF model (refrac ...
... period. When a neuron fires, it releases current to all connected neurons. This post-synaptic current decays exponentially over time at a rate τ that depends on the neurotransmitter and receptors involved (ranging from two to hundreds of milliseconds). The various parameters of the LIF model (refrac ...
FIGURE LEGENDS FIGURE 32.1 Eye movements that stabilize
... hypoglossi (NPH)—and also modulates activity in nuclei associated with saccades, such as the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). A second pathway involves projections from the pretectum to the pontine nuclei, as well as a direct projection to the vestibular nuclei and prepositus ...
... hypoglossi (NPH)—and also modulates activity in nuclei associated with saccades, such as the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF). A second pathway involves projections from the pretectum to the pontine nuclei, as well as a direct projection to the vestibular nuclei and prepositus ...
Harding, G. W. and A. L. Towe. 1995. Neuron Response to Direct
... Evidently, not all neurons that respond to skin stimulation also respond to stimulation of the cortical surface: those m neurons which receive an inhibitory influence from local s neurons, as estimated from their modulation ratios, do not respond to such stimulation. Some s neurons also fail to resp ...
... Evidently, not all neurons that respond to skin stimulation also respond to stimulation of the cortical surface: those m neurons which receive an inhibitory influence from local s neurons, as estimated from their modulation ratios, do not respond to such stimulation. Some s neurons also fail to resp ...
NEUROGENESIS Y PLASTICIDAD DEL HIPOCAMPO ADULTO
... “The term chemogenetics has been used to describe the processes by which macromolecules can be engineered to interact with previously unrecognized small molecules. In neuroscience, receptors that can alter neuronal excitability are being engineered to bind artificial ligands. “ ...
... “The term chemogenetics has been used to describe the processes by which macromolecules can be engineered to interact with previously unrecognized small molecules. In neuroscience, receptors that can alter neuronal excitability are being engineered to bind artificial ligands. “ ...
Contraction Properties of VLSI Cooperative Competitive Neural
... A CCN can be used to implement a WTA computation. Depending on the strength of the connections, a CCN can implement a Hard (HWTA) or Soft (SWTA) WTA. A HWTA implements a max operation or selection mechanism: only the neuron receiving the strongest input can be active and all other neurons are suppre ...
... A CCN can be used to implement a WTA computation. Depending on the strength of the connections, a CCN can implement a Hard (HWTA) or Soft (SWTA) WTA. A HWTA implements a max operation or selection mechanism: only the neuron receiving the strongest input can be active and all other neurons are suppre ...
NIPS/Dec99/notebook3
... elicit bursting activity (1). This is possible because these fibers possess large presynaptic knobs containing round glutamatergic vesicles. The synaptic contacts are so powerful that a single primary afferent fiber can generate pairs or triplets of output spikes from several target DCN neurons (8) ...
... elicit bursting activity (1). This is possible because these fibers possess large presynaptic knobs containing round glutamatergic vesicles. The synaptic contacts are so powerful that a single primary afferent fiber can generate pairs or triplets of output spikes from several target DCN neurons (8) ...
Synaptic pathways and inhibitory gates in the spinal cord dorsal horn
... low-threshold afferent input.19 These PKC␥ + positive (PKC␥ + ) neurons are a key element for activated circuits after disinhibition by intrathecal application of glycine receptor antagonist, unmasking normally blocked local excitatory circuits onto nociceptive output neurons.2,3 However, this circu ...
... low-threshold afferent input.19 These PKC␥ + positive (PKC␥ + ) neurons are a key element for activated circuits after disinhibition by intrathecal application of glycine receptor antagonist, unmasking normally blocked local excitatory circuits onto nociceptive output neurons.2,3 However, this circu ...
– Necrosis Brain, Neuron 1
... Mineralization of necrotic tissue, including brain cells, occurs over time. Where mineral deposits encrust a recognizable cell or its dendritic terminal boutons, it is important for the pathologist to recognize this chronologic feature of degenerated cells in brain and to differentiate it from yeast ...
... Mineralization of necrotic tissue, including brain cells, occurs over time. Where mineral deposits encrust a recognizable cell or its dendritic terminal boutons, it is important for the pathologist to recognize this chronologic feature of degenerated cells in brain and to differentiate it from yeast ...
Acoustic Information Flow-ICCS'06-RIOFRIO
... explanations of the acoustic information flow dynamics from the neural populations and the histochemical and cytoarchitectural organization of this nucleus. Tonotopic organization is a fundamental property of the auditory system [26], and it is now well established that the morphological substrate f ...
... explanations of the acoustic information flow dynamics from the neural populations and the histochemical and cytoarchitectural organization of this nucleus. Tonotopic organization is a fundamental property of the auditory system [26], and it is now well established that the morphological substrate f ...
Survival of cultured hippocampal neurons upon hypoxia
... contribute to its neuroprotective activity including antagonistic effects on Ca2+ channels, which play important role in the excitotoxic neuronal damage. Hippocampal neurons are selectively vulnerable to the effect of excitotoxic damage because of high density of glutamate receptors on their cell me ...
... contribute to its neuroprotective activity including antagonistic effects on Ca2+ channels, which play important role in the excitotoxic neuronal damage. Hippocampal neurons are selectively vulnerable to the effect of excitotoxic damage because of high density of glutamate receptors on their cell me ...
Maturation of Layer V Pyramidal Neurons in the Rat Prefrontal
... working memory (Fuster and Alexander 1971; Kubota and Niki 1971; Wang 2001). As expected, dysfunction of the PFC has been implicated in several mental illnesses, particularly schizophrenia. Deficiency in the working memory process in the PFC has been associated with the symptoms and cognitive defici ...
... working memory (Fuster and Alexander 1971; Kubota and Niki 1971; Wang 2001). As expected, dysfunction of the PFC has been implicated in several mental illnesses, particularly schizophrenia. Deficiency in the working memory process in the PFC has been associated with the symptoms and cognitive defici ...
Chapter 17 The Respiratory System: Gas Exchange and Regulation
... o Inspiratory neurons: Depolarize during inspiration followed by a termination of at the end of inspiration o Expiratory neurons: Depolarize during expiration o Mixed neurons: Have properties of both inspiratory and expiratory neurons • Activity of Inspiratory Neurons • Output to Motor Neurons o Ins ...
... o Inspiratory neurons: Depolarize during inspiration followed by a termination of at the end of inspiration o Expiratory neurons: Depolarize during expiration o Mixed neurons: Have properties of both inspiratory and expiratory neurons • Activity of Inspiratory Neurons • Output to Motor Neurons o Ins ...
Neurons and Nervous Tissue
... The postsynaptic membrane responds to ACh. ACh diffuses across the cleft and binds to ACh receptors on the motor end plate. These receptors allow Na+ and K+ to flow through and the increase in Na+ depolarizes the membrane. ...
... The postsynaptic membrane responds to ACh. ACh diffuses across the cleft and binds to ACh receptors on the motor end plate. These receptors allow Na+ and K+ to flow through and the increase in Na+ depolarizes the membrane. ...
neurology_lab3
... those information may be divided into two main groups: (1) exteroceptive information:, which originates from outside the body, such as pain, temperature, and touch. (2) proprioceptive information: which originates from inside the body, for example, from muscles, tendons and joints. Information from ...
... those information may be divided into two main groups: (1) exteroceptive information:, which originates from outside the body, such as pain, temperature, and touch. (2) proprioceptive information: which originates from inside the body, for example, from muscles, tendons and joints. Information from ...
Certain Histological and Anatomical Features of the Central Nervous
... of Saint-Rimy (1890) who described different types of cells, nerve centers of the brain, and the subesophageal ganglion. Hanstrom (1919, 1921, 1928, and 1936) described the brain of different groups of araneids with particular reference to the globuli cells, mushroom bodies, optic centers, and centr ...
... of Saint-Rimy (1890) who described different types of cells, nerve centers of the brain, and the subesophageal ganglion. Hanstrom (1919, 1921, 1928, and 1936) described the brain of different groups of araneids with particular reference to the globuli cells, mushroom bodies, optic centers, and centr ...
Compete to Compute
... Competitive interactions between neurons and neural circuits have long played an important role in biological models of brain processes. This is largely due to early studies showing that many cortical [3] and sub-cortical (e.g., hippocampus [1] and cerebellum [2]) regions of the brain exhibit a recu ...
... Competitive interactions between neurons and neural circuits have long played an important role in biological models of brain processes. This is largely due to early studies showing that many cortical [3] and sub-cortical (e.g., hippocampus [1] and cerebellum [2]) regions of the brain exhibit a recu ...
Introduction to the Pharmacology of CNS Drugs: Introduction Drugs
... presence of the subunit GluN1. The channel also contains one or two NR2 subunits (GluN2A-D). Unlike AMPA and kainate receptors, all NMDA receptors are highly permeable to Ca2+ as well as to Na+ and K+. NMDA receptor function is controlled in a number of intriguing ways. In addition to glutamate bind ...
... presence of the subunit GluN1. The channel also contains one or two NR2 subunits (GluN2A-D). Unlike AMPA and kainate receptors, all NMDA receptors are highly permeable to Ca2+ as well as to Na+ and K+. NMDA receptor function is controlled in a number of intriguing ways. In addition to glutamate bind ...
Ch12 notes Martini 9e
... • The electrochemical gradient for sodium ions is very large, but the membrane’s permeability to these ions is very low ...
... • The electrochemical gradient for sodium ions is very large, but the membrane’s permeability to these ions is very low ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.