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Indexed Stems and Russian Word Formation
Indexed Stems and Russian Word Formation

... function. Aronoff (1992) claims that this is true for Latin verbs, and he argues that indices rather than functions should distinguish the set of stems that belong to a lexeme. Latin verbs are traditionally treated as having a stem inventory, in the same way as ΚΟΤΌΝΟΚ in (4) above, since they displ ...
semantic analysis of english performative verbs
semantic analysis of english performative verbs

... second aim of this lexical analysis of speech act verbs is to predict and explain the semantic relations of entailment and of incompatibility that exist between English performative sentences in virtue of the meaning of their main performative verbs. As Searle and I pointed out in Foundations, it is ...
towards a theory of denominals in english and romanian
towards a theory of denominals in english and romanian

... *eated, through the Phrasal Spell-Out Principle and the Biggest Wins Principle (Starke 2009), according to which the lexical item corresponding to the biggest subtree wins. Also, it can account for idioms, since an item such as kick the bucket can be stored in the lexicon on its own, and it can be a ...
DesCartes (Combined) Subject: Reading Goal: Determine Meaning
DesCartes (Combined) Subject: Reading Goal: Determine Meaning

... adjective (term not used) that best fits the context of that sentence Uses semantics to complete a sentence by choosing the adverb (term not used) that best fits the context of that sentence Uses semantics to complete a sentence by choosing the correct form of an adjective* Uses semantics to complet ...
Cultural and linguistic guidelines for language evaluation of Arab
Cultural and linguistic guidelines for language evaluation of Arab

... The prototypical syllabic structure is (C)CV(:)(C)(C) and the vowel can be long or short. The onset clusters usually occur when a prefix/proclitic is attached to the host, e.g. [jħajjiik], [sʕiid], etc. Clustered codas are frequent, eg. [bint] and gemination is possible and widespread, e.g. [ʧəәtˁtˁ ...
SOME BASIC RULES OF WELSH GRAMMAR Cynnwys
SOME BASIC RULES OF WELSH GRAMMAR Cynnwys

... 1. All nouns in Welsh are either masculine or feminine. There is no neuter gender. Unfortunately there is no way of telling which nouns are feminine and which are masculine, so it is important to learn the gender at the same time as the meaning. In a dictionary ‘b’ (benywaidd) will denote feminine n ...
The Category of Participles
The Category of Participles

... with event-structure, i.e. participles that contain some event-denoting projection, are illicit in the complement of seem due to the fact that they lack the relevant scalar properties that seem selects for. However, scalar structure is not a definitional characteristic of adjectives, since there are ...
Two sources of scalarity within the verb phrase
Two sources of scalarity within the verb phrase

... For instance, Hay et al. (1999) and Kennedy and Levin (2008) captialize on the fact that degree achievement verbs are derived from gradable adjectives and use insights from the properties of scale structure to derive the variable telicity effects that had previously been problematic under tradition ...
pronouns and agreement: the information status
pronouns and agreement: the information status

... The pronominal suffixes do not distinguish gender, but they do distinguishfour persons(frst, second,third and corefetentialthird), three numbers (singular, dual and plural), and two grammatical roles. (The coreferentialthird-personcatogory,abbreviatedn, is used for participants that are coreferentia ...
IEA Style Guide - IEA: Publications
IEA Style Guide - IEA: Publications

... retain the e while US spellings usually drop it. Examples include judgement/judgment, ageing/aging. However, there are many exceptions, with both the UK and US dropping the e (e.g., lovable and believable) or retaining it in words that need to keep a soft c or g sound (e.g., changeable). 3. UK Engl ...
10. - Universität Erfurt
10. - Universität Erfurt

... This is a linguistic investigation of the functional domain of possession in the Mayan language spoken on the peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. Most of the data were collected in fieldwork. A possessive relationship connects two elements, the possessor and the possessum. In the prototypical case, the fo ...
Grammar of the Classical Newari [SCANN]
Grammar of the Classical Newari [SCANN]

... agential or instrum ental case; w hen it is intransitive, the pure stem serves as subject. T he sam e form expresses the object or end-point of a transitive action. An exam ple may illustrate this, rajan dhu syatam “ through the king ligerkilling (took place)” ; raja wonam “ king-going (took place)” ...
A Short Descriptive Grammar of the Svan Language
A Short Descriptive Grammar of the Svan Language

... 0.2. Dialects. Most linguists distinguish four Svan dialects, these being: (1) Upper Bal [Geo. balszemouri, i.e. upriver from the Bal pass], spoken in a succession of communities, from Lat’al to Ushgul, along the upper Enguri and its adjoining rivers. This being the only part of Svaneti not subjecte ...
Automatic grouping of morphologically related collocations
Automatic grouping of morphologically related collocations

... the third row of the parsing output (cf. Figure 6, e.g. Patente - patents). The morphological analysis will later allow us to identify which of these nouns are in fact compounds and which of them are not. The extraction of collocations is slightly more complicated. We implemented a series of PERL sc ...
Natural language Processing without human assistance –“Brachet
Natural language Processing without human assistance –“Brachet

... abstracted. Thus, one constraint of my task was to produce exactly the same representations as used by the previous representation. Further, in terms of case frames to be used, the noun algorithm recognized only certain case frames. Thus all the case frames and even the final network would have to b ...
Language Arts - Alton School District
Language Arts - Alton School District

... • It begins with a capital letter and ends with a period or exclamation mark (!). • Imperative sentences often begin with a verb. • The subject in most imperative sentences is you. Although the word you does not appear in the sentence, it is implied. 1. Give me back my mitt! (imperative) 2. He ran t ...
File - BAB-UL-ILM RESEARCH FOUNDATION (BIRF)
File - BAB-UL-ILM RESEARCH FOUNDATION (BIRF)

... despite it contains two vowels but a single sounds: “vowel” and “success”, however, have a different case, as both of them have two sounds provided that there are two syllables in each word; in the word “vowel”, o and e are broken with the consonant w; similarly, the two vowels of “success” are brok ...
Word Analysis and Vocabulary Skills
Word Analysis and Vocabulary Skills

... sentence* • Uses semantics and graphophonics to select a word to complete a sentence* • Chooses among alternate meanings for common homographs (term not used) in a sentence based on the context given in the sentence (e.g., sea, club, hand) • Identifies the word that sounds just like a given word • I ...
An Updated Typology of Causative Constructions: Form
An Updated Typology of Causative Constructions: Form

... demonstrate that causee control (Dixon’s parameter 3) over the caused microevent is a significant semantic factor in licensing this construction. I show that Næss’ (2007) model of transitivity as a set of semantic prototypes, as applied to causative event participants, nicely accounts for other aspe ...
French Language Studies – Grammar Reference Resource
French Language Studies – Grammar Reference Resource

... A determiner is a word that determines or qualifies the meaning of a noun by expressing such concepts as quantity or definiteness. There is never more than one determiner per noun and it is always placed before the noun. Determiners always agree in gender and number with the nouns they modify. Artic ...
Created by: Joanne Warner Visit my website
Created by: Joanne Warner Visit my website

... language skill pages from our reading series as well. This took about 20-30 minutes of our language arts block. The rest of our language arts block was devoted to 6 Traits mini-lessons and writing time. I have included many opportunities for students to improve their vocabulary by looking up words i ...
The evolution of number in Otomi
The evolution of number in Otomi

... In Old Otomi, the number system in pronominals was based on a singular-dual-plural opposition, but the dual became an unstable value in the breaking up of the old dialectal continuum. The instability is witnessed in that some of the modern languages stray considerably from the original situation, w ...
SPLIT-INTRANSITIVITY IN SWAHILI AND HITTITE
SPLIT-INTRANSITIVITY IN SWAHILI AND HITTITE

... that split the set of intransitive verbs into two subsets, but the properties do not all split them into the same two subsets. This is a problem since there are phenomena, such as choice between auxiliary have and be in some languages (as discussed in section 2.3 below), that require that a single s ...
Braj in Brief - Hindi Urdu Flagship
Braj in Brief - Hindi Urdu Flagship

... recordings of the couplets included here. In gnomic genres of the kind found in Vnd’s Nīti Satsai, the first line postulates an abstract thought, and the second confirms it with a concrete illustration: thus in dohā 1, the first line talks in abstract terms about the necessity of ‘effort’, while th ...
Veni, Vide, Vince!
Veni, Vide, Vince!

... One particular problem concerns those words in Latin that are spelt alike but mean different things. Words like this occur in all languages (English not least) and are always a problem for the learner. They will not cause excessive difficulty if you treat them with care; but jumping to conclusions c ...
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Ojibwe grammar

The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. It is one of the largest American Indian languages north of Mexico in terms of number of speakers, and exhibits a large number of divergent dialects. For the most part, this article describes the Minnesota variety of the Southwestern dialect. The orthography used is the Fiero Double-Vowel System.Like many American languages, Ojibwe is polysynthetic, meaning it exhibits a great deal of synthesis and a very high morpheme-to-word ratio (e.g., the single word for ""they are Chinese"" is aniibiishaabookewininiiwiwag, which contains seven morphemes: elm-PEJORATIVE-liquid-make-man-be-PLURAL, or approximately ""they are leaf-soup [i.e., tea] makers""). It is agglutinating, and thus builds up words by stringing morpheme after morpheme together, rather than having several affixes which carry numerous different pieces of information.Like most Algonquian languages, Ojibwe distinguishes two different kinds of third person, a proximate and an obviative. The proximate is a traditional third person, while the obviative (also frequently called ""fourth person"") marks a less important third person if more than one third person is taking part in an action. In other words, Ojibwe uses the obviative to avoid the confusion that could be created by English sentences such as ""John and Bill were good friends, ever since the day he first saw him"" (who saw whom?). In Ojibwe, one of the two participants would be marked as proximate (whichever one was deemed more important), and the other marked as obviative.
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