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Workshop on Nominalization
Workshop on Nominalization

... verbal characteristics. Option 2: Reconsider one part of the procedure in the theta-system. Original version: the argument structure of verbal concepts is made readable for CHL by channelling it through the [+ c], [+m] system. Assumes that being verbal is given. Add: Being channelled through the fea ...
J93-2002 - ACL Anthology Reference Corpus
J93-2002 - ACL Anthology Reference Corpus

... it is widely agreed that current lexical resources are inadequate. Language engineers have access to some but not all of the grammar, and some but not all of the lexicon. The most easily formalized and most reliable grammatical facts tend to be those involving auxiliaries, rnodals, and determiners, ...
Svan and its speakers. Kevin Tuite Université de Montréal [NB: This
Svan and its speakers. Kevin Tuite Université de Montréal [NB: This

... 2.4.3. Metathesis. Another feature that spreads is labialization, as when a 1st-person subject marker appears directly before the root. In some instances the metathesized labial feature attaches to the root-initial consonant, in other cases the vowel is rounded: e.g. UB {xw-re:ka} > rwe:ka, rö:ka; c ...
Document
Document

... English inflection and probably also word formation are word-based: a word form minus the morphological exponent is itself a word (a free morpheme). This base form for morphological operations may be called a “stem” (and often will be in these lecture notes), but such stems are always coextensive wi ...
Presentation Transcript
Presentation Transcript

... functions  words  because  they  indicate  a  place,  time,  or  sequence.  They  are  also  free  morphemes.   Pronouns,  they  refer  to  nouns  and  substitute  for  them.  They’re  function  words  and  they’re  free   morphemes.  Aux ...
5. Function and Usage of the Cases
5. Function and Usage of the Cases

... considerably simplified flexional system, which was generally maintained in OF (cf. Ewert 1967: 126). It has to be noted that the term 'Vulgar Latin' is ambiguous, as it does not designate a homogenous language. In effect, the forms of Latin spoken after the 2nd century B.C. onwards varied widely, d ...
Bulgarian reference grammar
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... developed a unique alphabet, Glagolitic, and they, and later their followers, translated many religious works into this literary language. The history of the spread of Old Bulgarian, in this literary Old Church Slavic form, and the degree to which it influenced later literary language developments i ...
pre-final version of a paper published in Rochelle
pre-final version of a paper published in Rochelle

... semantically bivalent verbs (as in Tswana rata ‘love’ / ratana ‘love one another’), is often found with an associative meaning (‘do s.t. together’, as in Tswana bopega ‘take shape’ / bopagana ‘fuse’) in combination with monovalent verbs. It may also express repetitive actions, which is reminiscent o ...
Understanding Parts of Speech
Understanding Parts of Speech

... referred back to, when used as antecedents, by plural pronouns. Plural Subject ...
Aligning words in English-Hindi parallel corpora
Aligning words in English-Hindi parallel corpora

... In certain cases, words in English-Hindi phrases follow a similar order. The NAN approach works on this principle and aligns one or more words with one of the English words. Considering one HWG at a time, we find the nearest Hindi word that is already aligned with one or more English word(s). Aligni ...
The Book of Grammar
The Book of Grammar

... _______ had failed the test. • they or s/he? ...
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... tive} with a mutually exclusive suffix o—no verb form can occur with both the as and the o suffixes simultaneously. A particular set of paradigmatically opposed suffixes is said to fill a paradigm. Because of its direct appeal to paradigmatic opposition, the unsupervised morphology induction algori ...
Mini-tests in Grammar № 4 Name - Кам`янець
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... Both theoretical and normative grammar describe the grammatical system of the language. All the rules according to which people construct their speech are based on Normative Grammar. Normative Grammar is the collection of rules of the given language, which provide the students with a manual of pract ...
double-underline all verbs
double-underline all verbs

... appear somewhere after them. Find the word or words that they are helping, and double-underline those words, too. Here are some examples of helping verb + main verb combinations: can finish, could tell, could have eaten, shall return, should use, should have talked, will go, would begin, would have ...
syntactic and semantic characteristics
syntactic and semantic characteristics

... 1. The number of particles used to form phrasal verbs are limited ; they are mostly: on, in, down, over, out, up, off 2. Phrasal verbs are not easily or freely composed. In fact, there are certain restrictions on their composition. In the phrasal verb look for, for example, we cannot replace for by ...
Grammar Notebook Part One - cathyeagle
Grammar Notebook Part One - cathyeagle

... • Intransitive verb: action verb that cannot take an object – The action stops at the verb and does not cross over to a noun. – Example • Rex is sleeping. Rex dormit. ...
Identify the direct object in the following sentence. Excessive
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... Attempts to identify literary language through its abundance of rhetorical or figurative devices have also failed. – adjective Some have argued that it is a mistake to set up a dichotomy between literary and non-literary language, since literature is defined simply by what we as readers or literary ...
Maltese Morphology - Stony Brook Linguistics
Maltese Morphology - Stony Brook Linguistics

... and *r≥ (Schabert 1976: 50–52). In Arabic, vowels in the vicinity of pharyngealized consonants are backed or lowered, so that the phonetic difference between /†a/ and /ta/, for example, is located in both the consonant and the vowel, approximately as [†A] versus [tæ] respectively. In Maltese the pha ...
Roots and patterns in Beja (Cushitic): the issue of - Hal-SHS
Roots and patterns in Beja (Cushitic): the issue of - Hal-SHS

... 2. The Beja language: classification and sociolinguistics Beja (named beɖawije-t by the Beja people) is an unwritten language, traditionally classified as the sole member of the Northern branch of Cushitic of the Afroasiatic phylum. It is mainly spoken in the Red Sea Hills in Eastern Sudan by approx ...
The Newar verb in Tibeto-Burman perspective
The Newar verb in Tibeto-Burman perspective

... 'iliat the Dolakha system has innovated the present and the past habitual • should be reconstructed for Prototer1ses, and that a past/non-past distinction Newar'. Because the present tense morpheme <-a> undergoes no morphophonological alternations, Genetti (1990: 141, 183) sees reason to suppose tha ...
The Regular, Irregular, and Pronominal Commands
The Regular, Irregular, and Pronominal Commands

... Part II: Using Verbs Correctly with Questions, Commands, and Such Use the tu command when speaking to one person with whom you’re familiar. You use the vous command when speaking to one person with whom you aren’t familiar, a superior (like your boss or your professor), or someone older than you; an ...
Introduction to Unit 1 pg. 2-4 General Information pg. 3 General Tips
Introduction to Unit 1 pg. 2-4 General Information pg. 3 General Tips

... letters of any alphabet to learn, because there has to be a vowel in order to have a word. Vowels in Spanish are called vocales. This is where we get the word “vocal” in the English language. You may have heard this word before in language or in music. It makes sense because in a language or in musi ...
An Accurate Arabic Root-Based Lemmatizer for Information
An Accurate Arabic Root-Based Lemmatizer for Information

... different language knowledge resources. In this paper, the proposed lemmatizer uses word patterns, roots, syntactic and morphological basic rules, to reduce Arabic words into their lemma canonical form. In the proposed approach, the extraction process is augmented with auxiliary dictionaries for wor ...
Systemic polyfunctionality and morphology
Systemic polyfunctionality and morphology

... of the Samoyedic language Tundra Nenets. We will refer to this as systemic polyfunctionality in the sense that the phenomenon becomes explicable only by consideration of the nature of organization observed in the Tundra Nenets grammar system: it cannot be understood by simply analyzing each differen ...
stem changing verbs e:i - Haverford School District
stem changing verbs e:i - Haverford School District

... comment and would like it repeated. In English when someone says something you don't hear, you say, “What?” If this happens in Spanish, the one word response, “¿ Cómo?” is appropriate. That does not, however, mean that cómo can be used to mean “What?” in any other situation. ...
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Ojibwe grammar

The Ojibwe language is an Algonquian American Indian language spoken throughout the Great Lakes region and westward onto the northern plains. It is one of the largest American Indian languages north of Mexico in terms of number of speakers, and exhibits a large number of divergent dialects. For the most part, this article describes the Minnesota variety of the Southwestern dialect. The orthography used is the Fiero Double-Vowel System.Like many American languages, Ojibwe is polysynthetic, meaning it exhibits a great deal of synthesis and a very high morpheme-to-word ratio (e.g., the single word for ""they are Chinese"" is aniibiishaabookewininiiwiwag, which contains seven morphemes: elm-PEJORATIVE-liquid-make-man-be-PLURAL, or approximately ""they are leaf-soup [i.e., tea] makers""). It is agglutinating, and thus builds up words by stringing morpheme after morpheme together, rather than having several affixes which carry numerous different pieces of information.Like most Algonquian languages, Ojibwe distinguishes two different kinds of third person, a proximate and an obviative. The proximate is a traditional third person, while the obviative (also frequently called ""fourth person"") marks a less important third person if more than one third person is taking part in an action. In other words, Ojibwe uses the obviative to avoid the confusion that could be created by English sentences such as ""John and Bill were good friends, ever since the day he first saw him"" (who saw whom?). In Ojibwe, one of the two participants would be marked as proximate (whichever one was deemed more important), and the other marked as obviative.
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