• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Year 3 - Highwoods Community Primary School
Year 3 - Highwoods Community Primary School

... Stop  doing  that!  Mix  the  butter  and  the  sugar  together.   What  did  you  have  for  dinner?   What  a  dangerous  mountain  to  climb!   How  lovely  the  weather  is!   The  children  played  in  the  playground.   The  c ...
Transitional expressions
Transitional expressions

... table for the kind of logical relationship you are trying to express. Then look in the right column of the table for examples of words or phrases that express this logical relationship. Keep in mind that each of these words or phrases may have a slightly different meaning. Consult a dictionary or wr ...
An Intelligent Hybrid Approach for Improving Recall in Electronic Discovery
An Intelligent Hybrid Approach for Improving Recall in Electronic Discovery

... WordNet [7] as the knowledge resource. We have modified the original Lesk algorithm adopting WordNet lexical and semantic taxonomy and direct implementation of the Jiang & Conrath algorithm using all the words in context as the window size. In the Modified Lesk implementation, we have not considered ...
How To Study The Bible (#7)
How To Study The Bible (#7)

... As noted last week, definitions can include a wide range of possibilities (e.g., 179 different senses of run). How, then, do we determine the specific meaning of a word? Though you might consult a dictionary and consider one or two (or more) possibilities, the task is more demanding than that. Words ...
Speech recognition, artificial intelligence and translation
Speech recognition, artificial intelligence and translation

... — small vocabulary, mandated grammar systems, speaker independent, 98 per cent, words correct. NEAR TO MEDIUM TERM PROSPECTS More of the same. Breakthroughs in the knowledge representation problem are not obviously imminent. There will be quantitative improvements (what counts as small, etc.) but no ...
14.1 prefix and sufixes
14.1 prefix and sufixes

... “vocabulary.” Lexis refers to “meaning” words rather than grammatical – or “glue” – words. So, “people,” “purple” are lexical; “in,” “might” are grammatical. Today, we will begin to look at lexical morphology – or, the way words, and their meanings, are built. ...
ELA Milestones
ELA Milestones

... reference book. Guide words can be found in a dictionary, encyclopedia, or a thesaurus. Dictionary – contains words and their meanings in alphabetical order; also gives pronunciation and part of speech Thesaurus – a book of synonyms (words with like meanings) Encyclopedia – contains volumes of infor ...
Word sense disambiguation - Cognitive Science Department
Word sense disambiguation - Cognitive Science Department

... Word sense disambiguation continues to be a difficult problem for machine translation (MT) systems.The most common current methods for resolving word sense ambiguities are based on statistical collocations or static selectional preferences between pairs of word senses. The real power of word sense s ...
Grammar Pointers for the Developmental Exit Exam
Grammar Pointers for the Developmental Exit Exam

... b. Except means everything but that. (Think of the word exception.) Example: I like everything in the salad you made except the red peppers. 3. Affect/Effect a. Affect means you are influenced by something, or it is influencing something. Example: I was affected by my teacher’s lecture. b. Effect me ...
WORD CHOICE & FORM for TOEIC TEST
WORD CHOICE & FORM for TOEIC TEST

... grammar are tested. Your knowledge of vocabulary is also tested. You will see many commonly confused words. The right answer may be a noun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition or conjunction. The questions with four answers listed are related in some way. The words may look or sound similar, but ha ...
3. Language_features and what they add - Copy
3. Language_features and what they add - Copy

... And the effect they have on the reader! ...
1) the orthographic word, 5) the grammatical word, 2) the
1) the orthographic word, 5) the grammatical word, 2) the

... 1) The orthographic word = in terms of alphabetic or syllabic writing systems: a visual sign with space around it: BrE colour and AmE color = the same word may be written in two visual forms. 2) The phonological word – understood in terms of sound: a spoken signal that occurs more commonly as part o ...
Unsmoothed n-gram models
Unsmoothed n-gram models

... –  Switchboard: 2.4 million wordform tokens; 20,000 wordform types –  Shakespeare s complete works: 884,647 wordform tokens; 29,066 wordform types –  Brown corpus: 1 million wordform tokens; 61,805 wordform types; 37,851 lemma types –  Brown et al. 1992: 583 million wordform tokens, 293,181 wordform ...
Rhetoric: The Art of Persuasion
Rhetoric: The Art of Persuasion

... yoking together) of two or more parts of speech by another part of speech  Examples: one subject with two verbs; a verb with two direct objects  Main benefit of the linking is that it shows relationships between ideas and actions more clearly ...
Name Language Arts / Five – A – Day
Name Language Arts / Five – A – Day

... (person, place, or thing)? punctuation mark: Students will use the rules of the English language in writing and speaking. ...
Rhetorical Term Assignment File
Rhetorical Term Assignment File

... the state or condition of being parallel. A figure of speech in which parallelism is reinforced by members that are of the same length. A well-known example of this is Julius Caesar's "Veni, vidi, vici" The placing of a sentence or one of its parts against another to which it is opposed to form a ba ...
Year Five Spelling - Woodmancote School
Year Five Spelling - Woodmancote School

... Converting nouns or adjectives into verbs using suffixes (for example –ate, -ise, -ify). Verb prefixes (for example, dis-, de-, mis-, over- and re-) Use –ant and –ance/ -ancy if there is a related word with a /ce/ or /ei/ sound in the right position; -ation endings are often a clue. Use –ent and –en ...
6+1 Traits of Writing Word Choice
6+1 Traits of Writing Word Choice

... • Be wary of vocabulary lists, teaching words in isolation will not create rich vocabulary. Students need to explore the real role of words in the context of writing-to create meaning and to satisfy the reader. • Its not about using big words. Students need to learn to use the appropriate word for ...
Vocabulary #2, Exercise #1
Vocabulary #2, Exercise #1

... Each of the following sentences contains words of the kind specified before the sentence. Fine these words and write them on your paper. 1. adverbs The students were instructed to work quietly after the exam. 2. prepositions Last week, we traveled over the river, through the woods and between two mo ...
WORDS
WORDS

... For every word we know, we have learned meaning/several meanings. Pragmatic information For every word we learn, we know not only its meaning (s) but also how to use it in the context of discourse or conversation. ...
Connotative Meaning
Connotative Meaning

... The word ‘koboi’ from the English ‘cowboy’ and the indigenous word ‘gembala sapi’. They have the same denotation, still no one would say ‘film gembala sapi’ instead of saying ‘film koboi’. The latter still contains Western, especially American, connotations. The word ‘koboi’ immediately takes the In ...
Word Classes and POS Tagging
Word Classes and POS Tagging

... Each step of NLP analysis requires a module that knows what to do. How do such modules get created? •By hand •By training Advantages of hand creation: based on sound linguistic principles, sensible to people, explainable Advantages of training from a corpus: less work, extensible to new languages, c ...
Words and word-formation processes
Words and word-formation processes

... Some familiar examples are the elements un-, mis-, pre-, -ful, -less, -ish, -ism and –ness which appear in words like unhappy, misrepresent, prejudge, joyful, careless, boyish, terrorism and sadness. ...
Natural Language Processing
Natural Language Processing

... in the past/total number of events in the past Works well only if X occurred often, not very useful for low-frequency events Probability of X happening in the future = f(number of cases of X happening in the past)/Sum(f(number of cases of some event happening in the past)), e.g. if f(Pr(X))=Pr(X)+0. ...
Midterm Review
Midterm Review

... Framenet: subcategorization frames/verb semantics ...
< 1 ... 36 37 38 39 40 41 >

Word-sense disambiguation

In computational linguistics, word-sense disambiguation (WSD) is an open problem of natural language processing and ontology. WSD is identifying which sense of a word (i.e. meaning) is used in a sentence, when the word has multiple meanings. The solution to this problem impacts other computer-related writing, such as discourse, improving relevance of search engines, anaphora resolution, coherence, inference et cetera.The human brain is quite proficient at word-sense disambiguation. The fact that natural language is formed in a way that requires so much of it is a reflection of that neurologic reality. In other words, human language developed in a way that reflects (and also has helped to shape) the innate ability provided by the brain's neural networks. In computer science and the information technology that it enables, it has been a long-term challenge to develop the ability in computers to do natural language processing and machine learning.To date, a rich variety of techniques have been researched, from dictionary-based methods that use the knowledge encoded in lexical resources, to supervised machine learning methods in which a classifier is trained for each distinct word on a corpus of manually sense-annotated examples, to completely unsupervised methods that cluster occurrences of words, thereby inducing word senses. Among these, supervised learning approaches have been the most successful algorithms to date.Current accuracy is difficult to state without a host of caveats. In English, accuracy at the coarse-grained (homograph) level is routinely above 90%, with some methods on particular homographs achieving over 96%. On finer-grained sense distinctions, top accuracies from 59.1% to 69.0% have been reported in recent evaluation exercises (SemEval-2007, Senseval-2), where the baseline accuracy of the simplest possible algorithm of always choosing the most frequent sense was 51.4% and 57%, respectively.
  • studyres.com © 2026
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report