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Spring Term 2011- Ileana Baciu
Spring Term 2011- Ileana Baciu

... In Comrie’s own words “ another way of explaining the difference between perfective and imperfective meaning is to say that the perfective looks at the situation from outside, without necessarily distinguishing any of the internal structure of the situation, whereas the imperfective looks at the sit ...
"Gapping" in DP. - Northwestern University
"Gapping" in DP. - Northwestern University

... 1.1 The Across-the-Board Movement Analysis of Verbal Gapping VG is distinguished from other elliptical constructions by a number of characteristics. Here, we will focus on four prominent characteristics by comparing it with Verb Phrase ellipsis (VPE). We contrast VG with VPE instead of other similar ...
Grace Theological Journal 11.1 (1991) 71
Grace Theological Journal 11.1 (1991) 71

... An extensive and detailed consideration of the conditional sentences has previously been published by this writer7 so this section will be primarily a summary and collection of statistics. For a fuller discussion and support for some statements made here the reader is referred to these article's. Th ...
HAY There is, there are…
HAY There is, there are…

... can signify “to be” in Spanish. n  True definition: there is, there are ...
Missing Objects in Persian
Missing Objects in Persian

... evidence that verb movement out of the verb phrase is only triggered by topicalization and focus features (Karimi 2005:159-160). Toosarvandani (2009:61) proposes that in Persian complex predicates, the light verb is stranded in v and constructions like (5) involve v-stranding verb phrase ellipsis. I ...
Braj in Brief - Hindi Urdu Flagship
Braj in Brief - Hindi Urdu Flagship

... recordings of the couplets included here. In gnomic genres of the kind found in Vnd’s Nīti Satsai, the first line postulates an abstract thought, and the second confirms it with a concrete illustration: thus in dohā 1, the first line talks in abstract terms about the necessity of ‘effort’, while th ...
Cognition, Grammaticalization and Syntactic Change. The
Cognition, Grammaticalization and Syntactic Change. The

... in speech and its subsequent written manifestations. The view which in our opinion best reflects the nature of the process is presented by Traugott as “a gradient phenomenon, whereby forms and constructions that at first express primarily concrete, lexical, and objective meanings come through repeat ...
StudMon 9_title.indd
StudMon 9_title.indd

... This argument can even be found in the latest discussions on the Egyptian script system, e.g. Stauder 2010: 137-148. The written word ʸʴʱ s-p-r in Modern Hebrew shows only root consonants. This word bears at least six possible meanings: book, barber, (he) counted, (he) told, (he) cut [hair], (it) wa ...
4B Ablative
4B Ablative

... senex cānīs capillīs et ueste sordidā (“a man with white hair and unclean garments”) Note the very similar genitive of description (grammar section 101 in your books). The genitive is used to denote permanent or inherent qualities or precise details regarding number, amount, dimensions, age, or time ...
The Major Functions of the NP
The Major Functions of the NP

... possibly exercising his or her will, does something to another which significantly affects the other. When two-participant verbs in English meeting this description are in their active form (we will discuss passives later), they always have the acting, ‘Agent’ argument as subject, and the acted-upon ...
THE POSITION OF THE VERB IN OLD ENGLISH RELATIVE
THE POSITION OF THE VERB IN OLD ENGLISH RELATIVE

... taken some sort of transformational generative approach with the assumption that OE is underlyingly an SOV language (an assumption that Mitchell [1992] questions); or they have looked at the broader category of subordinate clauses or even main clauses, without necessarily distinguishing particular f ...
A Syntactic Analysis of Modal bì 必: Auxiliary Verb or Adverb?
A Syntactic Analysis of Modal bì 必: Auxiliary Verb or Adverb?

... belongs to the Predicate adjuncts (PA) which resemble adverbs, but are distinguished from them “because they can also modify nominals, as adjunct to a nominal predicate”. More particular, bì 必 belongs to the PA of quality which “express the degree of certainty with which a predication is made or the ...
Basic English Grammar with Exercises
Basic English Grammar with Exercises

... material alone, along with the exercises, could form the basis of an introduction to a syntax course. The latter chapters then address specific aspects of the English language and how the concepts and grammatical mechanisms introduced in the first two chapters can be applied to these to enable an un ...
Chicago
Chicago

... commonly confused or misused words (such as affect and effect), consult section 47, the glossary of usage. For brief definitions of grammatical terms such as subordinate clause or participial phrase, turn to section 48. Web references  Check the bottoms of pages for references to practice exercises ...
Basic Grammar and Usage
Basic Grammar and Usage

... which they occur. “C” exercises require students to compose their own sentences, such as writing one sentence using who in a restrictive clause and another using who in a nonrestrictive clause. To help in holding the students’ interest, most of the “A” and “B” exercises are written in narrative form ...
Basic English Grammar with Exercises
Basic English Grammar with Exercises

... material alone, along with the exercises, could form the basis of an introduction to a syntax course. The latter chapters then address specific aspects of the English language and how the concepts and grammatical mechanisms introduced in the first two chapters can be applied to these to enable an un ...
Logical and typological arguments for Radical
Logical and typological arguments for Radical

... the specification of the auxiliary verb be and the oblique preposition by.1 In contemporary construction grammar, constructions such as the passive need not specify the linear order of their constituent elements; in many cases they do not, linear order being determined by other constructions with wh ...
Hausa Grammar and Classical Logic: Transculturality of Sentential
Hausa Grammar and Classical Logic: Transculturality of Sentential

... and phonetics are very different from that of the Indo-European languages which elaborated the formal logic. The Hausa language belongs to the Chadic group of the Afro-Asiatic family of languages, and it is spoken in a large area of sub-Saharan Africa, which includes the countries of Niger, Nigeria ...
The secret life of focus exponents, and what it tells us about fronted
The secret life of focus exponents, and what it tells us about fronted

... the definiteness effect and its exceptions is a categorization of definite NPs in terms of their discourse potential. De Kuthy (2002, sec. 6.5) discusses that one can distinguish definite NPs which function anaphorically and thereby have to be part of the background of a sentence from a second class ...
Area of Investigation - University of Zimbabwe Institutional Repository
Area of Investigation - University of Zimbabwe Institutional Repository

... The researcher observed that there is a diglossic situation in Chakari. Fishman (1967) used the term to describe a situation in which two or more different languages are used in different situations in a society. One of the important features of diglossia is the specialisation of function for H (hig ...
3. T P R
3. T P R

... 2.2. Rendering Influenced by Shape or Sound of the Hebrew Word Many authors have noted that the shape of the Hebrew word can play a role in its rendering in Syriac.9 It appears that there may be at least one example of this in Psalm 25: Verse 3 ...
here - The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship
here - The Elvish Linguistic Fellowship

... túle "came"; OEA: cóm. Evidently a past tense of tul- "come" (Etym s.v. TUL), formed by the lengthening of the stem-vowel and addition of the past suffix -e; the same formation could be seen in ohta-káre below. In Etym, however, past tense of kar- "make, do" is given as karne, so Tolkien might have ...
Passive without passive morphology
Passive without passive morphology

... antecedent for the enclitic pronoun. It appears that it occupies a clause external position of TOP position within an extended clause structure (see Bresnan 2001:116). To illustrate the point, consider sentence (3a), which can be analysed as having the structure shown in (5). In this structure, the ...
ELA 2
ELA 2

... Mathematics are my favorite subject in school. Answer: Incorrect. Are should be replaced by is. 2. If the following sentence is correct, write the word correct. Otherwise, fix the verb so that it agrees with its subject. The family has moved south for the winter. Answer: Correct. 3. If the followin ...
First Experience Latin with Fr. Reginald Foster
First Experience Latin with Fr. Reginald Foster

... Lesson 11: Prepositions 2 Prepositions which take both the Accusative and Ablative As we learned, in the dictionary, 50% of prepositions are "prepositions which take the accusavite", often abbreviated: "prep. with acc." The other 50% of prepositions will be "prep. with abl." - prepositions which tak ...
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Scottish Gaelic grammar



This article describes the grammar of the Scottish Gaelic language.
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