Kokama-Kokamilla - Scholars` Bank
... exemplification. This study is based on significant fieldwork since 1997, allowing the analysis to be grounded in text data. One of KK’s most salient typological features is a morphological distinction between male and female speech in several grammatical categories. Major grammatical categories lik ...
... exemplification. This study is based on significant fieldwork since 1997, allowing the analysis to be grounded in text data. One of KK’s most salient typological features is a morphological distinction between male and female speech in several grammatical categories. Major grammatical categories lik ...
Adverbs of time
... coincide with adjectives (a dead body, clear waters, clean hands). Adverbs like are past, above homonymous with prepositions. There is also a special group of pronominal adverbs when, where, how, why used either as interrogative words or as connectives to introduce subordinate clauses. Where shall w ...
... coincide with adjectives (a dead body, clear waters, clean hands). Adverbs like are past, above homonymous with prepositions. There is also a special group of pronominal adverbs when, where, how, why used either as interrogative words or as connectives to introduce subordinate clauses. Where shall w ...
The Grammar of English Grammars
... grammatical authorship has sunk so low, that no man who is capable of perceiving its multitudinous errors, dares now stoop to notice the most flagrant of its abuses, or the most successful of its abuses? And, of the quackery which is now so prevalent, what can be a more natural effect, than a very g ...
... grammatical authorship has sunk so low, that no man who is capable of perceiving its multitudinous errors, dares now stoop to notice the most flagrant of its abuses, or the most successful of its abuses? And, of the quackery which is now so prevalent, what can be a more natural effect, than a very g ...
Get cached
... This chapter will discuss nominal °projections that contain two nouns without it being obvious which of the two nouns is to be considered the head of the construction. Section 4.1 will discuss noun phrases of the type een paar boeken ‘a couple of books’, in which two nouns may occur adjacently, with ...
... This chapter will discuss nominal °projections that contain two nouns without it being obvious which of the two nouns is to be considered the head of the construction. Section 4.1 will discuss noun phrases of the type een paar boeken ‘a couple of books’, in which two nouns may occur adjacently, with ...
A Complete Grammar of Esperanto
... the student to feel that he has really mastered something. These exercises are further unique, in that each after the fifth is a coherent narrative, and nearly every one is a story of genuine interest in itself. These stories, if bound separately, would alone constitute a reader equivalent to those ...
... the student to feel that he has really mastered something. These exercises are further unique, in that each after the fifth is a coherent narrative, and nearly every one is a story of genuine interest in itself. These stories, if bound separately, would alone constitute a reader equivalent to those ...
Reflexive Clitics in the Slavic and Romance Languages.
... though I did not think that the time I heard it. In the retrospect, it was one of the best things that could have happened to me. Last, but not least, I would like to thank prof. Michael Wachtel for being on the committee. I spent 5 years in Princeton and I want to thank everybody there. In particul ...
... though I did not think that the time I heard it. In the retrospect, it was one of the best things that could have happened to me. Last, but not least, I would like to thank prof. Michael Wachtel for being on the committee. I spent 5 years in Princeton and I want to thank everybody there. In particul ...
Attention and L2 learners` segmentation of complex sentences
... discussing my project, despite his extremely busy schedule. I am also extremely grateful to the other committee members, Dr. William Davies, Dr. Judith Liskin-Gasparro and Dr. Bruce Spencer, for their valuable advice. I was very fortunate to include Dr. Makino from Princeton University as a member o ...
... discussing my project, despite his extremely busy schedule. I am also extremely grateful to the other committee members, Dr. William Davies, Dr. Judith Liskin-Gasparro and Dr. Bruce Spencer, for their valuable advice. I was very fortunate to include Dr. Makino from Princeton University as a member o ...
1 Chapter 1. Introduction: status and definition of compounding
... Spelling is generally rejected as a criterion of compoundhood in English because the spelling of compounds is so inconsistent.2 Although there might seem to be a tendency for institutionalized compounds to be spelled as one word or hyphenated (cf. blackboard vs. a black board) this is hardly a hard- ...
... Spelling is generally rejected as a criterion of compoundhood in English because the spelling of compounds is so inconsistent.2 Although there might seem to be a tendency for institutionalized compounds to be spelled as one word or hyphenated (cf. blackboard vs. a black board) this is hardly a hard- ...
grammar of esperanto dr. ll zamenhof
... something. These exercises are further unique, in that each after the fifth is a coherent narrative, and nearly every one is a story of genuine interest in itself. These stories, if bound separately, would alone constitute a reader equivalent to those used in first and second year work in national l ...
... something. These exercises are further unique, in that each after the fifth is a coherent narrative, and nearly every one is a story of genuine interest in itself. These stories, if bound separately, would alone constitute a reader equivalent to those used in first and second year work in national l ...
Oriented Adverbs - Universität Tübingen
... appearance in this double role, and it is the ultimate goal of the present work to elucidate this connection. The analysis of such alternations, however, is complicated by the fact that most x-predicates give rise to more than one adverbial use. It becomes an important question, then, whether these ...
... appearance in this double role, and it is the ultimate goal of the present work to elucidate this connection. The analysis of such alternations, however, is complicated by the fact that most x-predicates give rise to more than one adverbial use. It becomes an important question, then, whether these ...
Writing - Pearson
... Module 5) The Craft of Writing Topic: 5.1: Getting Started 1. Identify the role of a personal writing ritual in the writing process. 2. Identify the benefits of keeping a writing journal. 3. Identify the benefits of writing on a computer. 4. Identify techniques for overcoming obstacles to writing. 5 ...
... Module 5) The Craft of Writing Topic: 5.1: Getting Started 1. Identify the role of a personal writing ritual in the writing process. 2. Identify the benefits of keeping a writing journal. 3. Identify the benefits of writing on a computer. 4. Identify techniques for overcoming obstacles to writing. 5 ...
Theory and method in grammaticalization
... complex notion in which a number of factors correlate. Concentrating on only one of them will not suffice. For instance, the discussion is very often simplified by using coalescence (free > clitic > affixal > fusional) as the sole criterion for grammaticalization. In cases where there is disagreemen ...
... complex notion in which a number of factors correlate. Concentrating on only one of them will not suffice. For instance, the discussion is very often simplified by using coalescence (free > clitic > affixal > fusional) as the sole criterion for grammaticalization. In cases where there is disagreemen ...
Clitics: An Introduction
... This book is an exploration of a very intriguing collection of linguistic beasts. Clitics is a fascinating subject. To study them adequately you really need to be concerned with all aspects of linguistics, from detailed phonetics to the analysis of discourse and conversation. Much of the interest th ...
... This book is an exploration of a very intriguing collection of linguistic beasts. Clitics is a fascinating subject. To study them adequately you really need to be concerned with all aspects of linguistics, from detailed phonetics to the analysis of discourse and conversation. Much of the interest th ...
Verbs and Verb Phrases - UvA-DARE
... Syntax is the field of linguistics that studies how words are combined into larger phrases and, ultimately, sentences. This means that we do not systematically discuss the internal structure of words (this is the domain of morphology) or the way in which sentences are put to use in discourse: we onl ...
... Syntax is the field of linguistics that studies how words are combined into larger phrases and, ultimately, sentences. This means that we do not systematically discuss the internal structure of words (this is the domain of morphology) or the way in which sentences are put to use in discourse: we onl ...
Content Area: Writing
... 5. Use commas to set off nonrestrictive clauses, phrases, and appositives. 6. Use commas to set off transitional and parenthetical expressions. 7. Use commas to set off dialogue tags and names used in direct address. 8. Avoid unnecessary commas. 9. Apply knowledge of this topic within the context of ...
... 5. Use commas to set off nonrestrictive clauses, phrases, and appositives. 6. Use commas to set off transitional and parenthetical expressions. 7. Use commas to set off dialogue tags and names used in direct address. 8. Avoid unnecessary commas. 9. Apply knowledge of this topic within the context of ...
Dependent Clause Constructions Key Examples
... cr animal kill=act.irr=pl that animal=gen meat take=act.irr quot say=act.pst ‘Whatever animal they kill, that animal’s meat they should bring, he said.’ (Peterson 2006: 299) Correlative construction Remark: There are two types of correlative constructions: (i) With je-class markers: ...
... cr animal kill=act.irr=pl that animal=gen meat take=act.irr quot say=act.pst ‘Whatever animal they kill, that animal’s meat they should bring, he said.’ (Peterson 2006: 299) Correlative construction Remark: There are two types of correlative constructions: (i) With je-class markers: ...
A Complete Grammar of the German Language
... words illustrating the rules of the lessons are no longer marked by heavy type ; and the idiomatic phrases are in serted in the vocabulary so as to encourage the use of it. The especial attention of instructors is invited to our classi ...
... words illustrating the rules of the lessons are no longer marked by heavy type ; and the idiomatic phrases are in serted in the vocabulary so as to encourage the use of it. The especial attention of instructors is invited to our classi ...
Issues in Salish Syntax and Semantics
... defined, are not relevant to semantico-syntactic relationships between underived lexemes and their derivates’ (1996: 24). Instead, the verb base (more or less equivalent to the traditional Salishan verb stem – that is, the verb root plus all derivational but not inflectional morphology) is taken as ...
... defined, are not relevant to semantico-syntactic relationships between underived lexemes and their derivates’ (1996: 24). Instead, the verb base (more or less equivalent to the traditional Salishan verb stem – that is, the verb root plus all derivational but not inflectional morphology) is taken as ...
Automatic annotation of similes in literary texts
... This thesis tackles the problem of the automatic recognition of similes in literary texts written in English or in French and proposes a framework to describe them from a stylistic perspective. In this respect, in the first part of this work, we are mainly interested in circumscribing the notion of ...
... This thesis tackles the problem of the automatic recognition of similes in literary texts written in English or in French and proposes a framework to describe them from a stylistic perspective. In this respect, in the first part of this work, we are mainly interested in circumscribing the notion of ...
Automatic annotation of similes in literary texts
... The incredible power of language cannot be denied; after all, according to the JudaeoChristian tradition, each and every single little thing on Earth has been created only with words. Indeed, through language, it is possible to immerse people in fictional stories and settings as well as to make them ...
... The incredible power of language cannot be denied; after all, according to the JudaeoChristian tradition, each and every single little thing on Earth has been created only with words. Indeed, through language, it is possible to immerse people in fictional stories and settings as well as to make them ...
Ling 390 - Intro to Linguistics
... Nonmodal; Conjunction (Con); Degree word (Deg) Table 5.1, p. 157 (on next slide) Harder to define nonlexical words (the or so compared to hill or book) Some words can belong to more than one category - examples? like/fond ...
... Nonmodal; Conjunction (Con); Degree word (Deg) Table 5.1, p. 157 (on next slide) Harder to define nonlexical words (the or so compared to hill or book) Some words can belong to more than one category - examples? like/fond ...
Complex Word-Formation and the Morphology
... chapter can be seen as zooming in on one of his three generative components, namely the syntactic one. Section 1.2 provides some evidence for the separation of word syntax and phrasal syntax (which will be referred to as morphology and syntax, respectively) within the syntactic component. It will al ...
... chapter can be seen as zooming in on one of his three generative components, namely the syntactic one. Section 1.2 provides some evidence for the separation of word syntax and phrasal syntax (which will be referred to as morphology and syntax, respectively) within the syntactic component. It will al ...
Complex Word-Formation and the Morphology-Syntax Interface
... chapter can be seen as zooming in on one of his three generative components, namely the syntactic one. Section 1.2 provides some evidence for the separation of word syntax and phrasal syntax (which will be referred to as morphology and syntax, respectively) within the syntactic component. It will al ...
... chapter can be seen as zooming in on one of his three generative components, namely the syntactic one. Section 1.2 provides some evidence for the separation of word syntax and phrasal syntax (which will be referred to as morphology and syntax, respectively) within the syntactic component. It will al ...
A first book of Old English : grammar, reader, notes, and vocabulary
... For a new impression of this book I now have the opportunity of consulting Krapp's edition of the Andreas^ and have conformed a fe\y readings to his, besides emending aece to secge (216. 5). ...
... For a new impression of this book I now have the opportunity of consulting Krapp's edition of the Andreas^ and have conformed a fe\y readings to his, besides emending aece to secge (216. 5). ...
- Catalyst
... Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar: A Practical Guide is an innovative reference guide to Brazilian Portuguese, combining traditional and function-based grammar in a single volume. The Grammar is divided into two parts. Part A covers traditional grammatical categories such as agreement, nouns, verb ...
... Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar: A Practical Guide is an innovative reference guide to Brazilian Portuguese, combining traditional and function-based grammar in a single volume. The Grammar is divided into two parts. Part A covers traditional grammatical categories such as agreement, nouns, verb ...
Inflection
In grammar, inflection or inflexion is the modification of a word to express different grammatical categories such as tense, mood, voice, aspect, person, number, gender and case. The inflection of verbs is also called conjugation, and the inflection of nouns, adjectives and pronouns is also called declension.An inflection expresses one or more grammatical categories with a prefix, suffix or infix, or another internal modification such as a vowel change. For example, the Latin verb ducam, meaning ""I will lead"", includes the suffix -am, expressing person (first), number (singular), and tense (future). The use of this suffix is an inflection. In contrast, in the English clause ""I will lead"", the word lead is not inflected for any of person, number, or tense; it is simply the bare form of a verb.The inflected form of a word often contains both a free morpheme (a unit of meaning which can stand by itself as a word), and a bound morpheme (a unit of meaning which cannot stand alone as a word). For example, the English word cars is a noun that is inflected for number, specifically to express the plural; the content morpheme car is unbound because it could stand alone as a word, while the suffix -s is bound because it cannot stand alone as a word. These two morphemes together form the inflected word cars.Words that are never subject to inflection are said to be invariant; for example, the English verb must is an invariant item: it never takes a suffix or changes form to signify a different grammatical category. Its categories can be determined only from its context.Requiring the inflections of more than one word in a sentence to be compatible according to the rules of the language is known as concord or agreement. For example, in ""the choir sings"", ""choir"" is a singular noun, so ""sing"" is constrained in the present tense to use the third person singular suffix ""s"".Languages that have some degree of inflection are synthetic languages. These can be highly inflected, such as Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit, or weakly inflected, such as English. Languages that are so inflected that a sentence can consist of a single highly inflected word (such as many American Indian languages) are called polysynthetic languages. Languages in which each inflection conveys only a single grammatical category, such as Finnish, are known as agglutinative languages, while languages in which a single inflection can convey multiple grammatical roles (such as both nominative case and plural, as in Latin and German) are called fusional. Languages such as Mandarin Chinese that never use inflections are called analytic or isolating.