Control of movement direction - Cognitive Science Research Group
... the brain is using to encode movement: the spatial (extrinsic) coordinates frame, which represents movement in the Cartesian space or the motor (intrinsic) coordinates that represents motion in terms of the actuator dynamics, such as the joint and muscles coordinates. The answer to this question is ...
... the brain is using to encode movement: the spatial (extrinsic) coordinates frame, which represents movement in the Cartesian space or the motor (intrinsic) coordinates that represents motion in terms of the actuator dynamics, such as the joint and muscles coordinates. The answer to this question is ...
Optogenetics in a transparent animal: circuit function in the larval
... (OKR) where objects moving across the visual field evoke stereotyped tracking eye movements [6], the optomotor response (OMR) where larvae turn and swim in the direction of perceived whole-field visual motion [7], prey tracking and capture [8–11], as well as associative learning [12], and motor adap ...
... (OKR) where objects moving across the visual field evoke stereotyped tracking eye movements [6], the optomotor response (OMR) where larvae turn and swim in the direction of perceived whole-field visual motion [7], prey tracking and capture [8–11], as well as associative learning [12], and motor adap ...
Scaling self-organizing maps to model large cortical networks
... quantitatively-equivalent map-level and neuron-level organization; the larger map will just have more detail. Such a correspondence makes it possible to develop a small-scale simulation first using available hardware, then scale it up to study specific phenomena that require a larger map. The scalin ...
... quantitatively-equivalent map-level and neuron-level organization; the larger map will just have more detail. Such a correspondence makes it possible to develop a small-scale simulation first using available hardware, then scale it up to study specific phenomena that require a larger map. The scalin ...
Brain Areas and Topography
... vaguely in the vicinity (+/- ~3 cm) of where I think it ought to be that lights up for something I think it ought to light up for • Neuroanatomist’s definition of an area: A circumscribed region of the cerebral cortex in which neurons together serve a specific function, receive connections from the ...
... vaguely in the vicinity (+/- ~3 cm) of where I think it ought to be that lights up for something I think it ought to light up for • Neuroanatomist’s definition of an area: A circumscribed region of the cerebral cortex in which neurons together serve a specific function, receive connections from the ...
35-2 The Nervous System
... The largest part of a typical neuron is the cell body. It contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm. ...
... The largest part of a typical neuron is the cell body. It contains the nucleus and much of the cytoplasm. ...
Structure of the Vertebrate Nervous System
... development or functioning. – Transcranial magnetic stimulation: the application of intense magnetic fields to temporarily inactivate neurons. ...
... development or functioning. – Transcranial magnetic stimulation: the application of intense magnetic fields to temporarily inactivate neurons. ...
12 - FacultyWeb
... • Fibers allow communication between different parts of the spinal cord and between the cord and brain ...
... • Fibers allow communication between different parts of the spinal cord and between the cord and brain ...
2605_lect9
... • Once migration is complete and structures have formed (aggregation), axons and dendrites begin to grow • Growth cone – at the growing tip of each extension, extends and retracts filopodia as if finding its way • Chemoaffinity hypothesis – postsynaptic targets release a chemical that guides axonal ...
... • Once migration is complete and structures have formed (aggregation), axons and dendrites begin to grow • Growth cone – at the growing tip of each extension, extends and retracts filopodia as if finding its way • Chemoaffinity hypothesis – postsynaptic targets release a chemical that guides axonal ...
Optogenetics Review1 - Department Of Biological Sciences
... Optogenetic manipulation of the neuronal activity enables one to analyze the neuronal network both in vivo and in vitro with precise spatio-temporal resolution. Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-sensitive cation channels that depolarize the cell membrane, whereas halorhodopsins and archaerhodopsins ...
... Optogenetic manipulation of the neuronal activity enables one to analyze the neuronal network both in vivo and in vitro with precise spatio-temporal resolution. Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are light-sensitive cation channels that depolarize the cell membrane, whereas halorhodopsins and archaerhodopsins ...
Neurons
... • Diverging circuit—one presynaptic neuron synapses with several other neurons (divergence) • Converging circuit—many neurons synapse on a single postsynaptic neuron (convergence) • Reverberating circuit—circuit that receives feedback via a collateral axon from a neuron in the circuit ...
... • Diverging circuit—one presynaptic neuron synapses with several other neurons (divergence) • Converging circuit—many neurons synapse on a single postsynaptic neuron (convergence) • Reverberating circuit—circuit that receives feedback via a collateral axon from a neuron in the circuit ...
Viewpoint Synaptic Connectivity and Neuronal Morphology: Two
... size of 1 mm). This mismatch is primarily due to the existence of dendrites, which further reduce the network size, as I argue next. Design III: Branching Axons and Dendrites A shortcoming of the axons-only network is that each axon has to make its way to every cell body. Since all the signals recei ...
... size of 1 mm). This mismatch is primarily due to the existence of dendrites, which further reduce the network size, as I argue next. Design III: Branching Axons and Dendrites A shortcoming of the axons-only network is that each axon has to make its way to every cell body. Since all the signals recei ...
Dispatch Vision: How to Train Visual Cortex to Predict Reward Time
... issue build on this work to better understand the mechanisms by which V1 neurons can be trained to exhibit such responses. What might be the circuit origin of reward timing activity in V1? Is it a reflection of a ‘cognitive’ brain function that is relayed from other, higher cortical areas, such as ...
... issue build on this work to better understand the mechanisms by which V1 neurons can be trained to exhibit such responses. What might be the circuit origin of reward timing activity in V1? Is it a reflection of a ‘cognitive’ brain function that is relayed from other, higher cortical areas, such as ...
Slide 1
... developing chick spinal cord at the neural plate stage and resulting spinal cord, showing the effect of adding or removing notochord. (Left) Normal development: the floor plate (red) develops above the notochord (n) and motor neurons (yellow) differentiate in the adjacent ventrolateral region of the ...
... developing chick spinal cord at the neural plate stage and resulting spinal cord, showing the effect of adding or removing notochord. (Left) Normal development: the floor plate (red) develops above the notochord (n) and motor neurons (yellow) differentiate in the adjacent ventrolateral region of the ...
Nervous System Spinal Cord and Nerves Spinal Cord
... Cross-section of the spinal cord. Located within the gray matter are 1 – nerve cell bodies for sensory neurons, 2 – somatic motor neurons, and 3 – autonomic motor neurons. ...
... Cross-section of the spinal cord. Located within the gray matter are 1 – nerve cell bodies for sensory neurons, 2 – somatic motor neurons, and 3 – autonomic motor neurons. ...
Motor functions
... • Characteristic feature increased muscle tone is spasticity. This term means a specific pattern of response of muscles to passive stretch (resistance increases linearly in relation to velocity of stretch). „clasp-knife“ • The antigravity muscles- flexors of the arms and the extensors of the legs- a ...
... • Characteristic feature increased muscle tone is spasticity. This term means a specific pattern of response of muscles to passive stretch (resistance increases linearly in relation to velocity of stretch). „clasp-knife“ • The antigravity muscles- flexors of the arms and the extensors of the legs- a ...
Presentation handouts
... Rethinking the Brain: Early Childhood Brain Development-Presentation Kit, 1998. For Full presentation, or research book, Rethinking the Brain, please contact the Families and Work Institute at www.familiesandwork.org ...
... Rethinking the Brain: Early Childhood Brain Development-Presentation Kit, 1998. For Full presentation, or research book, Rethinking the Brain, please contact the Families and Work Institute at www.familiesandwork.org ...
Nervous System - IHMC Public Cmaps
... body. It controls the activity of all other systems in such a way that all the systems collectively make a human being. Without a controlling system, there is no concept of life because in such case there will be no coordination between different body functions and they will all act separately. Nerv ...
... body. It controls the activity of all other systems in such a way that all the systems collectively make a human being. Without a controlling system, there is no concept of life because in such case there will be no coordination between different body functions and they will all act separately. Nerv ...
Multimodal imaging and the neural basis of EEG and fMRI
... diffuse and also have selective pumps (e.g. the sodiumpotassium pump forces 3Na+ out of the cell and picks up 2K+ into the cell on the return trip) causing a concentration gradient. Because ions have electrical charge, the concentration gradient creates an electrical potential (about -70 millivolt) ...
... diffuse and also have selective pumps (e.g. the sodiumpotassium pump forces 3Na+ out of the cell and picks up 2K+ into the cell on the return trip) causing a concentration gradient. Because ions have electrical charge, the concentration gradient creates an electrical potential (about -70 millivolt) ...
6.Lecture-664 - iLab! - University of Southern California
... pixels triplets (Red,Green,Blue) that define the color of the pixel. We want to label a given pixel color as belonging to one of the color patches we used to mark the hand, or as not belonging to any class. A straightforward way to detect whether a given target color (R’,G’,B’) matches the pixel ...
... pixels triplets (Red,Green,Blue) that define the color of the pixel. We want to label a given pixel color as belonging to one of the color patches we used to mark the hand, or as not belonging to any class. A straightforward way to detect whether a given target color (R’,G’,B’) matches the pixel ...
The Biology
... Because it evolved very early, the [a] _______________ of the brain is referred to as the old brain. It is composed of the medulla, which controls functions like breathing and heartbeat; the pons, which transmits information helping to coordinate muscle activity on the right and left halves of the b ...
... Because it evolved very early, the [a] _______________ of the brain is referred to as the old brain. It is composed of the medulla, which controls functions like breathing and heartbeat; the pons, which transmits information helping to coordinate muscle activity on the right and left halves of the b ...
A Type of Basket Cell in Superficial Layers of the Cat Visual Cortex
... indirect evidence only, it was deemed worthwhile to re-investigate this problem using the Golgi-EM technique. This approach permits one to trace the presynaptic terminals back to their parent cell body, so that it allows for a positive identification of basket cells, i.e. cells which produce axosoma ...
... indirect evidence only, it was deemed worthwhile to re-investigate this problem using the Golgi-EM technique. This approach permits one to trace the presynaptic terminals back to their parent cell body, so that it allows for a positive identification of basket cells, i.e. cells which produce axosoma ...
Supplementary Material
... day 7. (B) No differences were observed in the frequency of platform crosses during the probe trial between genotypes at 3 (p=0.0581), 6 (p=0.7238), 12 (p=0.1638), 18 (p=0.2633), and 24 (p=0.1334) months of age (1-way ANOVA). (C) Swim velocities of each mouse were determined during the probe trials. ...
... day 7. (B) No differences were observed in the frequency of platform crosses during the probe trial between genotypes at 3 (p=0.0581), 6 (p=0.7238), 12 (p=0.1638), 18 (p=0.2633), and 24 (p=0.1334) months of age (1-way ANOVA). (C) Swim velocities of each mouse were determined during the probe trials. ...