Axons break in animals lacking β-spectrin
... Defects were also rare in β-spectrin mutant embryos (fraction of neurons with defects: wild type = 1.3%; unc-70(s1502) = 3.1%; P = 0.31 in a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test). However, β-spectrin mutant animals accumulated defects with time. At hatching, the percentage of neurons with defects had incr ...
... Defects were also rare in β-spectrin mutant embryos (fraction of neurons with defects: wild type = 1.3%; unc-70(s1502) = 3.1%; P = 0.31 in a two-tailed Fisher’s exact test). However, β-spectrin mutant animals accumulated defects with time. At hatching, the percentage of neurons with defects had incr ...
Hungry for Pleasure, Hungry for Food
... deliver pure taste through the sucralose or pure reward through the laser. Neither of these alone is more appealing to a mouse than sucrose, but together they are.” For humans, the results shed light on the interplay between metabolic signals that convey hunger and sensory inputs that convey pleasur ...
... deliver pure taste through the sucralose or pure reward through the laser. Neither of these alone is more appealing to a mouse than sucrose, but together they are.” For humans, the results shed light on the interplay between metabolic signals that convey hunger and sensory inputs that convey pleasur ...
- Princeton University
... Figure 4. Imaging was performed in layer 2/3, which contained many fluorescently labeled neurons and astrocytes (Figure 4Ai). An image time series (see Movie S4) associated with this region was collected (0.256 s/frame) after the animal awoke from anesthesia, during voluntary running and resting beh ...
... Figure 4. Imaging was performed in layer 2/3, which contained many fluorescently labeled neurons and astrocytes (Figure 4Ai). An image time series (see Movie S4) associated with this region was collected (0.256 s/frame) after the animal awoke from anesthesia, during voluntary running and resting beh ...
Cognition without a Neural Code: How a Folded Electromagnetic Fields
... 1994), the magnetoencephalographic evidence cited in support of TNGS shows coordination between areas separated by 10 cm or more (Gaetz et al. 1998; Srinivasan et al. 1999). With a maximum conduction velocity in lightly myelinated neurons of 8 m/s, five round-trips along 10 cm of axon take 125 ms. N ...
... 1994), the magnetoencephalographic evidence cited in support of TNGS shows coordination between areas separated by 10 cm or more (Gaetz et al. 1998; Srinivasan et al. 1999). With a maximum conduction velocity in lightly myelinated neurons of 8 m/s, five round-trips along 10 cm of axon take 125 ms. N ...
Models of Information Processing in the Visual Cortex
... There are an almost infinite number of ways to model any given system, and this is particularly true if we are interested in something as complex as the human brain, including the visual cortex. It is impossible to review every type of model present in the literature. This chapter does not, by any me ...
... There are an almost infinite number of ways to model any given system, and this is particularly true if we are interested in something as complex as the human brain, including the visual cortex. It is impossible to review every type of model present in the literature. This chapter does not, by any me ...
Section VIII. The Development of the Nervous System
... the cortex has been examined in the primary somatosensory cortex of rodents, which contains discrete structures termed barrels. z Barrel formation depends on input from the periphery; their formation is disrupted if the whisker field in the skin is eliminated during development. ...
... the cortex has been examined in the primary somatosensory cortex of rodents, which contains discrete structures termed barrels. z Barrel formation depends on input from the periphery; their formation is disrupted if the whisker field in the skin is eliminated during development. ...
Cognition: An Overview of Neuroimaging Techniques
... the sulci, and it is therefore more limited in its scope. The major challenge with both EEG and MEG is referred to as the ‘inverse problem,’ which is the challenge of identifying the source of the underlying signal. This source can be a great distance from the point on the scalp at which it is measu ...
... the sulci, and it is therefore more limited in its scope. The major challenge with both EEG and MEG is referred to as the ‘inverse problem,’ which is the challenge of identifying the source of the underlying signal. This source can be a great distance from the point on the scalp at which it is measu ...
Neurotransmitters
... receptors all have excitatory effects: that is, they increase the probability that the target cell will fire an action potential. For other neurotransmitters (such as GABA), the most important receptors all have inhibitory effects. There are, however, other neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, ...
... receptors all have excitatory effects: that is, they increase the probability that the target cell will fire an action potential. For other neurotransmitters (such as GABA), the most important receptors all have inhibitory effects. There are, however, other neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, ...
Slide 1
... cortex. The five circuits are named according to the primary cortical target of the output from the basal ganglia: motor, oculomotor, dorsolateral prefrontal, lateral orbitofrontal, and anterior cingulate. ACA, anterior cingulate area; APA, arcuate premotor area; CAUD, caudate; b, body; h, head; DLC ...
... cortex. The five circuits are named according to the primary cortical target of the output from the basal ganglia: motor, oculomotor, dorsolateral prefrontal, lateral orbitofrontal, and anterior cingulate. ACA, anterior cingulate area; APA, arcuate premotor area; CAUD, caudate; b, body; h, head; DLC ...
Potential Utility of Optogenetics in the Study of
... optogenetics permit control over specific subtypes of neurons or their afferent or efferent projections and can greatly further our understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in depression and the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation and perhaps chemical antidepressants. Here, we discu ...
... optogenetics permit control over specific subtypes of neurons or their afferent or efferent projections and can greatly further our understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in depression and the mechanism of action of deep brain stimulation and perhaps chemical antidepressants. Here, we discu ...
General Neurophysiology - Department of Physiology
... beak. The sight of the displaced egg triggers this mechanism. If the egg is taken away, the animal continues with the behavior, pulling its head back as if an imaginary egg is still being maneuvered by the underside of its beak ...
... beak. The sight of the displaced egg triggers this mechanism. If the egg is taken away, the animal continues with the behavior, pulling its head back as if an imaginary egg is still being maneuvered by the underside of its beak ...
Box 9.1 The Basics of Sound (Part 1)
... Can hear sounds in a range from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter12.html ...
... Can hear sounds in a range from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz http://neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu/s2/chapter12.html ...
Vibration Sensitivity and a Computational Theory for Prey
... source is calculated up to 20 cm distance. By ablating slit sensilla in various combinations on the eight legs, the contribution each makes in computing target location can be assessed. Other behavioral experiments show that differential timing of surface wave arrival at each sensor is most likely t ...
... source is calculated up to 20 cm distance. By ablating slit sensilla in various combinations on the eight legs, the contribution each makes in computing target location can be assessed. Other behavioral experiments show that differential timing of surface wave arrival at each sensor is most likely t ...
Variance and invariance of neuronal long
... approximately 15% per day in primary somatosensory cortex [10] (but see [6,11,12] for potential pitfalls of these quantifications). How, then, is the brain able to maintain stable computational capabilities, stable representations of external and internal features and stable behavioural performance ...
... approximately 15% per day in primary somatosensory cortex [10] (but see [6,11,12] for potential pitfalls of these quantifications). How, then, is the brain able to maintain stable computational capabilities, stable representations of external and internal features and stable behavioural performance ...
A first-principle for the nervous system
... will add new signatures pertaining to the unique features of the sensory stimuli. Continuation of this leads to both an extension of the association code and their self-organization. Since several physical properties of the items and stimuli from events in the environment are common, a) several of t ...
... will add new signatures pertaining to the unique features of the sensory stimuli. Continuation of this leads to both an extension of the association code and their self-organization. Since several physical properties of the items and stimuli from events in the environment are common, a) several of t ...
MS Word Version
... 24. (Page 9.) These are called _________ receptors, and norepinephrine acts indirectly when binding to them. a. adrenergic b. cholinergic 25. (Page 9.) Both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors are found in the central nervous system, and more importantly, on effector organs of the _____________ ____ ...
... 24. (Page 9.) These are called _________ receptors, and norepinephrine acts indirectly when binding to them. a. adrenergic b. cholinergic 25. (Page 9.) Both alpha and beta adrenergic receptors are found in the central nervous system, and more importantly, on effector organs of the _____________ ____ ...
Synaptic reverberation underlying mnemonic persistent activity
... excitatory connections in a recurrent network are sufficiently strong. It is only recently, beginning with the work by Amit and colleagues, that attractor network models have been implemented with realistic models of cortical neurons and synapses22–27. Figure 2 illustrates the biophysics of an attra ...
... excitatory connections in a recurrent network are sufficiently strong. It is only recently, beginning with the work by Amit and colleagues, that attractor network models have been implemented with realistic models of cortical neurons and synapses22–27. Figure 2 illustrates the biophysics of an attra ...
Advanced biomaterial strategies to transplant preformed micro
... no current strategies to restore lost long-distance axonal pathways in the brain. We are creating transplantable micro-tissue engineered neural networks (micro-TENNs), which are preformed constructs consisting of embedded neurons and long axonal tracts to integrate with the nervous system to physica ...
... no current strategies to restore lost long-distance axonal pathways in the brain. We are creating transplantable micro-tissue engineered neural networks (micro-TENNs), which are preformed constructs consisting of embedded neurons and long axonal tracts to integrate with the nervous system to physica ...
what is the brain?? - UPM EduTrain Interactive Learning
... time. However, the brain also does some multitasking using the autonomic nervous system. For example, the brain controls breathing, heart rate and blood pressure at the same time it performs a mental task. ...
... time. However, the brain also does some multitasking using the autonomic nervous system. For example, the brain controls breathing, heart rate and blood pressure at the same time it performs a mental task. ...
The Brain The brain is responsible for everything we think, feel and
... 1.5kg. It is the largest organ in the human body. The brain is made up of billions of neurons and has trillions of connections between neurons. These connections create pathways that enable the transmission of information throughout the brain. The brain has different parts and structures within it. ...
... 1.5kg. It is the largest organ in the human body. The brain is made up of billions of neurons and has trillions of connections between neurons. These connections create pathways that enable the transmission of information throughout the brain. The brain has different parts and structures within it. ...
Rich-club organization in effective connectivity among cortical neurons
... were killed after the recording session; and brain tissue was sectioned, immunostained for NeuN, and imaged to verify the silicon prong placement. Signals from all recording sites were simultaneously sampled at 25 kHz. Spike sorting was performed off-line using a semi-automated Matlab script. The da ...
... were killed after the recording session; and brain tissue was sectioned, immunostained for NeuN, and imaged to verify the silicon prong placement. Signals from all recording sites were simultaneously sampled at 25 kHz. Spike sorting was performed off-line using a semi-automated Matlab script. The da ...
the autonomic nervous system
... Somatic Motor Pathway – Cell bodies are in the CNS and their axons extend from the CNS to skeletal muscle. Autonomic Motor Pathways – Consist of sets of two motor (efferent) neurons in series (one following the other). ...
... Somatic Motor Pathway – Cell bodies are in the CNS and their axons extend from the CNS to skeletal muscle. Autonomic Motor Pathways – Consist of sets of two motor (efferent) neurons in series (one following the other). ...
Bi150 (2005)
... probably occurs by matching to memory templates stored in the brain • A smell is categorized based on one’s previous experiences of it and on the other sensory stimuli correlated with its appearance. ...
... probably occurs by matching to memory templates stored in the brain • A smell is categorized based on one’s previous experiences of it and on the other sensory stimuli correlated with its appearance. ...