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Spatializing the ecological Leviathan: Territorial strategies and the
Spatializing the ecological Leviathan: Territorial strategies and the

I The social life of things - Home | Townsend Working Groups
I The social life of things - Home | Townsend Working Groups

... exchanged. Focusing on the things that are exchanged, rather than simply on the forms or functions of exchange, makes it possible to argue that what creates the link between exchange and value is politics, construed broadly. This argument, which is elaborated in the text of this essay, justifies the ...
The Social Relation of Money as Universal
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... This is an ingenious argument, but cannot truly explain the emergence of money in commodity exchange for two reasons, both related to value as abstract labour. First, and less important, the historical emergence and complex functioning of money do not depend on the existence of capitalist production ...
environmental degradation in the mineiro semiarid: a way for
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... impacts resulting from indiscriminate deforestation. It is important to further stress that there is a close relation between deforestations and the intensification of the erosive processes. In the region studied, the erosion provoked by man seems now to be one of the greatest risks for the conserva ...
AHSAA Homeschool Student Eligibility Exams Social
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... Compare changes in social and economic conditions in the United States during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Examples: social—family values, peer pressure, education opportunities, women in the workplace economic—career opportunities, disposable income, consumption of goods and services D ...
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TRANSNATIONAL MARKETS AND THE POLANYI PROBLEM

... market system, submerge the economy in social relationships, framed by non-economic institutions. In other words, economic activity in production and distribution is established as a by-product of social relationships, which are subject to a non-economic rationale. Production and distribution do not ...
flexible capitalism
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... Krause-­Jensen was my collaborator. As the project gradually took firmer shape, however, Jakob regrettably had to withdraw due to too many other commitments. I want in the first instance to acknowledge Jakob’s considerable share in conceptualizing the project and getting it underway. Daniel Miller a ...
Ecosystem Services - Digital Library Of The Commons
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... negative consequences for human well-being (de Groot 1987). The idea of ‘natural capital’ (NC) emerged here and was developed by a group of environmental economists such as David Pearce and Ed Barbier and ecological economists such as Robert Costanza and Rudolf de Groot. In this version, NC is the s ...
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... shared meanings. This is a common way to conceive of the distinction between people and things in Western society. This view is often contrasted with non-Western societies, where things are supposed to possess a life of their own (cf. Appadurai 1986). In some tribal societies described by Marcel Mau ...
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Kritik Core - Georgia Debate Institute
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Societal Relations to Nature - Institut für sozial
Societal Relations to Nature - Institut für sozial

... classical sociology, but the insight that needs to be added, and the one which scientific sociology has less often pursued, is that “the nature found by human beings is always societally pre-formed. This insight has remained the preserve of dialectical philosophy and its materialistic heirs.” (Ibid. ...
Ch 2 Economizing Problem
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... and use for rural peoples through legislation, enforcement and privatization (Igoe, 2003). As Karl Polanyi (1957:178) clariÞed, “what we call land is an element of nature inextricably interwoven with man’s institutions. To isolate it and form a market out of it was perhaps the weirdest of all undert ...
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ECO 424: Natural Resource and Climate Change Review Sheet
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... Capital in economics: a stock of human-produced artifacts (machines, buildings…) Natural capital: nature-provided inputs; quantity and quality can be affected by human actions; the stock of natural ecosystems that yields a flow of valuable ecosystem goods or services into the future. For example, a ...
george perkins marsh and the transformation of earth
george perkins marsh and the transformation of earth

... nature and history, allowing for the exploration of the simultaneous relationships of humanity with nature and human beings with human beings (Quaini, 1982, p. 14). Opposed to Hegel’s conception, Marx argued that the interchange between nature and society is mediated by the historical dialectic of h ...
DOK 2
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... appropriate parts of the surplus product without contributing to it with their own production. • In an economy in equilibrium commodity producing sectors are therefore unable to realise the full value of their product in the market – this means a violation of the principle of equal exchange • The on ...
Making Sense of Ecosystem Services
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... changing their own practice. Social scientists should create some critical distance (i.e., engage in a reflexive critique) and reconsider their role in reinforcing and reproducing two myths: 1) the sovereignty of forest landowners in forestry practice, policy analysis and discourse, and 2) foresters ...
Beyond dualism ± the social construction of nature and the natural
Beyond dualism ± the social construction of nature and the natural

... as creative intervention in making the truth', and in humanist geography the power of language and metaphor in the creation of reality has been stressed repeatedly (Tuan, 1991; Buttimer, 1993). Demeritt (1994b: 163) proposes that the only way a dialogue can be opened up between cultural geographers ...
chapter overview - Find the cheapest test bank for your text book!
chapter overview - Find the cheapest test bank for your text book!

... 4. Markets coordinate economic activity and changes in prices (products and resources) signal that changes have occurred within particular markets. A simple example of product X and product Y can be used. Assume an increase in the demand for X. This change will lead to an increase in the price of X, ...
chapter overview - Test Bank wizard
chapter overview - Test Bank wizard

... crankshafts, he would have to find grocers, clothing retailers, etc., who would be willing to exchange their products for a crankshaft. It is much more efficient to use money wages than to accept one’s wages in crankshafts! ...
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Commodification of nature

The commodification of nature is an area of research within critical environmental studies concerned with the ways in which natural entities and processes are made exchangeable through the market, and the implications thereof.Drawing upon the work of Karl Marx, Karl Polanyi, James O’Connor and David Harvey, this area of work is normative and critical, based in Marxist geography and political ecology. Theorists use a commodification framing in order to contest the perspectives of ""market environmentalism,"" which sees marketization as a solution to environmental degradation. The environment has been a key site of conflict between proponents of the expansion of market norms, relations and modes of governance and those who oppose such expansion. Critics emphasize the contradictions and undesirable physical and ethical consequences brought about by the commodification of natural resources (as inputs to production and products) and processes (environmental services or conditions).Most researchers who employ a commodification of nature framing invoke a Marxian conceptualization of commodities as ""objects produced for sale on the market"" that embody both use and exchange value. Commodification itself is a process by which goods and services not produced for sale are converted into an exchangeable form. It involves multiple elements, including privatization, alienation, individuation, abstraction, valuation and displacement.As capitalism expands in breadth and depth, more and more things previously external to the system become “internalized,” including entities and processes that are usually considered ""natural."" Nature, as a concept, however, is very difficult to define, with many layers of meaning, including external environments as well as humans themselves. Political ecology and other critical conceptions draw upon strands within Marxist geography that see nature as ""socially produced,"" with no neat boundary separating the ""social"" from the ""natural."" Still, the commodification of entities and processes that are considered natural is viewed as a ""special case"" based on nature’s biophysical materiality, which ""shape[es] and condition[s] trajectories of commodification.""
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