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Pharmacokinetic introduction
Pharmacokinetic introduction

... One, two, and three compartment pharmacokinetic models. Fortunately many of the processes involved in drug movement around the body are not saturated at normal therapeutic dose levels. The pharmacokinetic - mathematical models that can be used to describe plasma concentration as a function of time ...
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Infectious Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 3rd Edition
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... is a thiamine inhibitor that is commonly chosen to treat coccidiosis in dogs, although it is not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for this purpose (see Chapter 81). Overdoses may produce neurologic signs. As mentioned previously, the antifungal drug AMB is effective in treating leishmani ...
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... 6.1 Need of the study: Ideally, a drug should arrive rapidly at the site of action in the optimum concentration, remain for the desired time, be excluded from other sites, and be rapidly removed when the goal is achieved. However, where highly water-soluble drugs are concerned, formulation into a do ...
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... messengers. These receptors show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other because their binding sites have different shape, structure and aminoacid composition. Drugs that bind to the receptor site and inhibit its natural function are called antagonists. Drugs that mimic the natural mes ...
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Orphan drug

An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease.In the US and EU it is easier to gain marketing approval for an orphan drug, and there may be other financial incentives, such as extended exclusivity periods, all intended to encourage the development of drugs which might otherwise lack a sufficient profit motive. The assignment of orphan status to a disease and to any drugs developed to treat it is a matter of public policy in many countries, and has resulted in medical breakthroughs that may not have otherwise been achieved due to the economics of drug research and development.According to Thomson Reuters in their 2012 publication ""The Economic Power of Orphan Drugs"", there has been increased investing in orphan drug Research and Development partly due to the U. S. Orphan Drug Act (ODA) 1983 and similar Acts in other regions of the world and also driven by ""high-profile philanthropic funding."" The period between 2001 to 2011 was the ""most productive period in the history of orphan drug development, in terms of average annual orphan drug designations and orphan drug approvals."" For the same decade the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the orphan drugs was an ""impressive 25.8 percent, compared to only 20.1 percent for a matched control group of non-orphan drugs."" By 2012 the market for orphan drugs was worth USD$637 million compared to the USD$638 million matched control group of non-orphan drugs, Thomson Reuters.By 2012, ""the revenue-generating potential of orphan drugs [was] as great as for non-orphan drugs, even though patient populations for rare diseases are significantly smaller. Moreover, we suggest that orphan drugs have greater profitability when considered in the full context of developmental drivers including government financial incentives, smaller clinical trial sizes, shorter clinical trial times and higher rates of regulatory success.""
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