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unit 6 study guide
... 1. Learning that certain events occur together is called a. shaping. b. latent learning. c. observational learning. d. associative learning. e. conditioned reinforcement. 2. By learning to associate a squirt of water with an electric shock, sea snails demonstrate the process ...
... 1. Learning that certain events occur together is called a. shaping. b. latent learning. c. observational learning. d. associative learning. e. conditioned reinforcement. 2. By learning to associate a squirt of water with an electric shock, sea snails demonstrate the process ...
Psychology - Pearson School
... (e.g., contingencies). 2. Describe basic classical conditioning phenomena, such as acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination, and higher-order learning. 3. Predict the effects of operant conditioning (e.g., positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishmen ...
... (e.g., contingencies). 2. Describe basic classical conditioning phenomena, such as acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery, generalization, discrimination, and higher-order learning. 3. Predict the effects of operant conditioning (e.g., positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, punishmen ...
PDF
... self-stimulate in a fast, constant manner, and rapidly reduced pressing during extinction. We first determined effective parameters of photo-pulse trains in self-stimulation. Leverpress rates changed as a function of the manipulation of pulse number, duration, intensity, and frequency. We then exami ...
... self-stimulate in a fast, constant manner, and rapidly reduced pressing during extinction. We first determined effective parameters of photo-pulse trains in self-stimulation. Leverpress rates changed as a function of the manipulation of pulse number, duration, intensity, and frequency. We then exami ...
Cibarial pump reflex and olfactory learning
... behavior in response to presentation of the conditioned stimulus (CS). This score was based on three indicators: output from the audio output device attached to the amplifier, visualization of the EMG recording during a trial on the oscilloscope, and extension of the tip of the proboscis that protru ...
... behavior in response to presentation of the conditioned stimulus (CS). This score was based on three indicators: output from the audio output device attached to the amplifier, visualization of the EMG recording during a trial on the oscilloscope, and extension of the tip of the proboscis that protru ...
Bridging Behaviorism
... Foundations for Successful Engagement and Change Fred Hanna, Ph.D., Professor of Counselor Education, University of Northern Colorado; author, Therapy with difficult clients: Using the precursors model to awaken change ...
... Foundations for Successful Engagement and Change Fred Hanna, Ph.D., Professor of Counselor Education, University of Northern Colorado; author, Therapy with difficult clients: Using the precursors model to awaken change ...
PDF
... devalued outcome. The test is performed without delivering outcomes (formally, in extinction) to prevent new learning about the value of the outcome during these trials. Outcome devaluation exploits a key distinction between tree search (Fig. 1a) and caching (Fig. 1b). Only tree search enumerates th ...
... devalued outcome. The test is performed without delivering outcomes (formally, in extinction) to prevent new learning about the value of the outcome during these trials. Outcome devaluation exploits a key distinction between tree search (Fig. 1a) and caching (Fig. 1b). Only tree search enumerates th ...
UNIT 6 LEARNING
... has to be under the influence of some drive before it can be conditioned in this way. His rats are hungry when they went into his box and their behaviour led to a desired reward. Skinner argued that animals and humans do behave in the absence of specific stimuli. In fact, most human behaviour is of ...
... has to be under the influence of some drive before it can be conditioned in this way. His rats are hungry when they went into his box and their behaviour led to a desired reward. Skinner argued that animals and humans do behave in the absence of specific stimuli. In fact, most human behaviour is of ...
JERZY KONORSKI`S THEORY OF CONDITIONED
... becomes, according to Pavlov, a "substitute" for the unconditioned stimulus and evokes a response similar to that observed to the unconditioned stimulus presented alone (24). In contrast to that in instrumental canditioning the conditioned r e s p m e differs as a rule from the response evaked by an ...
... becomes, according to Pavlov, a "substitute" for the unconditioned stimulus and evokes a response similar to that observed to the unconditioned stimulus presented alone (24). In contrast to that in instrumental canditioning the conditioned r e s p m e differs as a rule from the response evaked by an ...
Motivation
... Learning Theory: outcomes (pay), is distributed upon performance of functional behaviors. Pay should be based on performance, many firms do this with a Merit Pay Plan. ...
... Learning Theory: outcomes (pay), is distributed upon performance of functional behaviors. Pay should be based on performance, many firms do this with a Merit Pay Plan. ...
Psychological Theories of Crime and Delinquency
... behavioral and social learning theories. They defined differential associationreinforcement theory. These theorists posited that in addition to differential association with deviant peers, differential reinforcement of deviant behaviors is also required to explain criminal behavior. Building on the ...
... behavioral and social learning theories. They defined differential associationreinforcement theory. These theorists posited that in addition to differential association with deviant peers, differential reinforcement of deviant behaviors is also required to explain criminal behavior. Building on the ...
Gluck_OutlinePPT_Ch11
... Social learning theory—an individual’s past reinforcements will determine how that individual will act in any given situation. Explains learning through observation. Imitation reveals such learning. ...
... Social learning theory—an individual’s past reinforcements will determine how that individual will act in any given situation. Explains learning through observation. Imitation reveals such learning. ...
LEARNING AND MEMORY IN HONEYBEES
... (bee blue-green) slowest (Menzel 1967). Hue salience reflects an innate predisposition and can be understood as an innate expectancy of reward probability (Giurfa et al. 1995). Odor salience is also ranked according to biological significance (Koltermann 1973), but even repellent stimuli or the bee' ...
... (bee blue-green) slowest (Menzel 1967). Hue salience reflects an innate predisposition and can be understood as an innate expectancy of reward probability (Giurfa et al. 1995). Odor salience is also ranked according to biological significance (Koltermann 1973), but even repellent stimuli or the bee' ...
- Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies
... for the occasion to perform the (consummatory) fixed action pattern and was open to learning (much as in conditioning, in which behavior can be shaped by a given reinforcement contingency, although Lorenz did not stress the parallel). Thus, behavior was described in terms of sequences of alternating ...
... for the occasion to perform the (consummatory) fixed action pattern and was open to learning (much as in conditioning, in which behavior can be shaped by a given reinforcement contingency, although Lorenz did not stress the parallel). Thus, behavior was described in terms of sequences of alternating ...
The hippocampal–striatal axis in learning, prediction and
... Pavlovian to instrumental transfer: phenomenon in which a pavlovian conditioned stimulus invigorates (if appetitive) or reduces (if aversive) the rate of an appetitively motivated instrumental behavior (e.g. lever pressing) when it is presented non-contingently during instrumental performance. Reinf ...
... Pavlovian to instrumental transfer: phenomenon in which a pavlovian conditioned stimulus invigorates (if appetitive) or reduces (if aversive) the rate of an appetitively motivated instrumental behavior (e.g. lever pressing) when it is presented non-contingently during instrumental performance. Reinf ...
the psychological review
... uplifting, Wealth is uplifting, etc.). Results indicated that the amount of generalization obtained depended upon the following factors (in decreasing order of strength of generalization) : general agreement of statement, agreement of copula, predicate, subject; but reversals of copulas interfered m ...
... uplifting, Wealth is uplifting, etc.). Results indicated that the amount of generalization obtained depended upon the following factors (in decreasing order of strength of generalization) : general agreement of statement, agreement of copula, predicate, subject; but reversals of copulas interfered m ...
PDF
... representation of states and transition functions that form the basis of flexible and adaptive ‘model-based’ behavioral control. By impairing this function, cocaine exposure leads to an overemphasis on less flexible, maladaptive ‘model-free’ control systems. We propose that such an effect accounts f ...
... representation of states and transition functions that form the basis of flexible and adaptive ‘model-based’ behavioral control. By impairing this function, cocaine exposure leads to an overemphasis on less flexible, maladaptive ‘model-free’ control systems. We propose that such an effect accounts f ...
WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY?
... __________________ system because this body system consists of glands that secrete substances called ____________________, which help to stimulate body ...
... __________________ system because this body system consists of glands that secrete substances called ____________________, which help to stimulate body ...
Instinct Versus Environment
... that Pinker (1994) asserts is instinctive in humans. In addition to language, another example of an instinctively-based behavior is sucking behavior by babies. Babies engage in sucking behavior that generally emerges unprompted, although some babies have problems with sucking. So sucking is an innat ...
... that Pinker (1994) asserts is instinctive in humans. In addition to language, another example of an instinctively-based behavior is sucking behavior by babies. Babies engage in sucking behavior that generally emerges unprompted, although some babies have problems with sucking. So sucking is an innat ...
PAVLOVIAN CONDITIONING - Department of Psychology
... Pavlovian conditioning is one of the oldest and most extensively studied learning paradigms. The paradigm basically involves two stimuli. The unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits vigorous responding without any special prior training, or unconditionally. Because of that, the US originally was labeled ...
... Pavlovian conditioning is one of the oldest and most extensively studied learning paradigms. The paradigm basically involves two stimuli. The unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits vigorous responding without any special prior training, or unconditionally. Because of that, the US originally was labeled ...
Chapter 6 Learning
... activity in the UCS center automatically causes activation of the UCR center. At this time activity of the CS center does not affect the UCS center. (b) After sufficient pairings of the CS and UCS, their simultaneous activity causes the growth of a connection between the CS and UCS centers. Afterwar ...
... activity in the UCS center automatically causes activation of the UCR center. At this time activity of the CS center does not affect the UCS center. (b) After sufficient pairings of the CS and UCS, their simultaneous activity causes the growth of a connection between the CS and UCS centers. Afterwar ...
PAV LOVIAN CONDITIONING AFunctional Perspe ctive
... Pavlovian conditioning is one of the oldest and most extensively studied learning paradigms. The paradigm basically involves two stimuli. The unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits vigorous responding without any special prior training, or unconditionally. Because of that, the US originally was labeled ...
... Pavlovian conditioning is one of the oldest and most extensively studied learning paradigms. The paradigm basically involves two stimuli. The unconditioned stimulus (US) elicits vigorous responding without any special prior training, or unconditionally. Because of that, the US originally was labeled ...
Rewardguided learning beyond dopamine in the nucleus
... know that, despite a superficial resemblance, Pavlovian CRs and goaldirected instrumental actions differ in the representational structure controlling performance of the response (Schwartz & Gamzu, 1977). The most direct means of establishing whether the performance of a response is mediated by a sti ...
... know that, despite a superficial resemblance, Pavlovian CRs and goaldirected instrumental actions differ in the representational structure controlling performance of the response (Schwartz & Gamzu, 1977). The most direct means of establishing whether the performance of a response is mediated by a sti ...
FIGURE 1 here - Prime Theory Of Motivation
... Self-awareness is a prerequisite for self-control. According to the p.r.i.m.e. theory, selfcontrol consists of the operation of evaluations and motives that stem from self-awareness. In order to exercise self-control to stop myself doing something, I must be aware of myself and my desires must incl ...
... Self-awareness is a prerequisite for self-control. According to the p.r.i.m.e. theory, selfcontrol consists of the operation of evaluations and motives that stem from self-awareness. In order to exercise self-control to stop myself doing something, I must be aware of myself and my desires must incl ...
Ap exam vocabulary
... 56. The major purpose of a dendrite is to receive incoming signals from other neurons. 57. The early drugs used to treat depression were known as "tricyclic" antidepressants. They worked but often had serious side effects and could be quite toxic if mixed with other substances. We don’t use them muc ...
... 56. The major purpose of a dendrite is to receive incoming signals from other neurons. 57. The early drugs used to treat depression were known as "tricyclic" antidepressants. They worked but often had serious side effects and could be quite toxic if mixed with other substances. We don’t use them muc ...
Operant conditioning
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Operant_conditioning_diagram.png?width=300)
Operant conditioning (also, “instrumental conditioning”) is a learning process in which behavior is sensitive to, or controlled by its consequences. For example, a child may learn to open a box to get the candy inside, or learn to avoid touching a hot stove. In contrast, classical conditioning causes a stimulus to signal a positive or negative consequence; the resulting behavior does not produce the consequence. For example, the sight of a colorful wrapper comes to signal ""candy"", causing a child to salivate, or the sound of a door slam comes to signal an angry parent, causing a child to tremble. The study of animal learning in the 20th century was dominated by the analysis of these two sorts of learning, and they are still at the core of behavior analysis.