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Chapter 36 . Optical Properties of Semiconductors
Chapter 36 . Optical Properties of Semiconductors

... self-consistent Hartree potential of the other valence electrons. The phenomena usually studied to obtain information on the optical properties of semiconductors are (1) absorption, (2) reflection, (3) photoconductivity, (4) emission, and (5) light scattering. Most of the early information on the op ...
Theoretical criteria for scattering dark states in nanostructured particles Chia Wei Hsu,
Theoretical criteria for scattering dark states in nanostructured particles Chia Wei Hsu,

... A collection of these nanospheres with subwavelength spacing can act as an effective medium. In general, the scattering properties of such closely spaced nanospheres are substantially different from that of an individual nanosphere in free space. However, when an individual particle is transparent, ...
SOIL PENETROMETER WITH RAMAN SAMPLING
SOIL PENETROMETER WITH RAMAN SAMPLING

... at 1/10 seconds of integration time ......................................................................... 69 4.14 Noise generated in a cooled camera (right) and the uncooled camera (left) for one, fifteen, and thirty seconds of exposure time...................................... 70 5.1 Fluoresce ...
Synthesis, crystal structure and vibrational spectra
Synthesis, crystal structure and vibrational spectra

... and the luminescent properties of the silver ion in the condensed phosphates Na1−xAgx M(PO3)3 (M=Mg, Zn, Ba) [1] and [2] and in the diphosphates Na2−x AgxZnP2O7 [3] and [4] where the two luminescent centres (single Ag+ and Ag+–Ag+ pairs) have been correlated with the symmetry of the silver sites and ...
Brillouin scattering at high pressure: an overview
Brillouin scattering at high pressure: an overview

... only possible to use the backscattering geometry (only one experiment has been performed in the platelet geometry with this type of cell).8 Unfortunately in the backscattering geometry, the selection rules favor the longitudinal mode, so most of the experiments performed in this geometry only give i ...
Structural and optical properties of visible active
Structural and optical properties of visible active

... pressure. Apart from high surface area, which is beneficial in many environmental applications, nano-WO3 exhibits structures and morphologies with unique properties that do not exist in bulk. The small size of grains in a material can substantially influence charge transport, electronic band structure ...
Ultrafast Internal Conversion of Aromatic Molecules Studied
Ultrafast Internal Conversion of Aromatic Molecules Studied

... transitions occur between different potential energy surfaces in the vicinities of these critical configurations. Non-adiabatic transitions are ubiquitous in the excited state dynamics of polyatomic molecules, because polyatomic molecules have a large number of excited electronic states within a nar ...
- ANU Repository
- ANU Repository

... approaches on the scattering shaping rely on the engineering of electric responses of nanostructures, due to the fact that most materials have only dominant electric responses [1, 2, 7, 8]. It is known that the presence of magnetic resonances in scattering systems brings extra freedom for the scatte ...
OpticalDiagnostics-ScatteringDiagnostics
OpticalDiagnostics-ScatteringDiagnostics

...  Collect as much light as possible – A large window is needed that can see the laser line – This window can’t get dirty, or if it does we must be able to clean it. – The other optics need to be aligned and stable (also during disruptions etc.) Thomson Scattering Tutorial for EFTS/EODI, 12th June 20 ...
Multiply scattered waves through a spatially random medium
Multiply scattered waves through a spatially random medium

... number scattering From these results, events. as a main conclusions be drawn. The first is that the entropy production per scatteRng due to two can the irreversible of depolarization is an exponentially decreasing function of the number of process scattering second result obtained is that full depol ...
Non-linear Optical Microscopy and Spectroscopy for
Non-linear Optical Microscopy and Spectroscopy for

... Why use non-linear optics for biomedical studies? The answer is not ”because we can”, but because non-linear optics enables stretching of the resolution limit in highscattering materials, and gives a chance to investigate inherent processes without destroying the sample. The first theoretical report ...
Introduction
Introduction

... In the case of the anharmonic oscillator, the vibrational transitions no longer only obey the selection rule v = 1. This type of vibrational transition is called fundamental vibration. Vibrational transitions with v = 1, 2, 3, ... are also possible, and are termed overtones. Potential energy c ...
Enpolarization and depolarization of light
Enpolarization and depolarization of light

... with Σxx and Σyy the co-polarized coefficients and Σxy and Σyx the cross-polarized coefficients. In this paper, we rely on a simple and versatile heuristics to modelize the scattering matrix: the random phasors sum [26]. It was recently shown that this phenomenological model is relevant for strongly ...
Two electric field Monte Carlo models of coherent backscattering of
Two electric field Monte Carlo models of coherent backscattering of

... according to Eqs. (3) and (4) until it is either fully absorbed or leaves the scattering medium. At this point, any relevant quantities (e.g., the spatial distribution of light exiting the medium) can be recorded. A new photon packet is then initiated, and one follows the same process described abov ...
Polarization and angle dependence for hyper-Rayleigh scattering from local
Polarization and angle dependence for hyper-Rayleigh scattering from local

... light-collection angular aperture. The results of this calculation are shown in Table 2 for two common scattering angles. Most HRS experiments are done with ␪ ⫽ 90°, but recent experiments have also used ␪ ⫽ 45° to obtain additional information.7,12 The results given in Table 2 are the factors by wh ...
Two-color cross-correlation in small-angle static light
Two-color cross-correlation in small-angle static light

... be expressed in a more usual way, as a function of the spatial polar coordinates ~in the sensor plane! r 1 , r 2 , D f : g I 5 g I (r 1 ,r 2 ,D f ). Although, as already pointed out, the statistical properties of the speckle fields are invariant under rotation about the optical axis, they are not in ...
Modulating the electronic structures of graphene by controllable
Modulating the electronic structures of graphene by controllable

... high H coverage, two new electron states located at BE of 1.8 and 3.4 eV appear after complete depression of 2p ␲ state, associated with obvious changes in electron states located at high BE. The origin of these two electron states should be the sp2 C clusters encircled by sp3 C matrix at high H cov ...
Investigation of the presence of rod-shaped bacteria on food surface
Investigation of the presence of rod-shaped bacteria on food surface

... indeed reproducible and differentiable without applying any specific labels [13-18]. Inelastic light scattering such as Raman or SERS (surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy) is another method of interrogating microorganisms. Fluorescence is the most widely-used inelastic light scattering method in flo ...
Raman microscopy in an electron microscope: combining chemical
Raman microscopy in an electron microscope: combining chemical

... intercept a high fraction of the emitted signal. This leads to typically worse resolution than for SE imaging. Contrast arises from spatial variations in those properties that affect the intensity of the signal, so in each mode information is obtainable concerning a group of properties. These differ ...
Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Signals Viewed from the Molecule`s
Ultrafast Nonlinear Optical Signals Viewed from the Molecule`s

... at the end of the process. Only the former, which are most interesting for spectroscopic applications, can be generally recast in a generalized Kramers-Heisenberg form, whereas the latter merely provide an offresonant background. Intuitive closed-time-path-loop (CTPL) diagrams will be introduced and ...
Rayleigh scattering. Scattering and absorption by aerosols and
Rayleigh scattering. Scattering and absorption by aerosols and

... In contrast to atmospheric aerosols, the cloud droplets consist of a single species – water. Thus, to calculate the absorption and scattering cross sections of cloud droplets, one needs to know the size of droplets and the refractive index of water versus wavelength. ...
Ultrafast electronic dynamics in polyatomic molecules studied using
Ultrafast electronic dynamics in polyatomic molecules studied using

... electrons usually play only minor roles; however, they exhibit characteristic chemical shifts of the electron binding energies, depending on oxidation states and chemical bonding of individual atoms. X-ray radiation is indispensable for observing these inner-shell electrons. Thus, ultrashort pulses ...
Get PDF - OSA Publishing
Get PDF - OSA Publishing

... Excitation of atomic resonances exhibits a simple way to enhance conversion efficiencies. The basic idea is straightforward: The driving laser is tuned to an atomic resonance (usually a multi-photon resonance, e.g. with n photons from the driving laser involved). The resonance enhances the nonlinea ...
Introduction to Isotope Effect
Introduction to Isotope Effect

... where B/c2 is the actual nuclear mass. As we can see, the binding energy of the atoms of most elements have values ranging from about 7.5 to 8.8 MeV [11]. The binding energy per nucleon rises slightly with increasing mass number and reaches a maximum value for 62 Ni. Thereafter the binding energies ...
Soliton collision and Raman gain regimes in continuous
Soliton collision and Raman gain regimes in continuous

... The interaction between the high intensity light and the nonlinear medium initiates several mechanisms, which broaden the spectrum of the light into a so-called supercontinuum (SC) as it propagates through the medium. Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) are often used as the nonlinear medium, not only be ...
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Resonance Raman spectroscopy

Resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy is a name given to Raman spectroscopy when the incident laser frequency is close in energy to an electronic transition of a compound or crystal under examination. The frequency coincidence (or resonance) can lead to greatly enhanced intensity of the Raman scattering, which facilitates the study of compounds present at low concentrations.Raman scattering is usually extremely weak, of the order of 1 in 10 million photons that hit a sample are scattered with the loss (Stokes) or gain (anti-Stokes) of energy because of changes in vibrational energy of the molecules in the sample. Resonance enhancement of Raman scattering requires that the wavelength of the laser used is close to that of an electronic transition. In larger molecules the change in electron density can be largely confined to one part of the molecule, a chromophore, then the Raman bands that are enhanced are primarily from those parts of the molecule in which the electronic transition leads to a change in bond length in the excited state of the chromophore. For large molecules such as proteins, this selectivity helps to identify the observed bands as originating from vibrational modes of specific parts of the molecule or protein, such as the heme unit within myoglobin.
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