International Electrical Engineering Journal (IEEJ) Vol. 7 (2016) No.3, pp. 2196-2203
... Switching surges are considered as the most severe type of overvoltage originated on the EHV and UHV transmission lines. They are known to have front durations of a few hundred microseconds, through which transmission lines insulation usually shows a minimum strength [1, 2]. Furthermore, switching s ...
... Switching surges are considered as the most severe type of overvoltage originated on the EHV and UHV transmission lines. They are known to have front durations of a few hundred microseconds, through which transmission lines insulation usually shows a minimum strength [1, 2]. Furthermore, switching s ...
Document
... actual geometry accurately; highest precision Shortage: capacity, running time Current status: widely investigated as research topic; used as library-building tool in industry, or for some special structures deserving high accuracy ...
... actual geometry accurately; highest precision Shortage: capacity, running time Current status: widely investigated as research topic; used as library-building tool in industry, or for some special structures deserving high accuracy ...
High Voltage Engineering
... contribution was Faraday’s Law, which states that, when a piece of copper wire moves past a magnetic pole, the electrons in the wire tend to move. The amazing fact is that this principle is still responsible for the generation of the bulk of the electric power being generated today. In power station ...
... contribution was Faraday’s Law, which states that, when a piece of copper wire moves past a magnetic pole, the electrons in the wire tend to move. The amazing fact is that this principle is still responsible for the generation of the bulk of the electric power being generated today. In power station ...
What is a Riser Pole Arrester ArresterFacts 015
... arresters on the riser pole. In a sense, these are also riser pole arresters. In the IEC market, it is quite common to use a class 2 arrester at terminal poles. ...
... arresters on the riser pole. In a sense, these are also riser pole arresters. In the IEC market, it is quite common to use a class 2 arrester at terminal poles. ...
Earth Grounding Pamphlet - Defense Technical Information Center
... It's important to consider the following when choosing and installing the earth grounding wire: 1) The Earth Grounding Conductor must be as large as possible: at least 6 AWG. This gives it the mechanical strength necessary to withstand the severe mechanical forces subjected during lightning strikes, ...
... It's important to consider the following when choosing and installing the earth grounding wire: 1) The Earth Grounding Conductor must be as large as possible: at least 6 AWG. This gives it the mechanical strength necessary to withstand the severe mechanical forces subjected during lightning strikes, ...
Detection of back-fed ground fault using smart grid distribution
... The safety issue in an electrical power distribution system is of critical importance. In some circumstances, even the continuity of service has to be compromised for a situation that can cause a hazard to the public. A downed conductor that creates an electrical path between a current carrying cond ...
... The safety issue in an electrical power distribution system is of critical importance. In some circumstances, even the continuity of service has to be compromised for a situation that can cause a hazard to the public. A downed conductor that creates an electrical path between a current carrying cond ...
Electrical Safety - St. Olaf College
... Temporary electrical power and lighting installations 600 volts or less, including flexible cords, cables and extension cords, may only be used during and for renovation, maintenance, repair or experimental work. Temporary wiring may also be used for decorative lighting for special events and simila ...
... Temporary electrical power and lighting installations 600 volts or less, including flexible cords, cables and extension cords, may only be used during and for renovation, maintenance, repair or experimental work. Temporary wiring may also be used for decorative lighting for special events and simila ...
Stage Lighting Technician Handbook
... Jumper, a cable that has one male and female at each end. Multi-cable, a cable that combines typically 6 load carrying cables, that has one hot, one neutral and at least three grounds into a single cable that has a multi-pin male and female on each end. Breakout or fan-out, an adaptor that uses a gr ...
... Jumper, a cable that has one male and female at each end. Multi-cable, a cable that combines typically 6 load carrying cables, that has one hot, one neutral and at least three grounds into a single cable that has a multi-pin male and female on each end. Breakout or fan-out, an adaptor that uses a gr ...
Chapter 8 - Level 3 NVQ Technical Certificate Electrical Installations
... also be able to recognise faults and take action to help prevent them. As such, using the correct means to test and inspect material is vital. Not all faults will be easily visible. Some will be concealed and only take effect over a long period of time. Regular inspection, tests and maintenance will ...
... also be able to recognise faults and take action to help prevent them. As such, using the correct means to test and inspect material is vital. Not all faults will be easily visible. Some will be concealed and only take effect over a long period of time. Regular inspection, tests and maintenance will ...
What is Lightning - Academica-e
... management, physical damage and life hazards, and protection against electrical and electronic systems within structures. They lay down requirements for the design and installation of LPS for structures and buildings, the protection against lightning of services entering the buildings and the protec ...
... management, physical damage and life hazards, and protection against electrical and electronic systems within structures. They lay down requirements for the design and installation of LPS for structures and buildings, the protection against lightning of services entering the buildings and the protec ...
differential_inductance_IFCC_14june2016_VM (2)
... rate cannot be used to describe the current decay. An electromagnetic model shows that the IFCC affects the magnet differential inductance. The model can be implemented in a simple analytical way in a quench software. The model can describe very well current decays, and it has been experimenta ...
... rate cannot be used to describe the current decay. An electromagnetic model shows that the IFCC affects the magnet differential inductance. The model can be implemented in a simple analytical way in a quench software. The model can describe very well current decays, and it has been experimenta ...
The Manitoba Electrical Code - 12th Edition
... Section 0 is amended (a) by replacing the definition "Approved" and "Inspection department" with the following: Approved (as applied to electrical equipment) (1) equipment that has been certified by a certification organization accredited by the Standards Council of Canada in accordance with the req ...
... Section 0 is amended (a) by replacing the definition "Approved" and "Inspection department" with the following: Approved (as applied to electrical equipment) (1) equipment that has been certified by a certification organization accredited by the Standards Council of Canada in accordance with the req ...
IEEE-PSRC_Report_D8_.. - pes-psrc
... sending and receiving ends, voltage drop takes precedence within the first 200 miles of line and angle across the whole system takes precedence above the 200 mile limit. Typically, a transmission line can be loaded to about 45o maximum across the line and the Thévenin equivalent source impedances at ...
... sending and receiving ends, voltage drop takes precedence within the first 200 miles of line and angle across the whole system takes precedence above the 200 mile limit. Typically, a transmission line can be loaded to about 45o maximum across the line and the Thévenin equivalent source impedances at ...
Position Paper: Transmission / Distribution Asset Demarcation
... based as far as possible on a simple voltage definition. Attempts in other countries to use functional distinction (i.e. to define assets to be either transmission or distribution according to their function) have been fraught with difficulties – not least because the function of pieces of the netwo ...
... based as far as possible on a simple voltage definition. Attempts in other countries to use functional distinction (i.e. to define assets to be either transmission or distribution according to their function) have been fraught with difficulties – not least because the function of pieces of the netwo ...
System Operations Training Manual
... Section 3-2: Transmission System ................................................................................................... 54 Section 3-3: Transmission Substation .............................................................................................. 55 Section 3-4: Subtransmission ...
... Section 3-2: Transmission System ................................................................................................... 54 Section 3-3: Transmission Substation .............................................................................................. 55 Section 3-4: Subtransmission ...
CH 3 Circuits
... 18. A service is the conductors and equipment for delivering energy from the serving utility to the wiring system of the premises served. Only a utility supply creates a service; if the local supply system is from some on-site power production facility, then the NEC defines the supply as a “separate ...
... 18. A service is the conductors and equipment for delivering energy from the serving utility to the wiring system of the premises served. Only a utility supply creates a service; if the local supply system is from some on-site power production facility, then the NEC defines the supply as a “separate ...
Cálculo de Puesta a Tierra
... Not all of the earth fault current will flow back through remote earth. A portion of the earth fault current may have local return paths (e.g. local generation) or there could be alternative return paths other than remote earth (e.g. overhead earth return cables, buried pipes and cables, etc). There ...
... Not all of the earth fault current will flow back through remote earth. A portion of the earth fault current may have local return paths (e.g. local generation) or there could be alternative return paths other than remote earth (e.g. overhead earth return cables, buried pipes and cables, etc). There ...
The Lineman`s and Cableman`s Field Manual
... The Lineman’s and Cableman’s Field Manual is written to accompany The Lineman’s and Cableman’s Handbook. The Field Manual contains many of the same pertinent tables, charts, formulas, and safety rules that are found in the Handbook. The goal of the Field Manual is to provide the information that is ...
... The Lineman’s and Cableman’s Field Manual is written to accompany The Lineman’s and Cableman’s Handbook. The Field Manual contains many of the same pertinent tables, charts, formulas, and safety rules that are found in the Handbook. The goal of the Field Manual is to provide the information that is ...
1 Purpose - OATi Oasis
... The transmission user shall provide telecommunications facilities sufficient to meet OUC’s telephone, radio, system protection, remote meter reading, EMS and SCADA requirements. OUC will specify the type, speed and characteristics of the communication channel equipment so that compatibility with exi ...
... The transmission user shall provide telecommunications facilities sufficient to meet OUC’s telephone, radio, system protection, remote meter reading, EMS and SCADA requirements. OUC will specify the type, speed and characteristics of the communication channel equipment so that compatibility with exi ...
Stakeholder Comparison Comment Rationale Matrix 2011-09-28 AESO AUTHORITATIVE DOCUMENT PROCESS
... R1.3. Set transmission line relays so they do not operate at or below 115% of the maximum theoretical power transfer capability, using a 90-degree angle between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and either reactance or complex impedance, of the circuit expressed in amperes, using one of the ...
... R1.3. Set transmission line relays so they do not operate at or below 115% of the maximum theoretical power transfer capability, using a 90-degree angle between the sending-end and receiving-end voltages and either reactance or complex impedance, of the circuit expressed in amperes, using one of the ...
lightning safety guideline: results of an 8 year
... spaces, have been observed to fracture massive objects (i.e. concrete and rocks). Voltage transfers from an intended lightning conductor into electrical circuits can occur due to capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, and/or resistance (i.e. insulation breakdown) coupling. Transfer impedance, due ...
... spaces, have been observed to fracture massive objects (i.e. concrete and rocks). Voltage transfers from an intended lightning conductor into electrical circuits can occur due to capacitive coupling, inductive coupling, and/or resistance (i.e. insulation breakdown) coupling. Transfer impedance, due ...
Transmission System Studies Guide
... for conditions to be represented in each base case and each WECC member submits data appropriate for those conditions. The intent of each base case is to stress some portion of the western interconnection for certain typical conditions in a current or future year. An example of such a base case woul ...
... for conditions to be represented in each base case and each WECC member submits data appropriate for those conditions. The intent of each base case is to stress some portion of the western interconnection for certain typical conditions in a current or future year. An example of such a base case woul ...
Guide to Low Voltage Busbar Trunking Systems Verified to
... conductor. This applies to the whole of the busbar system including affected tap-off units and associated protective devices with a neutral pole. Busbar trunking manufacturers may provide “oversized” devices in order to accommodate the high neutral current, or use parallel connected devices to meet ...
... conductor. This applies to the whole of the busbar system including affected tap-off units and associated protective devices with a neutral pole. Busbar trunking manufacturers may provide “oversized” devices in order to accommodate the high neutral current, or use parallel connected devices to meet ...
sleuth - I-Gard
... I-Gard Sleuth is energized by turning the rotary “POWER” switch to the ON position. The “POWER” switch is located on the panel door. Upon energizing the control panel the “SYSTEM NORMAL” green light turns on signifying that no ground faults are on the system and the I-Gard Sleuth is receiving contro ...
... I-Gard Sleuth is energized by turning the rotary “POWER” switch to the ON position. The “POWER” switch is located on the panel door. Upon energizing the control panel the “SYSTEM NORMAL” green light turns on signifying that no ground faults are on the system and the I-Gard Sleuth is receiving contro ...
Wire and Cable Catalog-Section 16
... There are three materials commonly used for coating a copper conductor. These are tin, silver and nickel. Tin is the most common and is used for improved corrosion resistance and solderability. Silver plated conductors are used in high-temperature environments (150°C–200°C). It is also used for high ...
... There are three materials commonly used for coating a copper conductor. These are tin, silver and nickel. Tin is the most common and is used for improved corrosion resistance and solderability. Silver plated conductors are used in high-temperature environments (150°C–200°C). It is also used for high ...
Overhead power line
An overhead power line is a structure used in electric power transmission and distribution to transmit electrical energy along large distances. It consists of one or more conductors (commonly multiples of three) suspended by towers or poles. Since most of the insulation is provided by air, overhead power lines are generally the lowest-cost method of power transmission for large quantities of electric energy.Towers for support of the lines are made of wood (as-grown or laminated), steel (either lattice structures or tubular poles), concrete, aluminum, and occasionally reinforced plastics. The bare wire conductors on the line are generally made of aluminum (either plain or reinforced with steel, or composite materials such as carbon and glass fiber), though some copper wires are used in medium-voltage distribution and low-voltage connections to customer premises. A major goal of overhead power line design is to maintain adequate clearance between energized conductors and the ground so as to prevent dangerous contact with the line, and to provide reliable support for the conductors, resilient to storms, ice load, earthquakes and other potential causes of damage.Today overhead lines are routinely operated at voltages exceeding 765,000 volts between conductors, with even higher voltages possible in some cases.