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... of a single risk-averse country – given the mitigation efforts of all other countries. We show how the contribution to the global public good varies with the wealth of a country and its exposure to climate change. And – most importantly – we show that risk considerations make the crowding-out effect ...
... of a single risk-averse country – given the mitigation efforts of all other countries. We show how the contribution to the global public good varies with the wealth of a country and its exposure to climate change. And – most importantly – we show that risk considerations make the crowding-out effect ...
Rocky Mountain Forests at Risk - Union of Concerned Scientists
... spring snowpacks, earlier snowmelt, and earlier peak streamflows. A growing number of studies conclude that these changes in western temperature and hydrology are outside the range of natural variability—driven largely by climate change. An exceptionally hot and dry period occurred from 1999 to 2003 ...
... spring snowpacks, earlier snowmelt, and earlier peak streamflows. A growing number of studies conclude that these changes in western temperature and hydrology are outside the range of natural variability—driven largely by climate change. An exceptionally hot and dry period occurred from 1999 to 2003 ...
English
... as well as the other positive and negative side effects of specific techniques. Consequences for biodiversity are therefore mostly discussed in terms of climatic effectiveness, land-use change or other indirect impacts; e.g. fertilizer application or water extraction. It is important to note that bo ...
... as well as the other positive and negative side effects of specific techniques. Consequences for biodiversity are therefore mostly discussed in terms of climatic effectiveness, land-use change or other indirect impacts; e.g. fertilizer application or water extraction. It is important to note that bo ...
Danish strategy for adaptation to a changing climate
... subject to reorganisatino and 2) in which areas this will be possible. Such gradual adaptation of water extraction should start no earlier than after 2009, when the first generation of water plans under the Water Framework Directive must be drawn up. Energy supply: Energy plants have an investment h ...
... subject to reorganisatino and 2) in which areas this will be possible. Such gradual adaptation of water extraction should start no earlier than after 2009, when the first generation of water plans under the Water Framework Directive must be drawn up. Energy supply: Energy plants have an investment h ...
The impact of climate change on disease constraints on production
... and the accumulated thermal time in °C-days. The increase in the severity of these cankers in the period until harvest is predicted from the date of onset of cankers using the subsequent accumulated thermal time which affects the colonisation of stem tissues by the pathogen. Disease severity values ...
... and the accumulated thermal time in °C-days. The increase in the severity of these cankers in the period until harvest is predicted from the date of onset of cankers using the subsequent accumulated thermal time which affects the colonisation of stem tissues by the pathogen. Disease severity values ...
Living within a Carbon Budget
... 2.3.1 The need for an inclusive inventory ...............................................................................17 Table 2.1: 2004 energy-related carbon emissions .....................................................18 2.3.2 What emissions reductions are necessary & over what time frame ? . ...
... 2.3.1 The need for an inclusive inventory ...............................................................................17 Table 2.1: 2004 energy-related carbon emissions .....................................................18 2.3.2 What emissions reductions are necessary & over what time frame ? . ...
Carbon emissions due to deforestation for the steel industry LETTERS
... Steel produced using coal generates 7% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions annually1 . Opportunities exist to substitute this coal with carbon-neutral charcoal sourced from plantation forests to mitigate project-scale emissions2 and obtain certified emission reduction credits under the Kyoto Proto ...
... Steel produced using coal generates 7% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions annually1 . Opportunities exist to substitute this coal with carbon-neutral charcoal sourced from plantation forests to mitigate project-scale emissions2 and obtain certified emission reduction credits under the Kyoto Proto ...
North America
... Although recent climate trends have increased vegetation growth, continuing increases in disturbances are likely to limit carbon storage, facilitate invasive species, and disrupt ecosystem services. Warmer summer temperatures are expected to extend the annual window of high fire ignition risk by 10- ...
... Although recent climate trends have increased vegetation growth, continuing increases in disturbances are likely to limit carbon storage, facilitate invasive species, and disrupt ecosystem services. Warmer summer temperatures are expected to extend the annual window of high fire ignition risk by 10- ...
Integrating Climate Change into Strategic Environmental Assessment in Ireland A Guidance Note
... triggered substantial and long-lived change, bringing about atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations that are “unprecedented in at least the last 800,000 years”. Climate policy must move to limit carbon emissions as a matter of urgency if the globally agreed target of limiting warming to a relative ...
... triggered substantial and long-lived change, bringing about atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations that are “unprecedented in at least the last 800,000 years”. Climate policy must move to limit carbon emissions as a matter of urgency if the globally agreed target of limiting warming to a relative ...
Forced Sahel rainfall trends in the CMIP5 archive.
... Figure 4. Annual cycle of Sahel rainfall trends. Historical (1900:2005, top) and RCP8.5 (2006:2099, bottom) trends in Sahel rainfall in single ensemble members for all calendar months. Units are in percentage of the long-term mean annual total rainfall. For reference, the historical trends are repea ...
... Figure 4. Annual cycle of Sahel rainfall trends. Historical (1900:2005, top) and RCP8.5 (2006:2099, bottom) trends in Sahel rainfall in single ensemble members for all calendar months. Units are in percentage of the long-term mean annual total rainfall. For reference, the historical trends are repea ...
Prospects for Reducing Carbon Intensity in China
... The first problem with the old model is the imbalance between economic growth and environmental resource sustainability. The traditional high investment, high consumption, and high emission growth model resulted in large consumption of resources and has grown rapidly, with average annual growth at a ...
... The first problem with the old model is the imbalance between economic growth and environmental resource sustainability. The traditional high investment, high consumption, and high emission growth model resulted in large consumption of resources and has grown rapidly, with average annual growth at a ...
NRDC: Clean Power – The Case for Carbon Pollution Limits
... climate change before it’s too late to avoid the worst impacts. The plan also is critical to spurring an international agreement to slow the impacts of climate change at this December’s U.N. climate change conference in Paris. While there are limits on emissions of arsenic, mercury, and other danger ...
... climate change before it’s too late to avoid the worst impacts. The plan also is critical to spurring an international agreement to slow the impacts of climate change at this December’s U.N. climate change conference in Paris. While there are limits on emissions of arsenic, mercury, and other danger ...
HCFC Phase out
... developed countries. However, the use of air conditioners by urban residents has increased from 8 per cent in 1995 to 70 per cent in 2004 and use of refrigerators has increased from 66 per cent to 90 per cent over the same period. As this growth is expected to continue, the consequences for the clim ...
... developed countries. However, the use of air conditioners by urban residents has increased from 8 per cent in 1995 to 70 per cent in 2004 and use of refrigerators has increased from 66 per cent to 90 per cent over the same period. As this growth is expected to continue, the consequences for the clim ...
Climate Extremes Communications Guidebook
... costs. However, variables other than climate change also affect those impacts, making it much more difficult to precisely quantify the degree to which impacts result from climate change per se, as opposed to natural climate variability or changes in exposure and vulnerability. Nevertheless, the obse ...
... costs. However, variables other than climate change also affect those impacts, making it much more difficult to precisely quantify the degree to which impacts result from climate change per se, as opposed to natural climate variability or changes in exposure and vulnerability. Nevertheless, the obse ...
Download the full paper
... climate change adaptation,2 such as New York City’s $20 billion plan announced in 2013 in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.3 While a growing academic literature has studied the role of adaptation in climate policy,4 these studies have often abstracted from the …scal implications of adaptation. In p ...
... climate change adaptation,2 such as New York City’s $20 billion plan announced in 2013 in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy.3 While a growing academic literature has studied the role of adaptation in climate policy,4 these studies have often abstracted from the …scal implications of adaptation. In p ...
Background paper
... feature, never to revert to the original [environmentally friendly] land use. Though cities occupy a small area globally (roughly 1%), cities alone account for 97% of carbon dioxide emissions globally suggesting that GHG emissions are basically an urban problem. Cities generate and consume huge amou ...
... feature, never to revert to the original [environmentally friendly] land use. Though cities occupy a small area globally (roughly 1%), cities alone account for 97% of carbon dioxide emissions globally suggesting that GHG emissions are basically an urban problem. Cities generate and consume huge amou ...
Chapter 1 Introduction - Wageningen UR E
... This study aims to develop, in a logic deductive way, an approach to forecast the probability of future outcomes of political processes. In order to do this, two sub research questions are formed: What determines probability of a policy and how to measure this probability in practice? These question ...
... This study aims to develop, in a logic deductive way, an approach to forecast the probability of future outcomes of political processes. In order to do this, two sub research questions are formed: What determines probability of a policy and how to measure this probability in practice? These question ...
In Defense of the Clean Power Plan: Why Greenhouse Gas
... In 1896 Swedish physicist Svante Arrhenius discovered carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning charcoal increased ambient temperature, linking fossil fuel burning to a warmer planet.5 This observation did not concern Arrhenius, who believed a warmer climate would benefit mankind.6 Arrhenius was f ...
... In 1896 Swedish physicist Svante Arrhenius discovered carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from burning charcoal increased ambient temperature, linking fossil fuel burning to a warmer planet.5 This observation did not concern Arrhenius, who believed a warmer climate would benefit mankind.6 Arrhenius was f ...
Building on the Montreal Protocol`s Success and Facing
... Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper energized the global climate debate on 10 August when they pledged to “Work together under the Montreal Protocol to phase down the use of HFCs and bring about significant reductions of this potent greenhouse gas.” This is exciting because the Montreal Protocol ...
... Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper energized the global climate debate on 10 August when they pledged to “Work together under the Montreal Protocol to phase down the use of HFCs and bring about significant reductions of this potent greenhouse gas.” This is exciting because the Montreal Protocol ...
Diverse policy implications for future ozone and surface UV in a
... climatologies from the transient simulations and the concentrations of CO2, N2O, methane, and total chlorine shown in Table 1. Here we focus on the RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, since the stratospheric ozone response to RCP 4.5 falls in between these extreme scenarios (Figure 1). For the RCP 2.6 future ...
... climatologies from the transient simulations and the concentrations of CO2, N2O, methane, and total chlorine shown in Table 1. Here we focus on the RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, since the stratospheric ozone response to RCP 4.5 falls in between these extreme scenarios (Figure 1). For the RCP 2.6 future ...
Technical note on science- based targets
... The steps that the SBTi takes to validate a target, specifically for 2017 CDP scoring, are outlined below. Please note that companies have an opportunity to provide clarifications or minor pieces of missing information, but within a limited timeframe. 1. Initial screening: A member of the SBTi team ...
... The steps that the SBTi takes to validate a target, specifically for 2017 CDP scoring, are outlined below. Please note that companies have an opportunity to provide clarifications or minor pieces of missing information, but within a limited timeframe. 1. Initial screening: A member of the SBTi team ...
Trends in Extreme Precipitation Events for the Northeastern United
... Impacts of Extreme Precipitation THE IMPACTS of heavy precipitation on ecosystems, agriculture, and infrastructure are particularly important for society. One of the most costly effects of extreme precipitation is flooding. During the 20th century, floods caused more loss of life and property damage ...
... Impacts of Extreme Precipitation THE IMPACTS of heavy precipitation on ecosystems, agriculture, and infrastructure are particularly important for society. One of the most costly effects of extreme precipitation is flooding. During the 20th century, floods caused more loss of life and property damage ...
Global Sources and Pathways of Mercury in the Context of Human
... (6%), forests (5%), and evasion after mercury depletion events (3%). Overall, the relative contribution of terrestrial surfaces is 2429 tonnes·year−1 and the contribution from surface waters 2778 tonnes·year−1 , leading to a 5207 tonnes·year−1 total. ...
... (6%), forests (5%), and evasion after mercury depletion events (3%). Overall, the relative contribution of terrestrial surfaces is 2429 tonnes·year−1 and the contribution from surface waters 2778 tonnes·year−1 , leading to a 5207 tonnes·year−1 total. ...
Climate change in Canada
In Canada mitigation of anthropogenic climate change is being addressed more seriously by the provinces than by the federal government.