Negative Sero-occurrence of Infectious Bursal Disease
... The negative results indicate possibilities that there was no exposure of the tested quails to the pathogens, or the quails cannot harbor the pathogens. Another possibility is that since the test kit only has 90% sensitivity and 85% specificity, the serological response (or antibody level) maybe too ...
... The negative results indicate possibilities that there was no exposure of the tested quails to the pathogens, or the quails cannot harbor the pathogens. Another possibility is that since the test kit only has 90% sensitivity and 85% specificity, the serological response (or antibody level) maybe too ...
Respiratory Aerosol Transmissible (RAT) Diseases Annex
... • EOC. Consider activating for complex and/or large responses, if mass prophylaxis is implemented, and if large scale isolation and quarantine is required. • DOC. Consider activating for complex and/or large responses and/or if mass prophylaxis is implemented. • Liaison Officer. Consider activating ...
... • EOC. Consider activating for complex and/or large responses, if mass prophylaxis is implemented, and if large scale isolation and quarantine is required. • DOC. Consider activating for complex and/or large responses and/or if mass prophylaxis is implemented. • Liaison Officer. Consider activating ...
Blood Borne Pathogens, Infection Control (2 Hours)
... detect the HIV antibody. When the infected person shows signs of having certain infections or cancers, he or she may be diagnosed as having AIDS. The infections can cause fever, fatigue, diarrhea, skin rashes, night sweats, loss of appetite, swollen lymph glands and significant weight loss. In the a ...
... detect the HIV antibody. When the infected person shows signs of having certain infections or cancers, he or she may be diagnosed as having AIDS. The infections can cause fever, fatigue, diarrhea, skin rashes, night sweats, loss of appetite, swollen lymph glands and significant weight loss. In the a ...
Communicable Disease Summary 2013 FAIRFAX COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT www.fairfaxcounty.gov/HD
... Of the 2012-2013 Fairfax County pertussis cases with known vaccine history, 67.2% were considered fully vaccinated, while 10.3% were considered partially vaccinated. Only 13 cases (22.4%) reported no vaccination history, with the most common reason cited for no vaccination being parent/patient refus ...
... Of the 2012-2013 Fairfax County pertussis cases with known vaccine history, 67.2% were considered fully vaccinated, while 10.3% were considered partially vaccinated. Only 13 cases (22.4%) reported no vaccination history, with the most common reason cited for no vaccination being parent/patient refus ...
Globalization of Disease, 1300 to 1900
... There is much that is not known about the black plague of the fourteenth century. Medical historians are not agreed that the disaster can be solely attributed to Yersina pestis; it is possible that other pathogens were involved, and that the extent of the population loss was a result of multiple inf ...
... There is much that is not known about the black plague of the fourteenth century. Medical historians are not agreed that the disaster can be solely attributed to Yersina pestis; it is possible that other pathogens were involved, and that the extent of the population loss was a result of multiple inf ...
Cats and pregnant women – Toxoplasmosis
... UK have already had T gondii infection and most will now have lifelong immunity to it. The majority of people infected with T gondii will be unaware of it because infection usually goes unnoticed, or causes mild flu symptoms. However in people with an impaired immune system such as those undergoing ...
... UK have already had T gondii infection and most will now have lifelong immunity to it. The majority of people infected with T gondii will be unaware of it because infection usually goes unnoticed, or causes mild flu symptoms. However in people with an impaired immune system such as those undergoing ...
Infectious Disease Boogies
... • Infection - the virus enters the body – initial symptoms are a cold, flu like syndrome, body aches, etc…which pass within a few days. The ELISA test is negative at this time. • Incubation – 3 months to one year, where the virus enters other cells, but no symptoms are present. This is when sero-con ...
... • Infection - the virus enters the body – initial symptoms are a cold, flu like syndrome, body aches, etc…which pass within a few days. The ELISA test is negative at this time. • Incubation – 3 months to one year, where the virus enters other cells, but no symptoms are present. This is when sero-con ...
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)
... Stamping out strategies can be considered depending on the epidemiological situation. It should only be carried out in the first stage of the infection when the infected area is limited and the number of pigs to kill is still low. Traditional stamping out has its limits in developing countries becaus ...
... Stamping out strategies can be considered depending on the epidemiological situation. It should only be carried out in the first stage of the infection when the infected area is limited and the number of pigs to kill is still low. Traditional stamping out has its limits in developing countries becaus ...
Eradicating infectious disease using weakly transmissible vaccines
... polio vaccine already does this to a limited extent [8], and transmissible vaccines have now been developed and deployed in wild animal populations [6]. For instance, recombinant transmissible vaccines have been developed to protect wild rabbit populations against myxomatosis [9] and to interrupt th ...
... polio vaccine already does this to a limited extent [8], and transmissible vaccines have now been developed and deployed in wild animal populations [6]. For instance, recombinant transmissible vaccines have been developed to protect wild rabbit populations against myxomatosis [9] and to interrupt th ...
Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Guide for Primary Health Care Providers A
... This guide is intended for primary care providers who care for individuals and populations who may be at risk for infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the body without signs and symptoms, or radiographic or b ...
... This guide is intended for primary care providers who care for individuals and populations who may be at risk for infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the body without signs and symptoms, or radiographic or b ...
Syphilis
... Are there any symptoms? The symptoms of syphilis often go unnoticed. There are four stages of syphilis: primary, secondary, latent and tertiary. Each stage has its own set of symptoms. 1. Primary syphilis (ten to ninety days after infection) In this stage, a sore or ulcer appears in the mouth, anus, ...
... Are there any symptoms? The symptoms of syphilis often go unnoticed. There are four stages of syphilis: primary, secondary, latent and tertiary. Each stage has its own set of symptoms. 1. Primary syphilis (ten to ninety days after infection) In this stage, a sore or ulcer appears in the mouth, anus, ...
Pneumonia DRAFT Nov. 02, 2016 Pneumonia is an infection of one
... the extent of the illness. Based on these factors, your health care provider may diagnose pneumonia simply on a thorough history and physical exam, but the following tests may be used to confirm the diagnosis: Diagnostic tests Chest X-ray. This test takes pictures of internal tissues, bones, and org ...
... the extent of the illness. Based on these factors, your health care provider may diagnose pneumonia simply on a thorough history and physical exam, but the following tests may be used to confirm the diagnosis: Diagnostic tests Chest X-ray. This test takes pictures of internal tissues, bones, and org ...
View/Open
... successful implementation and effective functioning of this program. Functionality of voluntary animal tracking system, as well as prospects of it becoming mandatory, largely depend on cattle producer’s willingness to participate and comply. While examination of the individual producer’s incentives ...
... successful implementation and effective functioning of this program. Functionality of voluntary animal tracking system, as well as prospects of it becoming mandatory, largely depend on cattle producer’s willingness to participate and comply. While examination of the individual producer’s incentives ...
The Pesticide Link to Mad Cow Disease
... of infectious agent. And it naturally followed that this same the full brunt of blame for BSE, it surprises me that neither assumption of disease cause was extrapolated into the huwere held accountable for the financial damages of the criman CJD context—the presumed “microorganism” had now sis. Inst ...
... of infectious agent. And it naturally followed that this same the full brunt of blame for BSE, it surprises me that neither assumption of disease cause was extrapolated into the huwere held accountable for the financial damages of the criman CJD context—the presumed “microorganism” had now sis. Inst ...
Agent behavior becomes important when considering animal
... and eradication of livestock diseases. Such information would be essential in implementing animal disease response strategies such as ring culling and vaccination, and setting up quarantine zones. Third, certain traceability systems could make it possible for credence attributes to become observable ...
... and eradication of livestock diseases. Such information would be essential in implementing animal disease response strategies such as ring culling and vaccination, and setting up quarantine zones. Third, certain traceability systems could make it possible for credence attributes to become observable ...
Document
... Clinical Manifestations The only ciliate causes human disease Humans are incidental hosts Most human infection:asymptomatic Clinical symptoms usually consist of chronic intermittent diarrhea and weight loss, but acute dysentery occurs in about 5% of cases ...
... Clinical Manifestations The only ciliate causes human disease Humans are incidental hosts Most human infection:asymptomatic Clinical symptoms usually consist of chronic intermittent diarrhea and weight loss, but acute dysentery occurs in about 5% of cases ...
International Travel Guide
... Area of Risk: Is found globally in developing countries without veterinarian health programs. It is found in certain developing regions in Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia, South and Central America, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the Caribbean. Transmission: it is possible to acquire ant ...
... Area of Risk: Is found globally in developing countries without veterinarian health programs. It is found in certain developing regions in Southern and Eastern Europe, Asia, South and Central America, sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East, and the Caribbean. Transmission: it is possible to acquire ant ...
etiological aspects of gastro-enteritis
... and a peritonitis due to B. coli and Ps. pyocyanea Here again, the evidence points to the brunt of the infection falling on the intestine, and spreading thence by the lymphatic and portal circulations. The problem of the relationship of 'parenteral infection' to infantile diarrhoea is an important a ...
... and a peritonitis due to B. coli and Ps. pyocyanea Here again, the evidence points to the brunt of the infection falling on the intestine, and spreading thence by the lymphatic and portal circulations. The problem of the relationship of 'parenteral infection' to infantile diarrhoea is an important a ...
newcastle disease and infectious bursal disease amoing free range
... livelihood and supply 100% of eggs and chicken meat consumed in rural areas, where 83% of the population live. In addition, they cater for 20% of the chicken egg and meat demand of urban consumers [2]. Therefore, free-range chickens have an important role in economic and nutritional needs of the Tan ...
... livelihood and supply 100% of eggs and chicken meat consumed in rural areas, where 83% of the population live. In addition, they cater for 20% of the chicken egg and meat demand of urban consumers [2]. Therefore, free-range chickens have an important role in economic and nutritional needs of the Tan ...
Isolated Splenic Cat Scratch Disease in an
... (bacillary angiomatosis) or the liver and spleen (peliosis) is seen. CSD mainly occurs in immunocompetent hosts, whereas bacillary angiomatosis mainly affects immunocompromised persons, especially those with HIV infection [6]. CSD, which was first described in 1950 [7], typically begins with a local ...
... (bacillary angiomatosis) or the liver and spleen (peliosis) is seen. CSD mainly occurs in immunocompetent hosts, whereas bacillary angiomatosis mainly affects immunocompromised persons, especially those with HIV infection [6]. CSD, which was first described in 1950 [7], typically begins with a local ...
Summary Wilderness Insect Repellents
... Inability to primarily prevent transmission of most arthropod diseases by vaccinations (except yellow fever vaccine and few others) Arthropod-borne disease threats Arthropod-borne infectious disease primarily transmitted to humans through extensive reservoirs in birds and mammals via bites fro ...
... Inability to primarily prevent transmission of most arthropod diseases by vaccinations (except yellow fever vaccine and few others) Arthropod-borne disease threats Arthropod-borne infectious disease primarily transmitted to humans through extensive reservoirs in birds and mammals via bites fro ...
Pass It On! Disease Competition
... Someone infected with measles can spread the virus by either providing direct contact with the fluids from his or her nose and mouth, or by exhaling viruses in droplets from sneezes, coughs, and breathing. Measles is highly contagious, and it is estimated that 90% of people without immunity who shar ...
... Someone infected with measles can spread the virus by either providing direct contact with the fluids from his or her nose and mouth, or by exhaling viruses in droplets from sneezes, coughs, and breathing. Measles is highly contagious, and it is estimated that 90% of people without immunity who shar ...
Chagas disease
Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. It is spread mostly by insects known as triatominae or kissing bugs. The symptoms change over the course of the infection. In the early stage, symptoms are typically either not present or mild and may include fever, swollen lymph nodes, headaches, or local swelling at the site of the bite. After 8–12 weeks, individuals enter the chronic phase of disease and in 60–70% it never produces further symptoms. The other 30 to 40% of people develop further symptoms 10 to 30 years after the initial infection, including enlargement of the ventricles of the heart in 20 to 30%, leading to heart failure. An enlarged esophagus or an enlarged colon may also occur in 10% of people.T. cruzi is commonly spread to humans and other mammals by the blood-sucking ""kissing bugs"" of the subfamily Triatominae. These insects are known by a number of local names, including: vinchuca in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile and Paraguay, barbeiro (the barber) in Brazil, pito in Colombia, chinche in Central America, and chipo in Venezuela. The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion, organ transplantation, eating food contaminated with the parasites, and by vertical transmission (from a mother to her fetus). Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope. Chronic disease is diagnosed by finding antibodies for T. cruzi in the blood.Prevention mostly involves eliminating kissing bugs and avoiding their bites. Other preventative efforts include screening blood used for transfusions. A vaccine has not been developed as of 2013. Early infections are treatable with the medication benznidazole or nifurtimox. Medication nearly always results in a cure if given early, but becomes less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease. When used in chronic disease, medication may delay or prevent the development of end–stage symptoms. Benznidazole and nifurtimox cause temporary side effects in up to 40% of people including skin disorders, brain toxicity, and digestive system irritation.It is estimated that 7 to 8 million people, mostly in Mexico, Central America and South America, have Chagas disease as of 2013. In 2006, Chagas was estimated to result in 12,500 deaths per year. Most people with the disease are poor, and most people with the disease do not realize they are infected. Large-scale population movements have increased the areas where Chagas disease is found and these include many European countries and the United States. These areas have also seen an increase in the years up to 2014. The disease was first described in 1909 by Carlos Chagas after whom it is named. It affects more than 150 other animals.