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Yellow Fever — Once Again on the Radar Screen in the Americas
Yellow Fever — Once Again on the Radar Screen in the Americas

... that fact in 1900. Subsequently, mosquito-control efforts and better sanitation practices virtually eliminated yellow fever from the United States and other nonendemic areas of the Americas, although sporadic outbreaks of varying magnitude continued to occur in tropical regions where the disease was ...
La transición epidemiológica y su impacto en la salud global A new
La transición epidemiológica y su impacto en la salud global A new

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HINT Report Weekly Disease Surveillance Report
HINT Report Weekly Disease Surveillance Report

... Source: Ohio EpiCenter and the Ohio Disease Reporting System (ODRS) Key indicators are select illness classifications among Cuyahoga County residents who visited the hospital. The data are reported in real-time. Residents can be classified into more than one illness classification. Data has been con ...
What impact does Chagas disease have on workforce productivity in
What impact does Chagas disease have on workforce productivity in

... migrating northward to the USA and even eastward to Europe. In addition, it is estimated that 100,000 infected individuals are living in the USA, most of who immigrated from Mexico and Central America. The infectious risk these individuals pose to non-endemic areas is mainly through blood transfusio ...
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Periodontal Disease Brochure (1)
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Spring 2015-Chapter 21
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Insights from Economic-Epidemiology
Insights from Economic-Epidemiology

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HINT Report Weekly Disease Surveillance Report
HINT Report Weekly Disease Surveillance Report

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HINT Report Weekly Disease Surveillance Report
HINT Report Weekly Disease Surveillance Report

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Plant disease detective - teacher notes
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... sheets at the end of this document. Alternatively, to save on photocopying, the ‘Evidence’ section of the ‘Case notes’ could be displayed/projected at the front of the class and students instructed to write up their notes on blank paper. The students’ task is to use the ‘Evidence’ and the informatio ...
a complimentary source PDF.
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... production (24,25) to map potential hot spots of virus transmission (26). An interesting question is why did we not see disease epidemics in Indonesia, following the devastating tsunami disaster of December 2004? Could rapid public health intervention be credited with minimizing spread of disease? I ...
while the causative organism was not reported for 82 (6%) cases
while the causative organism was not reported for 82 (6%) cases

... (2002) in Ireland are presented as separate chapters elsewhere within this document. Gastroenteritis (when contracted by children under 2 years of age) Notifications of gastroenteritis in those aged less than 2 years continued to decline in 2002 compared to previous years with 1747 cases (44.6/100,0 ...
HINT Report Weekly Disease Surveillance Report
HINT Report Weekly Disease Surveillance Report

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Preventive Herd Health and Vaccination
Preventive Herd Health and Vaccination

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HINT Report Weekly Disease Surveillance Report
HINT Report Weekly Disease Surveillance Report

... Source: Ohio EpiCenter and the Ohio Disease Reporting System (ODRS) Key indicators are select illness classifications among Cuyahoga County residents who visited the hospital. The data are reported in real-time. Residents can be classified into more than one illness classification. Data has been con ...
Infectious Diseases Policy for Students
Infectious Diseases Policy for Students

... 2. Each removal of a child with a chronic infectious disease from normal school attendance will be reviewed by the school medical advisor in consultation with the parent/guardian and the student's physician at least once every month to determine whether the condition precipitating the removal has ch ...
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Eradication of infectious diseases



Eradication is the reduction of an infectious disease's prevalence in the global host population to zero. It is sometimes confused with elimination, which describes either the reduction of an infectious disease's prevalence in a regional population to zero, or the reduction of the global prevalence to a negligible amount. Further confusion arises from the use of the term eradication to refer to the total removal of a given pathogen from an individual (also known as clearance of an infection), particularly in the context of HIV and certain other viruses where such cures are sought.Selection of infectious diseases for eradication is based on rigorous criteria, as both biological and technical features determine whether a pathogenic organism is (at least potentially) eradicable. The targeted organism must not have a non-human reservoir (or, in the case of animal diseases, the infection reservoir must be an easily identifiable species, as in the case of rinderpest), and/or amplify in the environment. This implies that sufficient information on the life cycle and transmission dynamics is available at the time an eradication initiative is programmed. An efficient and practical intervention (e.g., a vaccine or antibiotic) must be available to interrupt transmission of the infective agent. Studies of measles in the pre-vaccination era led to the concept of the Critical community size, the size of the population below which a pathogen ceases to circulate. Use of vaccination programmes before the introduction of an eradication campaign can reduce the susceptible population. The disease to be eradicated should be clearly identifiable, and an accurate diagnostic tool should exist. Economic considerations, as well as societal and political support and commitment, are other crucial factors that determine eradication feasibility.Eight attempts have been made to date to eradicate infectious diseases: two successful programs targeting smallpox and rinderpest; four ongoing programs targeting poliomyelitis, yaws, dracunculiasis and malaria; and two former programs targeting hookworm and yellow fever. Five more infectious diseases have been identified as of April 2008 as potentially eradicable with current technology by the Carter Center International Task Force for Disease Eradication—measles, mumps, rubella, lymphatic filariasis and cysticercosis.
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