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liverdisordersffiffiþW
liverdisordersffiffiþW

... attack and skeletal muscle damage as fhis enz]¡rne is present in heart and muscle cells as well as in hepatocytes. Sometimes, only the blood ALT activiry will be elevated in liver disease while AST activity remains normal. Blood aminotransferase activities are elevated in many difFerent liver diseas ...
Management of influenza infection in solid
Management of influenza infection in solid

... The benefits of transplantation have to be balanced with the risk of transmission of pathogens such as virus. The possibility of transmission of influenza infection from donor to recipient through the graft was a matter of concern during the 2009 pandemic.6–8 Several studies have demonstrated the spre ...
Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Juvenile recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

... many primigravid mothers, may lead to a higher risk of infection in firstborn children. Kashima et al5 also suggested that newly acquired genital HPV lesions are more likely to shed virus than long-standing lesions. This may explain the higher incidence of papilloma disease observed among offspring o ...
asthma - OnlineCPG
asthma - OnlineCPG

... considerable variability in the pattern of inflammation, thus indicating phenotypic differences that may influence treatment responses. • Gene-by-environmental interactions are important to the development and expression of asthma. Of the environmental factors, allergic reactions remain important. E ...
BLOOD URINE SWEAT
BLOOD URINE SWEAT

... How does it work, and not only what the normal results should be, but what does an abnormal result mean. Nurses also often want to know why their patient is being investigated and what the results may mean. This book will answer those questions in terms that nurses and the average lay person should ...
Document
Document

... Toxic exposures (breathing ammonia, for example) can harm the bronchi, and lead to bronchiectasis. An extreme allergic response of the immune system to the presence of ...
Sarcoidosis: A Mysterious Disease
Sarcoidosis: A Mysterious Disease

... and ‘oid’ meaning flesh like. The term describes the skin eruptions that are frequently caused by the illness. Sarcoidosis often affects other parts of the body, such as the eyes, skin and liver. It also includes spleen, heart, brain, nerves, salivary glands, tear glands, joints or bones which are l ...
a report into diabetic eye disease in australia
a report into diabetic eye disease in australia

... A Looming Public Health Crisis The rapid population growth that is expected in the coming decades means that many more Australians will be living with diabetes in 2030 than are doing so today2,3. In the year 2011, the International Diabetes Federation estimated that 366 million people in the world h ...
Abstract - WHO archives - World Health Organization
Abstract - WHO archives - World Health Organization

... The treatment options available to patients with COPD and their physicians are limited, and no pharmacologic therapy has demonstrated a reduction in the progressive loss of lung function that occurs. Smoking cessation slows the decline in lung function but sustained quit rates attained by intensive ...
Chronic Cough
Chronic Cough

... • Post nasal drip – May be no nasal or upper airway symptoms – May be sensation of drip or throat clearing – No ‘test’ – treatment trial may be 1st line of intervention ...
Hepatitis C (August 2016) - BC Centre for Disease Control
Hepatitis C (August 2016) - BC Centre for Disease Control

... Iatrogenic – Unintentional and unfavourable response to a medical treatment or procedure caused by a healthcare provider. ...
mrremt comment% Leprosy: Down But
mrremt comment% Leprosy: Down But

... are also administered, but these are more expensive than dapsone, and, therefore, dtificult to obtain in the poorer nations where leprosy is endemic. 14 A patient with lepromatous leprosy may take drugs throughout his or her Me. IS People with tuberculoid leprosy must take them for at least two year ...
Epidemiology of most frequent infectious complications in
Epidemiology of most frequent infectious complications in

... may be associated with the malignancy itself or it may be present as a consequence of chemotherapy and this is the major risk factor for developing infectious complications in this patient group. The role of neutropenia in infections was recognised in the 1960’s [15]. The majority of patients (about ...
sexual health issue brief
sexual health issue brief

... infection decreases, the percentage of people who are susceptible to HSV-1 genital infection increases. Nevertheless, even though the prevalence of oral infection is declining, the overall prevalence of HSV-1 remains high. For example, data from the United States indicates that, although HSV-1 serop ...
11 INFECTION II. GRANULOMATOUS INFECTIONS
11 INFECTION II. GRANULOMATOUS INFECTIONS

... for organisms in the central, most necrotic portion of the granuloma. In most cases, the examination of sections from two tissue blocks is sufficient to identify an infectious agent, provided that the blocks include areas containing the most active and preferably most necrotic granulomatous inflamma ...
Clerisme-Beaty EM, Karam S, Rand C, Patino CM, Bilderback A, Riekert KA, Okelo SO, Diette GB. Does higher body mass index contribute to worse asthma control in an urban population? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(2): p.207-12.
Clerisme-Beaty EM, Karam S, Rand C, Patino CM, Bilderback A, Riekert KA, Okelo SO, Diette GB. Does higher body mass index contribute to worse asthma control in an urban population? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2009;124(2): p.207-12.

... obesity and asthma have found increasing BMI to be associated with increased asthma incidence.8 Whether this association is coincidental or a result of a true physiologic link remains unclear. To date, studies looking at the association of obesity and cardinal features of asthma pathophysiology, suc ...
Case-control study of severe life threatening
Case-control study of severe life threatening

... that he/she was so wheezy and short of breath as to be unable to speak or rise from a chair. At three stages during each of the scenarios subjects were asked to describe what action they would normally undertake if they were actually experiencing such symptoms. The scoring system, in which scores we ...
DART 2020 - Bundesministerium für Gesundheit
DART 2020 - Bundesministerium für Gesundheit

... which is being accelerated by the excessive, inappropriate use of antibiotics and, furthermore, resistant pathogens are able to spread because of hygiene deficiencies in human and veterinary medicine. Alongside a lack of information on the part of doctors and veterinary surgeons, the wishes of patie ...
Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Swiss guidelines
Management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the Swiss guidelines

... Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as a disorder characterised by expiratory airflow limitation that is not fully reversible [1]. The airflow limitation is usually slowly progressive and associated with an inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or g ...
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Apparent Life
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and Apparent Life

... tone, or heart rate are considered pathologic. Central apnea implies a disruption in the central respiratory centers resulting in a cessation of respiratory effort. There is no attempt to breathe. Normal periodic breathing is characterized by pauses of several seconds in respiration, between normal ...
Osteoporosis and Vitamin D deficiency - Ezzat-Murad
Osteoporosis and Vitamin D deficiency - Ezzat-Murad

... enormous burden on aging individuals and a major economic toll on the nation. ...
health overview and scrutiny committee scoping document
health overview and scrutiny committee scoping document

... 40, though in South Asian and African-Caribbean people often appears after the age of 25. It is treated by diet and exercise alone or by diet, exercise and tablets or by diet, exercise and insulin injections. The main aim of treatment of both types of diabetes is to achieve blood glucose and blood p ...
Acute Asthma in Adults - Saudi Initiative for Asthma
Acute Asthma in Adults - Saudi Initiative for Asthma

... certainty. Lung function testing is not very helpful CXR may help to exclude structural abnormalities of the airway. A trial of treatment with short-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for at least 8 to 12 weeks may provide some guidance as to the presence of asthma. www.sinagro ...
Fever and Infections - who is professor fink?
Fever and Infections - who is professor fink?

... word febris, meaning fever, and archaically known as ague) is a frequent medical sign that describes an increase in internal body temperature to levels above normal. Fever is most accurately characterized as a temporary elevation in the body's thermoregulatory set-point, usually by about 1–2 °C (1.8 ...
Risks for, and Causes of, Leukemia
Risks for, and Causes of, Leukemia

... survival rates are rising. As of 1997, the one-year relative survival rate for patients with leukemia was 63 percent. Survival drops to 43 percent at five years after diagnosis, primarily due to the poor survival of patients with some types of leukemia, such as the acute myelocytic form. Nevertheles ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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