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Chapter 20: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and
Chapter 20: Infectious Diseases Affecting the Cardiovascular and

... 2. Many different bacteria and a few fungi can cause this condition 3. Symptoms often result from bacterial toxins or the body’s own cytokine response A) Fever – prominent symptom B) Patient appears very ill, may have an altered mental state, shaking chills, and gastrointestinal symptoms C) Often ex ...
insight Nature 430, 242-249 (8 July 2004) | doi:10.1038
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... Any discussion of recent EIs must begin with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes AIDS. HIV has so far infected more than 60 million people worldwide 33. Before jumping to humans an estimated 60–70 years ago34, perhaps as a consequence of the consumption of ‘bush meat’ from non-human p ...
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... inflammation, anaemia, morning sickness Do we do a disservice by blocking these defenses? ...
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...  PEP is not the best method to protect yourself against getting HIV. Using condoms consistently and correctly and using clean needles is the best prevention against HIV infection. ...
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... o There has been no documentation of confirmed cases of occupational transmission of HIV since 1999 (CDC, Occupational HIV Transmission, 2011). o Risk of exposure from a single needle stick is ...
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... was without exception unanimously reported by all observers. The mortality in the first epidemic was low. The November epidemic covered a much larger territory; there were few areas in Netherlands East Indies which were not infected by the influenza. As to the morbidity of the second wave vary in di ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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