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Epidemiology
Epidemiology

... associated immunity. It can be measured by:a) Second attack frequency: In certain diseases second attacks are rarely recorded as in case of measles, mumps and Chicken pox. In other diseases re-infection occurs as in case of common cold, upper respiratory infections, syphilis and gonorrhea. b) Age sp ...
ethical and legal issues related to iris/aids patients
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You Light Up My Life - Teaching Learning Center
You Light Up My Life - Teaching Learning Center

... The pathogen must have a way to leave the reservoir and enter a host, attach to the host’s body, and enter the tissues. Pathogens must have some way to avoid the host’s defenses so that it can reproduce inside the host. The pathogen finally must be able to return to a reservoir or move to a new host ...
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infectious diseases as a possible cause of gulf war illnesses
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Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
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Occupational Infection
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Early Life Health and Cognitive Function in Old Age
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... is estimated to have declined from 61.6 percent to 2 percent (Bernard Guyer et al. 2000). Major causes of child death included diarrhea, pneumonia and other respiratory infections, diphtheria, typhoid, measles, scarlet fever, whooping cough, and tuberculosis (Guyer et al. 2000). The mortality declin ...
Opportunistic Infections and Mortality: Still Room for Improvement
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Occupational Exposure to Blood or Other Potentially Infectious
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... reasonable at the time. This flows on from the Education Act 1989 s 75’s provision that “except to the extent that any enactment or the general law of New Zealand provides otherwise, a school’s Board has complete discretion to control the management of the school as it sees fit”. While the Ministry ...
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... 1.2 to each team. Distribute the cards in such a way that each disease is reviewed by at least one team. 5. Explain that scientists find it useful to group diseases in different ways, depending on the problems they want to address. Direct the teams to review their disease cards and sort them into pi ...
Leading health research in West Africa to save lives and improve
Leading health research in West Africa to save lives and improve

... impact. Through laboratory science and clinical trials, the theme’s aim is to contribute to the evidence based development and deployment of vaccines. The theme also undertakes a series of translational and more fundamental immunological studies aiming at understanding the development of the immune ...
infectious diseases
infectious diseases

... • Some pathogens can survive for a period of time outside a person’s body. • These pathogens can be spread from person to person on objects such as • doorknobs • eating utensils • towels • needles used for body piercings and tattoos ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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