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The Case of the Ebola Epidemic - Association of Clinical Research
The Case of the Ebola Epidemic - Association of Clinical Research

... find such conditions acceptable, given that these drugs would be commercially available and thus could be readily obtained without having to enroll in the trial. Moreover, randomization of subjects is a difficult enough concept for people to accept under normal circumstances; adding the stress of li ...
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... over the past years. Newly developed techniques, such as B-TRANCE, have proven useful in the evaluation of several diseases1. One aspect that has been lacking though, was the ability to depict hemodynamic processes. Yaesu clinic, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan is using an Achieva 3.0T scanner with special so ...
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... binding to receptors at the neuromuscular junction. The classic symptom is muscle stiffness particularly in the muscles of mastication, thus the descriptive term "lockjaw". If the muscle stiffness extends across the entire face, “risus sardonicus” occurs, an expression of continuous grimace. Also st ...
Document
Document

... • Race is a social construct without biological basis; there is far greater genetic diversity within racial categories than between them. • Because race is associated with geographic ancestral origin and because differences in geographic origin are associated with genetic allele frequency, allele fr ...
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Syndemic

A syndemic is the aggregation of two or more diseases in a population in which there is some level of positive biological interaction that exacerbates the negative health effects of any or all of the diseases. The term was developed and introduced by Merrill Singer in several articles in the mid-1990s and has since received growing attention and use among epidemiologists and medical anthropologists concerned with community health and the effects of social conditions on health, culminating in a recent textbook. Syndemics tend to develop under conditions of health disparity, caused by poverty, stress, or structural violence, and contribute to a significant burden of disease in affected populations. The term syndemic is further reserved to label the consequential interactions between concurrent or sequential diseases in a population and in relation to the social conditions that cluster the diseases within the population.The traditional biomedical approach to disease is characterized by an effort to diagnostically isolate, study, and treat diseases as if they were distinct entities that existed in nature separate from other diseases and independent of the social contexts in which they are found. This singular approach proved useful historically in focusing medical attention on the immediate causes and biological expressions of disease and contributed, as a result, to the emergence of targeted modern biomedical treatments for specific diseases, many of which have been successful. As knowledge about diseases has advanced, it is increasingly realized that diseases are not independent and that synergistic disease interactions are of considerable importance for prognosis. Given that social conditions can contribute to the clustering, form and progression of disease at the individual and population level, there is growing interest in the health sciences on syndemics.
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