Multi-level Selection and the Major Transitions in - Philsci
... for group advantage as an evolutionary mechanism! Clearly, Dawkins has failed to realise that trying to explain the major transitions involves us in levels of selection issues closely analogous to those involved in the traditional debate over group selection. Another respect in which the traditional ...
... for group advantage as an evolutionary mechanism! Clearly, Dawkins has failed to realise that trying to explain the major transitions involves us in levels of selection issues closely analogous to those involved in the traditional debate over group selection. Another respect in which the traditional ...
Genetic Wheel Worksh..
... selection acts on as a species meets changes in its environment. Human beings show variation in many traits that can often be detected easily by their appearance. Some of these traits may persist partly because natural selection is not even involved. That is, some of the traits leave no effect on su ...
... selection acts on as a species meets changes in its environment. Human beings show variation in many traits that can often be detected easily by their appearance. Some of these traits may persist partly because natural selection is not even involved. That is, some of the traits leave no effect on su ...
Darwins Dangerous Idea Video Worksheet - Gleason
... 19. How many years ago did hummingbirds diverge from each other? 20. Darwin’s view was that accumulated over time. 21. Emma was Darwin’s . He eventually married her. 22. Whose book on Commerce and Population inspired Darwin? 23. Darwin concluded that nature does not around man. 24. How do minute dif ...
... 19. How many years ago did hummingbirds diverge from each other? 20. Darwin’s view was that accumulated over time. 21. Emma was Darwin’s . He eventually married her. 22. Whose book on Commerce and Population inspired Darwin? 23. Darwin concluded that nature does not around man. 24. How do minute dif ...
Reflecting on Darwin
... he has ‘hardly ever admired a book more than Paley’s Natural Theology’ (Darwin, 1985., vol. 7, letter to J. Lubbock, 22 November 1859: 388). Darwin’s theory of natural selection appears in fact to have absorbed ideas from Paley’s natural theology – among them his early beliefs in pan-adaptationism a ...
... he has ‘hardly ever admired a book more than Paley’s Natural Theology’ (Darwin, 1985., vol. 7, letter to J. Lubbock, 22 November 1859: 388). Darwin’s theory of natural selection appears in fact to have absorbed ideas from Paley’s natural theology – among them his early beliefs in pan-adaptationism a ...
the invention of sexual.ity
... that has to be contained or let go (Stone 1977: 15). These approaches assume that sex offers a basic 'biological mandate' which presses against and must be restrained by the cultural matrix. This is what I mean by an essentialist approach to sexuality. It takes many forms. Liberatory theorists such ...
... that has to be contained or let go (Stone 1977: 15). These approaches assume that sex offers a basic 'biological mandate' which presses against and must be restrained by the cultural matrix. This is what I mean by an essentialist approach to sexuality. It takes many forms. Liberatory theorists such ...
sexual addiction and compulsion: recognition, treatment
... people have uncontrolled sexual behavior. People with sexual compulsivity are similar to compulsive gamblers, compulsive overeaters, or alcoholics in that they are not able to contain their impulses, which lead to destructive results. For this reason, they are often referred to as sexual addicts. De ...
... people have uncontrolled sexual behavior. People with sexual compulsivity are similar to compulsive gamblers, compulsive overeaters, or alcoholics in that they are not able to contain their impulses, which lead to destructive results. For this reason, they are often referred to as sexual addicts. De ...
Colour ornamentation in the blue tit: quantitative genetic
... Although secondary sexual traits are commonly more developed in males than females, in many animal species females also display elaborate ornaments or weaponry. Indirect selection on correlated traits in males and/or direct sexual or social selection in females are hypothesized to drive the evolutio ...
... Although secondary sexual traits are commonly more developed in males than females, in many animal species females also display elaborate ornaments or weaponry. Indirect selection on correlated traits in males and/or direct sexual or social selection in females are hypothesized to drive the evolutio ...
Harnessing Evolution: The Interaction Between Sexual
... extraordinarily large and rarely fully understood. Translating even a small piece of these interactions into a computational environment requires careful consideration. Even within our “simple” Avida model, the modifications are still endless. But when studying a biological theory, the temptation to ...
... extraordinarily large and rarely fully understood. Translating even a small piece of these interactions into a computational environment requires careful consideration. Even within our “simple” Avida model, the modifications are still endless. But when studying a biological theory, the temptation to ...
Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life
... • In 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modification, but did not introduce his theory publicly • Natural selection is a process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce • In June 1858, Darwin receiv ...
... • In 1844, Darwin wrote an essay on natural selection as the mechanism of descent with modification, but did not introduce his theory publicly • Natural selection is a process in which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce • In June 1858, Darwin receiv ...
Predicting Microevolutionary Responses to Directional Selection on
... It would appear to be a straightforward matter to measure both responses are well predicted. This allows us to conclude a group of individuals before and again after selection, and that, to a first approximation, targets of selection have been then measure the offspring of the selected sample at the ...
... It would appear to be a straightforward matter to measure both responses are well predicted. This allows us to conclude a group of individuals before and again after selection, and that, to a first approximation, targets of selection have been then measure the offspring of the selected sample at the ...
Chapter 15 Lecture Slides
... Heterozygotes can be advantageous as environmental conditions change, and polymorphic loci are maintained. Colias butterflies live in an environment with temperature extremes. The population is polymorphic for an enzyme that influences flight at different temperatures. Heterozygotes are favored beca ...
... Heterozygotes can be advantageous as environmental conditions change, and polymorphic loci are maintained. Colias butterflies live in an environment with temperature extremes. The population is polymorphic for an enzyme that influences flight at different temperatures. Heterozygotes are favored beca ...
Mechanisms of Evolution
... Heterozygotes can be advantageous as environmental conditions change, and polymorphic loci are maintained. Colias butterflies live in an environment with temperature extremes. The population is polymorphic for an enzyme that influences flight at different temperatures. Heterozygotes are favored beca ...
... Heterozygotes can be advantageous as environmental conditions change, and polymorphic loci are maintained. Colias butterflies live in an environment with temperature extremes. The population is polymorphic for an enzyme that influences flight at different temperatures. Heterozygotes are favored beca ...
Reprint
... trait exaggeration will evolve. Surprisingly, this is true no matter how small the cost, which reveals that these models of Fisher’s process are structurally unstable (Bulmer 1989). Here a model of Fisher’s runaway process is presented to demonstrate that costly female preference evolves very easily ...
... trait exaggeration will evolve. Surprisingly, this is true no matter how small the cost, which reveals that these models of Fisher’s process are structurally unstable (Bulmer 1989). Here a model of Fisher’s runaway process is presented to demonstrate that costly female preference evolves very easily ...
1 AN EVANGELICAL LOOKS AT THERAPEUTIC SEXUAL
... discovery through sex was so important it did not matter who the sexual partner happened to be. He said “erotic love” shows us “We are all part of One; we are One. This being so, it should not make any difference whom we love.”6 So, while Freud said it was bad to deny sex and Jung suggested sexual s ...
... discovery through sex was so important it did not matter who the sexual partner happened to be. He said “erotic love” shows us “We are all part of One; we are One. This being so, it should not make any difference whom we love.”6 So, while Freud said it was bad to deny sex and Jung suggested sexual s ...
Modelling the evolution and consequences of mate choice
... species we might be tempted to define it as the creation of offspring by combining gametes from a male and a female. We can recognise this process in many other invertebrates. However, in other species, things are not so straightforward (for a list of examples and references, see Hurst, 1995). Ander ...
... species we might be tempted to define it as the creation of offspring by combining gametes from a male and a female. We can recognise this process in many other invertebrates. However, in other species, things are not so straightforward (for a list of examples and references, see Hurst, 1995). Ander ...
Lecture PPT - Carol Eunmi LEE - University of Wisconsin–Madison
... Genes mutate, resulting in different alleles Evolution occurs at the population level, due to a change in proportions of individuals with different genotypes Changes in proportion in a population could occur via random genetic drift (Sewall Wright) or Natural Selection… the rate of mutation is usual ...
... Genes mutate, resulting in different alleles Evolution occurs at the population level, due to a change in proportions of individuals with different genotypes Changes in proportion in a population could occur via random genetic drift (Sewall Wright) or Natural Selection… the rate of mutation is usual ...
Chapter 11: The Evolution of Populations
... This type of distribution, in which the frequency is highest near the phenotypes common for most traits is the result of polygenic mean value and decreases toward each extreme end of the range, is called a traits, which are controlled by normal distribution. When these frequency values are graphed ...
... This type of distribution, in which the frequency is highest near the phenotypes common for most traits is the result of polygenic mean value and decreases toward each extreme end of the range, is called a traits, which are controlled by normal distribution. When these frequency values are graphed ...
Sexual Differences in Flight Calls and the Cue for Vocal Sex
... a 300-Hz filter for the following parameters: call length, number of syllables, interval between onset of adjacent syllables, and duration of syllable. Sexual differences within these parameters were testedaccordingto the t-test. When the variances differed significantly between the sexes(F-test, P ...
... a 300-Hz filter for the following parameters: call length, number of syllables, interval between onset of adjacent syllables, and duration of syllable. Sexual differences within these parameters were testedaccordingto the t-test. When the variances differed significantly between the sexes(F-test, P ...
Brilmyer_2017_Darwinian Feminisms
... What did Darwin himself think of the efforts of women scientists to improve evolutionary science by advocating for more attention to the female experience? In the online documentary Darwin’s Women (2013), produced as part of the Darwin Correspondence Project at the University of Cambridge, historian ...
... What did Darwin himself think of the efforts of women scientists to improve evolutionary science by advocating for more attention to the female experience? In the online documentary Darwin’s Women (2013), produced as part of the Darwin Correspondence Project at the University of Cambridge, historian ...
Psychiatry and Human Sexuality - World Psychiatric Association
... addressing the sexual complaints of men, mainly erectile dysfunction. The primary aim of treatment should be the improvement of sexual satisfaction for the patient and his partner, and should not be limited to restoring erectile capacity. The overall therapeutic strategy is based on an integrated ap ...
... addressing the sexual complaints of men, mainly erectile dysfunction. The primary aim of treatment should be the improvement of sexual satisfaction for the patient and his partner, and should not be limited to restoring erectile capacity. The overall therapeutic strategy is based on an integrated ap ...
The Liberal 1950s? Reinterpreting Postwar American
... harbored surprisingly liberal leanings.2 What should we make of this? Were the postwar years an age of resurgent sexual conservatism, or were they forward strides in the long march of the sexual revolution? Although the debate is hardly over, the obvious answer, it seems, is “both.” This chapter dra ...
... harbored surprisingly liberal leanings.2 What should we make of this? Were the postwar years an age of resurgent sexual conservatism, or were they forward strides in the long march of the sexual revolution? Although the debate is hardly over, the obvious answer, it seems, is “both.” This chapter dra ...
Natural Selection as a Cause: Probability, Chance, and Selective
... eyesight, bias chance. And, biased chance (or chance with biases) can sometimes be analyzed very differently from unbiased chance. Let us notice that both Millstein and Brandon miss this fundamental point, when they associate discriminate and indiscriminate sampling with two different set-ups for e ...
... eyesight, bias chance. And, biased chance (or chance with biases) can sometimes be analyzed very differently from unbiased chance. Let us notice that both Millstein and Brandon miss this fundamental point, when they associate discriminate and indiscriminate sampling with two different set-ups for e ...
The effects of sexual selection and ecology on adaptation and
... Figure 5-3 Male reproductive defense among ethanol- and cadmium-adapted D. melanogaster populations .................................................................................................. 110 Figure 5-4 Male reproductive offense among ethanol- and cadmium-adapted D. melanogaster popul ...
... Figure 5-3 Male reproductive defense among ethanol- and cadmium-adapted D. melanogaster populations .................................................................................................. 110 Figure 5-4 Male reproductive offense among ethanol- and cadmium-adapted D. melanogaster popul ...
Sample student paper
... Psychiatry, the work group concluded their research by stating that there was “limited published data supporting the current diagnoses and criteria sets” (p. 1087). However, they continue, “following the mandate of the DSM-IV Task Force that recommended changes in DSM-IV must be data based, (the wor ...
... Psychiatry, the work group concluded their research by stating that there was “limited published data supporting the current diagnoses and criteria sets” (p. 1087). However, they continue, “following the mandate of the DSM-IV Task Force that recommended changes in DSM-IV must be data based, (the wor ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.