PowerPoint Presentation - Landmarks in Evolutionary Biology
... Darwin drafts a manuscript laying out his ideas at length. The manuscript remains unpublished until . . . ...
... Darwin drafts a manuscript laying out his ideas at length. The manuscript remains unpublished until . . . ...
Glossary accompanying the lecture: “Evolutionary Biology”
... celled eukaryotes), fungi, plants, and animals. Eusociality: A social system with non-reproductive workers. E.g. ants and termites. Evolution: The process during which the genetic composition of a population changes. Changes can result from selection, genetic drift, mutation or migration. Small evol ...
... celled eukaryotes), fungi, plants, and animals. Eusociality: A social system with non-reproductive workers. E.g. ants and termites. Evolution: The process during which the genetic composition of a population changes. Changes can result from selection, genetic drift, mutation or migration. Small evol ...
Phil 306: Egoism and Altruism EVOLUTIONARY THEORY AND
... little. If HBs were capable only of seeking their own interest, morality would be impossible; people would not be capable of seeking the moral good or the interests of others. (I am assuming here that ethical egoism is false—that morality requires us to take the welfare of others into account in som ...
... little. If HBs were capable only of seeking their own interest, morality would be impossible; people would not be capable of seeking the moral good or the interests of others. (I am assuming here that ethical egoism is false—that morality requires us to take the welfare of others into account in som ...
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... Darwin’s Inescapable Conclusion • Darwin synthesized the concept of natural selection from two observations that were neither profound nor original – Others had the pieces of the puzzle, but Darwin could see how they fit together ...
... Darwin’s Inescapable Conclusion • Darwin synthesized the concept of natural selection from two observations that were neither profound nor original – Others had the pieces of the puzzle, but Darwin could see how they fit together ...
2 facts, 2 deductions
... crops, livestock, and pets): Observation #1: Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits Observation #2: All species can produce more offspring than the environment can support, and many of these offspring fail to survive and reproduce Inference #1: Individuals whose inherited ...
... crops, livestock, and pets): Observation #1: Members of a population often vary in their inherited traits Observation #2: All species can produce more offspring than the environment can support, and many of these offspring fail to survive and reproduce Inference #1: Individuals whose inherited ...
Lecture 11: Evolution 1. Review of Geology Genesis
... Darwins and Wedgwoods Edinburgh: medical training and radical marine biology Cambridge: theology, Paley, and Whewell Geology: Sedgwick’s survey of Wales 5. Darwin: H.M.S. Beagle The mission Plankton, Paley, and Life’s purpose Cape Verde, Lyell, and Uniformitarianism Brazil, Patagonia, and Tierra del ...
... Darwins and Wedgwoods Edinburgh: medical training and radical marine biology Cambridge: theology, Paley, and Whewell Geology: Sedgwick’s survey of Wales 5. Darwin: H.M.S. Beagle The mission Plankton, Paley, and Life’s purpose Cape Verde, Lyell, and Uniformitarianism Brazil, Patagonia, and Tierra del ...
Ch04_sec2 Natural Selection MG
... • These deer were more likely to survive, and their young with thick fur were more likely to survive to reproduce. • Adaptation is the process of becoming adapted to an environment. • It is an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves a population’s ability to survive. ...
... • These deer were more likely to survive, and their young with thick fur were more likely to survive to reproduce. • Adaptation is the process of becoming adapted to an environment. • It is an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves a population’s ability to survive. ...
Name - MrKanesSciencePage
... A. Darwin’s study of fossils had convinced him and other scientists that life evolved, but paleontologists in 1859 hadn’t found enough fossils of intermediate forms of life to document the evolution of modern species from their ancestors. B. Since Darwin, paleontologists have discovered hundreds of ...
... A. Darwin’s study of fossils had convinced him and other scientists that life evolved, but paleontologists in 1859 hadn’t found enough fossils of intermediate forms of life to document the evolution of modern species from their ancestors. B. Since Darwin, paleontologists have discovered hundreds of ...
File
... • Heritability is the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next. • Darwin compared what he learned about breeding to his ideas on adaptation. • He concluded that those traits that were not beneficial could be selected out. • Darwin applied his views to the Theory of Natur ...
... • Heritability is the ability of a trait to be passed down from one generation to the next. • Darwin compared what he learned about breeding to his ideas on adaptation. • He concluded that those traits that were not beneficial could be selected out. • Darwin applied his views to the Theory of Natur ...
Evolution of Populations
... What is the definition of a species? For a new species to form, enough genetic change must occur so that the “new” species can no longer effectively reproduce with the “old” species. This is termed reproductive isolation, and the two species now have separate gene pools. ...
... What is the definition of a species? For a new species to form, enough genetic change must occur so that the “new” species can no longer effectively reproduce with the “old” species. This is termed reproductive isolation, and the two species now have separate gene pools. ...
Lecture 1 File
... Evolution by natural selection • Under optimal conditions, populations indefinitely increase in size. • But this does not happen as: not all animals reach maturity some animals breed less • Individuals within a population differ (natural variation) • Some differences (traits) affect survival/reprodu ...
... Evolution by natural selection • Under optimal conditions, populations indefinitely increase in size. • But this does not happen as: not all animals reach maturity some animals breed less • Individuals within a population differ (natural variation) • Some differences (traits) affect survival/reprodu ...
Natural Selection
... Natural Selection cannot select for the future needs of a species. This is because natural selection is not like Mother Nature watching over us. Since natural selection is totally an impersonal process that is nothing more than a difference, generation by generation, in the reproductive success of o ...
... Natural Selection cannot select for the future needs of a species. This is because natural selection is not like Mother Nature watching over us. Since natural selection is totally an impersonal process that is nothing more than a difference, generation by generation, in the reproductive success of o ...
Sexuality
... Definitions • Sex – Sex refers to the biological characteristics that define humans as female or male. While these sets of biological characteristics are not mutually exclusive, as there are individuals who possess both, they tend to differentiate humans as males and females. In general use in many ...
... Definitions • Sex – Sex refers to the biological characteristics that define humans as female or male. While these sets of biological characteristics are not mutually exclusive, as there are individuals who possess both, they tend to differentiate humans as males and females. In general use in many ...
Each objective will be covered in class and you are responsible for
... o Bottleneck Effect: o Founder Effect: o Emigration: o Immigration: 8. What is adaptive radiation? What is an example that Darwin referred to? 9. How does convergent evolution lead to analogous structures? Give an example and explain. ...
... o Bottleneck Effect: o Founder Effect: o Emigration: o Immigration: 8. What is adaptive radiation? What is an example that Darwin referred to? 9. How does convergent evolution lead to analogous structures? Give an example and explain. ...
Ch. 15, Darwin`s Theory of Evolution
... • Natural Selection= (Dr. Malone’s definition) when individuals who have what it takes survive and reproduce best; survival of the fittest, it’s a dog eat dog, you got to step on someone else to get where you want to go, world • Founder Effect = when a population shrinks down to only a few members, ...
... • Natural Selection= (Dr. Malone’s definition) when individuals who have what it takes survive and reproduce best; survival of the fittest, it’s a dog eat dog, you got to step on someone else to get where you want to go, world • Founder Effect = when a population shrinks down to only a few members, ...
Evolution by Natural Selection
... A heritable characteristic is influenced by genes and passed from parents to offspring. In the mice on the tan sand, tan fur was a heritable adaptive characteristic, and you saw how this characteristic became more common in the pups than in the mothers. In nature, heritable adaptive characteristics ...
... A heritable characteristic is influenced by genes and passed from parents to offspring. In the mice on the tan sand, tan fur was a heritable adaptive characteristic, and you saw how this characteristic became more common in the pups than in the mothers. In nature, heritable adaptive characteristics ...
Adaptations to sexual selection and sexual conflict
... et al. 2007; Gay et al. 2009). This may mean that conflict has a role to play in reproductive isolation only under some conditions, that such experiments have not yet run over a sufficiently long period of evolutionary time or that not all relevant traits have been studied (see below for discussion ...
... et al. 2007; Gay et al. 2009). This may mean that conflict has a role to play in reproductive isolation only under some conditions, that such experiments have not yet run over a sufficiently long period of evolutionary time or that not all relevant traits have been studied (see below for discussion ...
Chapter 13
... • 1831 HMS Beagle voyage to S. America (5 years) – Found evidence that species change over time • Fossils • Influenced by Malthus (increase in human population Vs food) • Charles Lyell (earth geology is changing) ...
... • 1831 HMS Beagle voyage to S. America (5 years) – Found evidence that species change over time • Fossils • Influenced by Malthus (increase in human population Vs food) • Charles Lyell (earth geology is changing) ...
Name: Gr.12 Biology Unit 3: Evolution (Ch.27) Section A: Multiple
... e. Only a, b and c are true f. Only a and b are true g. Only a, b, and d are true h. Only b and d are true ...
... e. Only a, b and c are true f. Only a and b are true g. Only a, b, and d are true h. Only b and d are true ...
Natural Selection
... I. Natural Selection on Single-Gene Traits A. Reminder: Evolution is any change over time in the relative frequencies of alleles in a population. Populations, not individual organisms, evolve over time. B. Natural selection on single-gene traits can lead to changes in allele frequencies and thus to ...
... I. Natural Selection on Single-Gene Traits A. Reminder: Evolution is any change over time in the relative frequencies of alleles in a population. Populations, not individual organisms, evolve over time. B. Natural selection on single-gene traits can lead to changes in allele frequencies and thus to ...
Evolution Of Evolution Class Notes
... the human population would grow faster than the space and food supplies needed to sustain it. The only checks on the human population would be war, famine, and disease. Malthus’ theory of population growth was observed by Darwin in other animal populations as well. In nature, Darwin saw many org ...
... the human population would grow faster than the space and food supplies needed to sustain it. The only checks on the human population would be war, famine, and disease. Malthus’ theory of population growth was observed by Darwin in other animal populations as well. In nature, Darwin saw many org ...
Evolution
... • Over time, natural selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. • These changes increase a species’ fitness in its environment. – Natural selection cannot be seen directly; it can only be observed as changes in a population over many successive generations. ...
... • Over time, natural selection results in changes in the inherited characteristics of a population. • These changes increase a species’ fitness in its environment. – Natural selection cannot be seen directly; it can only be observed as changes in a population over many successive generations. ...
EVOLUTION Evolutionary Science Sir Charles Lyell (1797
... The early ancestors of the modern horse walked on several spread-out toes, an accommodation to life spent walking on the soft, moist grounds of primeval forests. As grass species began to appear and flourish, the horse’ diets shifted from foliage to grasses, leading to larger and more durable teeth. ...
... The early ancestors of the modern horse walked on several spread-out toes, an accommodation to life spent walking on the soft, moist grounds of primeval forests. As grass species began to appear and flourish, the horse’ diets shifted from foliage to grasses, leading to larger and more durable teeth. ...
What Were the Main Accomplishments of Charles Darwin
... What are the Postulates of Darwin’s Theory? • Darwin’s Postulates (theory of natural selection as the major cause of evolution – each postulate can be tested; each potentially falsifiable) 1. Individuals within populations are variable 2. Variations among individuals are, at least in part, passed f ...
... What are the Postulates of Darwin’s Theory? • Darwin’s Postulates (theory of natural selection as the major cause of evolution – each postulate can be tested; each potentially falsifiable) 1. Individuals within populations are variable 2. Variations among individuals are, at least in part, passed f ...
Unit Nine: mechanisms of evolution and evolutionary relatedness
... indicate the types of organisms in which of these processes occur. a. The imperfect nature of DNA replication and repair. b. Transformation, transduction, conjugation and transposition 8. Explain how gene duplication may provide new phenotypes and give an example of how tis may provide cells with a ...
... indicate the types of organisms in which of these processes occur. a. The imperfect nature of DNA replication and repair. b. Transformation, transduction, conjugation and transposition 8. Explain how gene duplication may provide new phenotypes and give an example of how tis may provide cells with a ...
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection where typically members of one gender choose mates of the other gender to mate with, called intersexual selection, and where females normally do the choosing, and competition between members of the same gender to sexually reproduce with members of the opposite sex, called intrasexual selection. These two forms of selection mean that some individuals have better reproductive success than others within a population either from being sexier or preferring sexier partners to produce offspring. For instance in the breeding season sexual selection in frogs occurs with the males first gathering at the water's edge and croaking. The females then arrive and choose the males with the deepest croaks and best territories. Generalizing, males benefit from frequent mating and monopolizing access to a group of fertile females. Females have a limited number of offspring they can have and they maximize the return on the energy they invest in reproduction.First articulated by Charles Darwin who described it as driving speciation and that many organisms had evolved features whose function was deleterious to their individual survival, and then developed by Ronald Fisher in the early 20th century. Sexual selection can lead typically males to extreme efforts to demonstrate their fitness to be chosen by females, producing secondary sexual characteristics, such as ornate bird tails like the peacock plumage, or the antlers of deer, or the manes of lions, caused by a positive feedback mechanism known as a Fisherian runaway, where the passing on of the desire for a trait in one sex is as important as having the trait in the other sex in producing the runaway effect. Although the sexy son hypothesis indicates that females would prefer male sons, Fisher's principle explains why the sex ratio is 1:1 almost without exception. Sexual selection is also found in plants and fungi.The maintenance of sexual reproduction in a highly competitive world has long been one of the major mysteries of biology given that asexual reproduction can reproduce much more quickly as 50% of offspring are not males, unable to produce offspring themselves. However, research published in 2015 indicates that sexual selection can explain the persistence of sexual reproduction.