• Study Resource
  • Explore
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
Who Was Charles Darwin
Who Was Charles Darwin

... naturalist eminent as a collector and geologist who proposed and provided scientific evidence that all species of life have, charles darwin school official site - home about us welcome head boy and head girl prospectus ofsted governing body friends of charles darwin school student voice visitors key ...
Evolutionary Dynamics as a Component of Stage
Evolutionary Dynamics as a Component of Stage

... change (Berteaux et al. 2004). All of these examples include organisms that have relatively rapid generation times in which it is possible to directly observe populations over multiple consecutive generations and thus possible to measure responses to selection (Bone and Farres 2001; Stockwell et al. ...
The polymorphic prelude to Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller
The polymorphic prelude to Bateson–Dobzhansky–Muller

... species. We know that alleles must have been polymorphic before they became fixed within their respective lineages. However, until now, many biologists have presumed that these polymorphisms are sufficiently transient that they may be neglected [4]. Here, I argue that this assumption should be revis ...
Honey, I shrunk the organization: in search of
Honey, I shrunk the organization: in search of

... organizations as species occupying the same niche and going through processes akin to those studies by evolutionary ecology (Carroll & Hannan, 2000; Hannan & Freeman, 1993). Organizational systematics extended the logic of taxonomy from the kingdom of nature to the society of organizations (McKelvey ...
Genetic polymorphisms in Drosophila
Genetic polymorphisms in Drosophila

... evolution is absolutely limited by the degree of genetic variability. Various forces of evolution such as natural selection, random genetic drift and migration operate on genetic variability which provides the raw material for evolution. Thus the rate of evolution is absolutely limited by the amount ...
ch05
ch05

... a gradual accumulation of changes from one generation to another. He predicted that more and more missing links would be found to support his view. This model of speciation, is known as “Phyletic Gradualism”. In the early 1970’s a newer model for speciation called “Punctuated Equilibrium” was introd ...
Intro to Course, Biology and Science
Intro to Course, Biology and Science

... suited to large seeds ...
5.1 2 Specific adaptations in plants and animals - science
5.1 2 Specific adaptations in plants and animals - science

... Poison has evolved as an adaptation of predators and prey. Organisms such as snakes, spiders and insects use poison to paralyze or kill prey. Other organisms use poison as a defence. Certain tropical frogs have poisonous skin that can make predators very ill or even die. They are often brightly colo ...
Biology 101: Origins of Life
Biology 101: Origins of Life

... 1. Richard Owens and Darwin disagreed over why vertebrate animals had the same patterns in limbs, back bone, etc. What was Owen’s view? What was Darwin’s view? ...
Adaptive population divergence: markers, QTL and traits
Adaptive population divergence: markers, QTL and traits

... sylvestris, a common garden screening revealed that among-population divergence in the timing of bud burst was much greater (Qst = 0.80) than was population divergence in allozyme, microsatellite, RAPD and RFLP markers (Fst<0.02) [18].Although this is a particularly striking example, the general res ...
Isolation by environment
Isolation by environment

... by their ‘friction’ to dispersal (a low pairwise resistance means a high probability of dispersal, and vice versa). Isolation by resistance, like our definition of IBE, is also agnostic with respect to process; the dispersal resistance of a specific landscape element may be due to selection against ...
Ch.13 Textbook PowerPoint
Ch.13 Textbook PowerPoint

... secondary sexual characteristics – Which may give individuals an advantage in mating ...
Topic 13-Evolution & Darwin`s Theory
Topic 13-Evolution & Darwin`s Theory

... secondary sexual characteristics – Which may give individuals an advantage in mating ...
Darwin and species
Darwin and species

... problem that he had to address in his book. Species were defined in the minds of many of his readers as members of real groups related by means of descent: all members of a species were related by descent, whereas no individual was descended from members of another species. A second idea, which had ...
【金屬鍵】
【金屬鍵】

... (1 mark) ...
Lesson Overview
Lesson Overview

... does not mean that over time a species becomes “better” somehow, and evolution does not progress in a predetermined direction. In addition, traits acquired by individuals during their lifetime cannot be passed on to offspring. However, Lamarck was one of the first naturalists to suggest that species ...
Realism, relativism and Evolutionary Psychology
Realism, relativism and Evolutionary Psychology

... arguments. They attempt to go beyond words by pointing to a reality that is obviously, unavoidably there. Evolution, in particular the evolutionary history of human beings, takes pride of place. Textbooks of Evolutionary Psychology often begin with a chapter on the evolution of Homo sapiens. It is o ...
Adaptive divergence in contiguous populations of Darwin`s Small
Adaptive divergence in contiguous populations of Darwin`s Small

... as habitat, food type and foraging height). According to this ecological theory of speciation, the efficiency with which different resources are used between habitats will vary with phenotype, with stabilizing selection occurring for phenotypes that are close to the adaptive fitness peak, and with l ...
BIOLOGY SPRING FINALEXAMOBJECTIVES11
BIOLOGY SPRING FINALEXAMOBJECTIVES11

... 23. Identify the difference between mechanical and chemical digestion. 24. List the differences between viruses and bacteria. 25. Give examples of the bodies specific and nonspecific defenses. 26. Explain the difference between active and passive immunity. 27. Explain what antibiotics do. 28. Explai ...
Perspective Evolution Is an Experiment
Perspective Evolution Is an Experiment

... are, in fact, selected in parallel across different domestication events. If genes are selected in parallel, it implies that the number of genetic solutions to the challenge of domestication is constrained. However, I find no evidence for parallel selection events either between species (maize vs. r ...
15-3 Darwin Presents His Case
15-3 Darwin Presents His Case

... Lyell’s work explained how geological features could be built up or torn down over long periods of time. ...
GENES, ENVIRONMENTS, AND CONCEPTS OF BIOLOGICAL
GENES, ENVIRONMENTS, AND CONCEPTS OF BIOLOGICAL

... phenomena only much later. The first occurrences are to be found in the sixteenth century. At the beginning it was just a metaphor. Inheritance words had been used for a long time to talk about the transfer of property, wealth, and titles from a person to his descendants. The idea was that, just lik ...
Forcing Strategic Evolution: the saf as an adaptive organization
Forcing Strategic Evolution: the saf as an adaptive organization

... and unpredictable environment. It is this environment that all militaries, including the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF), will find themselves conducting business in. If the SAF operates in an environment of accelerated unpredictability, strategy must become adaptive—there is no other viable option. Th ...
Adaptation in Natural Microbial Populations
Adaptation in Natural Microbial Populations

... deleterious (Giraud et al. 2001b). For example, a series of elegant experiments on an E. coli mutator strain demonstrated a more rapid initial adaptation to the mouse gut environment than its wildtype ancestor with normal mutation rate but a disappearance of this advantage over time as adaptive muta ...
Evolution: artificial selection and domestication
Evolution: artificial selection and domestication

... 4.3 Phenotypic changes that appeared without being selected ...
< 1 ... 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 ... 123 >

The eclipse of Darwinism

Julian Huxley used the phrase ""the eclipse of Darwinism"" to describe the state of affairs prior to the modern evolutionary synthesis when evolution was widely accepted in scientific circles but relatively few biologists believed that natural selection was its primary mechanism. Historians of science such as Peter J. Bowler have used the same phrase as a label for the period within the history of evolutionary thought from the 1880s through the first couple of decades of the 20th century when a number of alternatives to natural selection were developed and explored - as many biologists considered natural selection to have been a wrong guess on Charles Darwin's part, and others regarded natural selection as of relatively minor importance. Recently the term eclipse has been criticized for inaccurately implying that research on Darwinism paused during this period, Paul Farber and Mark Largent have suggested the biological term interphase as an alternative metaphor.There were four major alternatives to natural selection in the late 19th century: Theistic evolution was the belief that God directly guided evolution. (This should not be confused with the more recent use of the term theistic evolution, referring to the theological belief about the compatibility of science and religion.) The idea that evolution was driven by the inheritance of characteristics acquired during the life of the organism was called neo-Lamarckism. Orthogenesis involved the belief that organisms were affected by internal forces or laws of development that drove evolution in particular directions Saltationism propounded the idea that evolution was largely the product of large mutations that created new species in a single step.Theistic evolution largely disappeared from the scientific literature by the end of the 19th century as direct appeals to supernatural causes came to be seen as unscientific. The other alternatives had significant followings well into the 20th century; mainstream biology largely abandoned them only when developments in genetics made them seem increasingly untenable, and when the development of population genetics and the modern evolutionary synthesis demonstrated the explanatory power of natural selection. Ernst Mayr wrote that as late as 1930 most textbooks still emphasized such non-Darwinian mechanisms.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report